我在postgres中使用表继承,但我用来将数据分区到子表中的触发器并不是很正常。例如,此查询返回nil,但我希望它返回新记录的id
。
INSERT INTO flags (flaggable_id, flaggable_type)
VALUES (233, 'Thank')
RETURNING id;
如果我将触发器函数的返回值从NULL
更改为NEW
,我会得到所需的RETURNING
行为,但之后会在数据库中插入两个相同的行。这是有道理的,因为来自触发器函数的非null返回值导致原始INSERT
语句执行,而返回NULL会导致语句停止执行。唯一索引可能会暂停第二次插入,但可能会引发错误。
如何使INSERT
RETURNING
与CREATE TABLE flags (
id integer NOT NULL,
flaggable_type character varying(255) NOT NULL,
flaggable_id integer NOT NULL,
body text
);
ALTER TABLE ONLY flags
ADD CONSTRAINT flags_pkey PRIMARY KEY (id);
CREATE TABLE "comment_flags" (
CHECK ("flaggable_type" = 'Comment'),
PRIMARY KEY ("id"),
FOREIGN KEY ("flaggable_id") REFERENCES "comments"("id")
) INHERITS ("flags");
CREATE TABLE "profile_flags" (
CHECK ("flaggable_type" = 'Profile'),
PRIMARY KEY ("id"),
FOREIGN KEY ("flaggable_id") REFERENCES "profiles"("id")
) INHERITS ("flags");
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION flag_insert_trigger_fun() RETURNS TRIGGER AS $BODY$
BEGIN
IF (NEW."flaggable_type" = 'Comment') THEN
INSERT INTO comment_flags VALUES (NEW.*);
ELSIF (NEW."flaggable_type" = 'Profile') THEN
INSERT INTO profile_flags VALUES (NEW.*);
ELSE
RAISE EXCEPTION 'Wrong "flaggable_type"="%", fix flag_insert_trigger_fun() function', NEW."flaggable_type";
END IF;
RETURN NULL;
END; $BODY$ LANGUAGE plpgsql;
CREATE TRIGGER flag_insert_trigger
BEFORE INSERT ON flags
FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE flag_insert_trigger_fun();
一起正常使用这样的触发器?
{{1}}
答案 0 :(得分:3)
我找到的唯一解决方法是为基表创建一个视图&在该视图上使用INSTEAD OF
触发器:
CREATE TABLE flags_base (
id integer NOT NULL,
flaggable_type character varying(255) NOT NULL,
flaggable_id integer NOT NULL,
body text
);
ALTER TABLE ONLY flags_base
ADD CONSTRAINT flags_base_pkey PRIMARY KEY (id);
CREATE TABLE "comment_flags" (
CHECK ("flaggable_type" = 'Comment'),
PRIMARY KEY ("id")
) INHERITS ("flags_base");
CREATE TABLE "profile_flags" (
CHECK ("flaggable_type" = 'Profile'),
PRIMARY KEY ("id")
) INHERITS ("flags_base");
CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW flags AS SELECT * FROM flags_base;
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION flag_insert_trigger_fun() RETURNS TRIGGER AS $BODY$
BEGIN
IF (NEW."flaggable_type" = 'Comment') THEN
INSERT INTO comment_flags VALUES (NEW.*);
ELSIF (NEW."flaggable_type" = 'Profile') THEN
INSERT INTO profile_flags VALUES (NEW.*);
ELSE
RAISE EXCEPTION 'Wrong "flaggable_type"="%", fix flag_insert_trigger_fun() function', NEW."flaggable_type";
END IF;
RETURN NEW;
END; $BODY$ LANGUAGE plpgsql;
CREATE TRIGGER flag_insert_trigger
INSTEAD OF INSERT ON flags
FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE flag_insert_trigger_fun();
但是这样你必须在每次插入时提供id
字段(即使flags_base
的主键具有默认值/是序列号),所以你如果是NEW.id
,则必须准备插入触发器以修复NULL
。
更新:看来,视图的列也可以有默认值,设置为
ALTER VIEW [ IF EXISTS ] name ALTER [ COLUMN ] column_name SET DEFAULT expression仅在视图中使用的
具有插入/更新规则/触发器。
http://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.3/static/sql-alterview.html
答案 1 :(得分:1)
@pozs提供了正确答案,但没有提供完整工作实施的代码。我试图在他的问题的编辑中包含代码,但它不被接受。相反,他提出了另一种方法,它看起来更干净,但可能有一些缺点(在你重新使用其他地方的触发功能的情况下)。
在此处包含我的解决方案以供参考:
CREATE TABLE base_flags (
id integer NOT NULL,
flaggable_type character varying(255) NOT NULL,
flaggable_id integer NOT NULL,
body text
);
ALTER TABLE ONLY base_flags
ADD CONSTRAINT base_flags_pkey PRIMARY KEY (id);
CREATE SEQUENCE base_flags_id_seq
START WITH 1
INCREMENT BY 1
NO MINVALUE
NO MAXVALUE
CACHE 1;
ALTER SEQUENCE base_flags_id_seq OWNED BY base_flags.id;
CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW flags AS SELECT * FROM base_flags;
CREATE TABLE "comment_flags" (
CHECK ("flaggable_type" = 'Comment'),
PRIMARY KEY ("id"),
FOREIGN KEY ("flaggable_id") REFERENCES "comments"("id")
) INHERITS ("flags");
CREATE TABLE "profile_flags" (
CHECK ("flaggable_type" = 'Profile'),
PRIMARY KEY ("id"),
FOREIGN KEY ("flaggable_id") REFERENCES "profiles"("id")
) INHERITS ("flags");
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION flag_insert_trigger_fun() RETURNS TRIGGER AS $BODY$
BEGIN
IF NEW.id IS NULL THEN
NEW.id := nextval('base_flags_id_seq');
END IF;
IF (NEW."flaggable_type" = 'Comment') THEN
INSERT INTO comment_flags VALUES (NEW.*);
ELSIF (NEW."flaggable_type" = 'Profile') THEN
INSERT INTO profile_flags VALUES (NEW.*);
ELSE
RAISE EXCEPTION 'Wrong "flaggable_type"="%", fix flag_insert_trigger_fun() function', NEW."flaggable_type";
END IF;
RETURN NEW;
END;
$BODY$
LANGUAGE plpgsql;
CREATE TRIGGER flag_insert_trigger
INSTEAD OF INSERT ON base_flags
FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE flag_insert_trigger_fun();