Question

早上好 -

我有兴趣看到一种解析层次文本文件值的有效方法（即，具有Title =＆gt; Multiple Headings =＆gt; Multiple Subheadings =＆gt; Multiple的文件Keys =＆gt; Multiple Values）成一个简单的XML文档。为简单起见，答案将使用：

编写

正则表达式（最好用PHP）
或，PHP代码（例如，如果循环更有效）

这是我正在使用的库存文件的示例。请注意，Header = FOODS ，Sub-Header = Type（A，B ...），Keys = PRODUCT（或CODE等）和值可能还有一行。

**FOODS - TYPE A**
___________________________________
**PRODUCT**
1) Mi Pueblito Queso Fresco Authentic Mexican Style Fresh Cheese;
2) La Fe String Cheese
**CODE**
Sell by date going back to February 1, 2009
**MANUFACTURER**
Quesos Mi Pueblito, LLC, Passaic, NJ.
**VOLUME OF UNITS**
11,000 boxes
**DISTRIBUTION**
NJ, NY, DE, MD, CT, VA
___________________________________
**PRODUCT**
1) Peanut Brittle No Sugar Added;
2) Peanut Brittle Small Grind;
3) Homestyle Peanut Brittle Nuggets/Coconut Oil Coating
**CODE**
1) Lots 7109 - 8350 inclusive;
2) Lots 8198 - 8330 inclusive;
3) Lots 7075 - 9012 inclusive;
4) Lots 7100 - 8057 inclusive;
5) Lots 7152 - 8364 inclusive
**MANUFACTURER**
Star Kay White, Inc., Congers, NY.
**VOLUME OF UNITS**
5,749 units
**DISTRIBUTION**
NY, NJ, MA, PA, OH, FL, TX, UT, CA, IA, NV, MO and IN
**FOODS - TYPE B**
___________________________________
**PRODUCT**
Cool River Bebidas Naturales - West Indian Cherry Fruit Acerola 16% Juice;
**CODE**
990-10/2 10/5
**MANUFACTURER**
San Mar Manufacturing Corp., Catano, PR.
**VOLUME OF UNITS**
384
**DISTRIBUTION**
PR

这是所需的输出（请原谅任何XML语法错误）：

<foods>
    <food type = "A" >
        <product>Mi Pueblito Queso Fresco Authentic Mexican Style Fresh Cheese</product>
        <product>La Fe String Cheese</product>
        <code>Sell by date going back to February 1, 2009</code>
        <manufacturer>Quesos Mi Pueblito, LLC, Passaic, NJ.</manufacturer>
        <volume>11,000 boxes</volume>
        <distibution>NJ, NY, DE, MD, CT, VA</distribution>
    </food>
    <food type = "A" >
        <product>Peanut Brittle No Sugar Added</product>
        <product>Peanut Brittle Small Grind</product>
        <product>Homestyle Peanut Brittle Nuggets/Coconut Oil Coating</product>
        <code>Lots 7109 - 8350 inclusive</code>
    <code>Lots 8198 - 8330 inclusive</code>
    <code>Lots 7075 - 9012 inclusive</code>
    <code>Lots 7100 - 8057 inclusive</code>
    <code>Lots 7152 - 8364 inclusive</code>
        <manufacturer>Star Kay White, Inc., Congers, NY.</manufacturer>
        <volume>5,749 units</volume>
        <distibution>NY, NJ, MA, PA, OH, FL, TX, UT, CA, IA, NV, MO and IN</distribution>
    </food>
    <food type = "B" >
        <product>Cool River Bebidas Naturales - West Indian Cherry Fruit Acerola 16% Juice</product>
        <code>990-10/2 10/5</code>
        <manufacturer>San Mar Manufacturing Corp., Catano, PR</manufacturer>
        <volume>384</volume>
        <distibution>PR</distribution>
    </food>
</FOODS>
<!-- and so forth -->

到目前为止，我的方法（使用庞大的文本文件可能效率很低）将是以下之一：

循环和多个Select / Case语句，其中文件被加载到字符串缓冲区中，并在循环遍历每一行时，查看它是否与标题/子标题/键之一匹配行，将适当的xml标记附加到xml字符串变量，然后根据关于哪个键名最新的IF语句将子节点添加到xml（这看起来很耗时且容易出错，特别是如果文本更改甚至稍微） - 或者
使用REGEX（正则表达式）查找和替换具有相应xml标记的关键字段，使用xml库清理它，然后导出xml文件。问题是，我几乎不使用正则表达式，所以我需要一些基于示例的帮助。

任何帮助或建议都将不胜感激。

感谢。

Answer 1

您可以用作起点的示例。至少我希望它能给你一个想法...

<?php
define('TYPE_HEADER', 1);
define('TYPE_KEY', 2);
define('TYPE_DELIMETER', 3);
define('TYPE_VALUE', 4);

$datafile = 'data.txt';
$fp = fopen($datafile, 'rb') or die('!fopen');

// stores (the first) {header} in 'name' and the root simplexmlelement in 'element'
$container = array('name'=>null, 'element'=>null);
// stores the name for each item element, the value for the type attribute for subsequent item elements and the simplexmlelement of the current item element
$item = array('name'=>null, 'type'=>null, 'current_element'=>null);
// the last **key** encountered, used to create new child elements in the current item element when a value is encountered
$key = null;

while ( false!==($t=getstruct($fp)) ) {
  switch( $t[0] ) {
    case TYPE_HEADER:
      if ( is_null($container['element']) ) {
        // this is the first time we hit **header - subheader**
        $container['name'] = $t[1][0];
        // ugly hack, < . name . />
        $container['element'] = new SimpleXMLElement('<'.$container['name'].'/>');
        // each subsequent new item gets the new subheader as type attribute
        $item['type'] = $t[1][1];
        // dummy implementation: "deducting" the item names from header/container[name]
        $item['name'] = substr($t[1][0], 0, -1);
      }
      else {
        // hitting **header - subheader** the (second, third, nth) time 
        /*
        header must be the same as the first time (stored in container['name']).
        Otherwise you need another container element since 
        xml documents can only have one root element
        */
        if ( $container['name'] !== $t[1][0] ) {
          echo $container['name'], "!==",  $t[1][0], "\n";
          die('format error');
        }
        else {
          // subheader may have changed, store it for future item elements
          $item['type'] = $t[1][1];
        }
      }
      break;
    case TYPE_DELIMETER:
      assert( !is_null($container['element']) );
      assert( !is_null($item['name']) );
      assert( !is_null($item['type']) );
      /* that's maybe not a wise choice.
      You might want to check the complete item before appending it to the document.
      But the example is a hack anyway ...so create a new item element and append it to the container right away
      */
      $item['current_element'] = $container['element']->addChild($item['name']);
      // set the type-attribute according to the last **header - subheader** encountered
      $item['current_element']['type'] = $item['type'];
      break;
    case TYPE_KEY:
      $key = $t[1][0];
      break;
    case TYPE_VALUE:
      assert( !is_null($item['current_element']) );
      assert( !is_null($key) );
      // this is a value belonging to the "last" key encountered
      // create a new "key" element with the value as content
      // and addit to the current item element
      $tmp = $item['current_element']->addChild($key, $t[1][0]);
      break;
    default:
      die('unknown token');
  }
}

if ( !is_null($container['element']) ) {
  $doc = dom_import_simplexml($container['element']);
  $doc = $doc->ownerDocument;
  $doc->formatOutput = true;
  echo $doc->saveXML();
}
die;


/*
Take a look at gettoken() at http://www.tuxradar.com/practicalphp/21/5/6
It breaks the stream into much simpler pieces.
In the next step the parser would "combine" or structure the simple tokens into more complex things.
This function does both....
@return array(id, array(parameter)
*/
function getstruct($fp) {
  if ( feof($fp) ) {
    return false;
  }
  // shortcut: all we care about "happens" on one line
  // so let php read one line in a single step and then do the pattern matching
  $line = trim(fgets($fp));

  // this matches **key** and **header - subheader**
  if ( preg_match('#^\*\*([^-]+)(?:-(.*))?\*\*$#', $line, $m) ) {
    // only for **header - subheader** $m[2] is set.
    if ( isset($m[2]) ) {
      return array(TYPE_HEADER, array(trim($m[1]), trim($m[2])));
    }
    else {
      return array(TYPE_KEY, array($m[1]));
    }
  }
  // this matches _____________ and means "new item"
  else if ( preg_match('#^_+$#', $line, $m) ) {
    return array(TYPE_DELIMETER, array());
  }
  // any other non-empty line is a single value
  else if ( preg_match('#\S#', $line) ) {
    // you might want to filter the 1),2),3) part out here
    // could also be two diffrent token types
    return array(TYPE_VALUE, array($line));
  }
  else {
    // skip empty lines, would be nicer with tail-recursion...
    return getstruct($fp);
  }
}

打印

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<FOODS>
  <FOOD type="TYPE A">
    <PRODUCT>1) Mi Pueblito Queso Fresco Authentic Mexican Style Fresh Cheese;</PRODUCT>
    <PRODUCT>2) La Fe String Cheese</PRODUCT>
    <CODE>Sell by date going back to February 1, 2009</CODE>
    <MANUFACTURER>Quesos Mi Pueblito, LLC, Passaic, NJ.</MANUFACTURER>
    <VOLUME OF UNITS>11,000 boxes</VOLUME OF UNITS>
    <DISTRIBUTION>NJ, NY, DE, MD, CT, VA</DISTRIBUTION>
  </FOOD>
  <FOOD type="TYPE A">
    <PRODUCT>1) Peanut Brittle No Sugar Added;</PRODUCT>
    <PRODUCT>2) Peanut Brittle Small Grind;</PRODUCT>
    <PRODUCT>3) Homestyle Peanut Brittle Nuggets/Coconut Oil Coating</PRODUCT>
    <CODE>1) Lots 7109 - 8350 inclusive;</CODE>
    <CODE>2) Lots 8198 - 8330 inclusive;</CODE>
    <CODE>3) Lots 7075 - 9012 inclusive;</CODE>
    <CODE>4) Lots 7100 - 8057 inclusive;</CODE>
    <CODE>5) Lots 7152 - 8364 inclusive</CODE>
    <MANUFACTURER>Star Kay White, Inc., Congers, NY.</MANUFACTURER>
    <VOLUME OF UNITS>5,749 units</VOLUME OF UNITS>
    <DISTRIBUTION>NY, NJ, MA, PA, OH, FL, TX, UT, CA, IA, NV, MO and IN</DISTRIBUTION>
  </FOOD>
  <FOOD type="TYPE B">
    <PRODUCT>Cool River Bebidas Naturales - West Indian Cherry Fruit Acerola 16% Juice;</PRODUCT>
    <CODE>990-10/2 10/5</CODE>
    <MANUFACTURER>San Mar Manufacturing Corp., Catano, PR.</MANUFACTURER>
    <VOLUME OF UNITS>384</VOLUME OF UNITS>
    <DISTRIBUTION>PR</DISTRIBUTION>
  </FOOD>
</FOODS>

不幸的是，ANTLR的php模块的状态目前是“Runtime is in alpha status.”，但无论如何它都值得一试......

Answer 2

请参阅：http://www.tuxradar.com/practicalphp/21/5/6

这告诉您如何使用PHP将文本文件解析为标记。解析后，您可以将其放入任何您想要的内容中。

您需要根据您的条件在文件中搜索特定的令牌：

例如：的产品

这为您提供了XML标记

然后1）可以有特殊含义

1）花生脆...

这告诉您要在XML标记中放入什么。

我不知道这是否是完成任务的最有效方法，但它是编译器解析文件的方式，并且有可能非常准确。

Answer 3

而不是Regex或PHP使用XSLT 2.0 unparsed-text（）函数来读取文件（参见http://www.biglist.com/lists/xsl-list/archives/200508/msg00085.html）

Answer 4

XSLT 1.0解决方案的另一个提示是：http://bytes.com/topic/net/answers/808619-read-plain-file-xslt-1-0-a

如何最好地使用正则表达式将分层文本文件转换为XML？

4 个答案: