从时间上提取小时的最快方式(HH:MM)

时间:2014-04-02 06:31:04

标签: r time data.table hour

希望fastPOSIXct有效 - 但在这种情况下无效。

这是我的时间数据(没有日期) - 我需要从中获取小时数。

times <- c("9:46","11:06", "14:17", "19:53", "0:03", "3:56")

以下是来自fastPOSIXct的错误输出:

fastPOSIXct(times, "GMT")
[1] "1970-01-01 00:00:00 GMT" "1970-01-01 00:00:00 GMT"
[3] "1970-01-01 00:00:00 GMT" "1970-01-01 00:00:00 GMT"
[5] "1970-01-01 00:00:00 GMT" "1970-01-01 00:00:00 GMT"

如果没有正确的日期,它无法识别时间。

来自hour的{​​{1}}方法data.table解决了目的,但在大型数组上看起来很慢。

as.ITime

想知道是否有更快的方式(就像library(data.table) hour(as.ITime(times)) # [1] 9 11 14 19 0 3 一样,但无需日期工作)。

fastPOSIXct真的像snap一样,但是错了。

6 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:11)

您也可以尝试substras.integer(substr(vals, start = 1, stop = nchar(vals) - 3))


在具有10e6元素的向量的基准测试中,stringi::stri_sub最快,substr为2。

vals <- sample(c("9:46", "11:06", "14:17", "19:53", "0:03", "3:56"), 1e6, replace = TRUE)

fun_substr <- function(vals) as.integer(substr(vals, start = 1, stop = nchar(vals) - 3))

grab.hrs <- function(vals) as.integer(sub(pattern = ":.*", replacement = "", x = vals))

fun_strtrim <- function(vals) as.integer(strtrim(vals, nchar(vals) - 3))

library(chron)
fun_chron <- function(vals) hours(times(paste0(vals, ":00")))

fun_lt <- function(vals) as.POSIXlt(vals, format="%H:%M")$hour

library(stringi)
fun_stri_sub <- function(vals) as.integer(stri_sub(vals, from = 1, to = -4))

library(microbenchmark)
microbenchmark(fun_substr(vals),
               fun_stri_sub(vals),      
               grab.hrs(vals),
               fun_strtrim(vals),
               fun_lt(vals),
               fun_chron(vals),
               unit = "relative", times = 5)
# Unit: relative
#               expr       min        lq      mean    median        uq       max neval
#   fun_substr(vals)  2.186714  1.902074  2.015082  1.968542  1.945007  2.090236     5
# fun_stri_sub(vals)  1.000000  1.000000  1.000000  1.000000  1.000000  1.000000     5
#     grab.hrs(vals)  2.656630  2.397918  2.687133  2.426223  2.446902  3.263962     5
#  fun_strtrim(vals) 31.177869 27.601380 26.009818 27.423562 17.902507 29.426989     5
#       fun_lt(vals) 47.296929 41.122287 42.266556 40.647465 30.539030 52.710992     5
#    fun_chron(vals)  5.594931  5.159192  5.961775  7.746242  5.286944  6.189742     5

答案 1 :(得分:10)

您也可以使用times包中的chron功能执行此操作:

library(chron)
vals <- c("9:46","11:06", "14:17", "19:53", "0:03", "3:56")
dat <- times(paste0(vals, ":00"))
hours(dat)
# [1]  9 11 14 19  0  3

如果速度很重要,您可以通过字符串操作更快地提取小时数:

grab.hrs <- function(vals) as.numeric(sub(pattern = ":.*", replacement = "",
                                      x = vals))
grab.hrs(vals)
# [1]  9 11 14 19  0  3

timesas.POSIXlt(来自@ tonytonov的解决方案)似乎比as.ITime快一点,字符串操作更快:

library(microbenchmark)
library(data.table)
microbenchmark(hours(times(paste0(vals, ":00"))),
               hours(as.ITime(vals)),
               as.POSIXlt(vals, format="%H:%M")$hour,
               grab.hrs(vals))
# Unit: microseconds
#                                     expr     min       lq   median       uq      max neval
#        hours(times(paste0(vals, ":00"))) 174.544 184.9485 193.5630 204.6950 5047.195   100
#                    hours(as.ITime(vals)) 665.833 678.8790 705.6445 735.0525 3030.574   100
#  as.POSIXlt(vals, format = "%H:%M")$hour 158.264 169.8880 171.9670 180.1800  301.840   100
#                           grab.hrs(vals)  10.637  15.4540  20.0995  21.1285   55.985   100

答案 2 :(得分:6)

这是一个选择吗?这是一个base解决方案。

as.POSIXlt(times, format="%H:%M")$hour
#[1]  9 11 14 19  0  3

答案 3 :(得分:6)

要真正加速,你也可以从字符串中删除lsat 3字符。它比使用regex更快。

as.numeric(strtrim(times, nchar(times) - 3)) 
## [1]  9 11 14 19  0  3

以下是基准测试结果

Unit: microseconds
                                         expr     min       lq   median       uq      max neval
            hours(times(paste0(vals, ":00"))) 200.670 212.9720 218.7960 221.8420  352.370   100
                        hours(as.ITime(vals)) 453.174 478.9680 487.3805 496.7885 1607.321   100
      as.POSIXlt(vals, format = "%H:%M")$hour  41.278  46.4945  49.7310  51.3115   56.453   100
                               grab.hrs(vals)  12.352  15.4295  18.3850  20.3390   31.349   100
  as.numeric(gsub("(.*):.*", "\\\\1", times))  14.528  17.7225  20.6390  23.4530   53.683   100
 as.numeric(strtrim(times, nchar(times) - 3))   9.621  11.6605  12.7435  13.2520  147.446   100

答案 4 :(得分:4)

您可以使用stringi包中的stri_sub功能修剪最后3个字符,如下所示:

require(stringi)
times <- c("9:46", "11:06", "14:17", "19:53", "0:03", "3:56")
stri_sub(times, from = 1, to = -4)
## [1] "9"  "11" "14" "19" "0"  "3" 

如果from和/或to参数为负数,则从字符串末尾开始计数。因此,在此示例中,子字符串是从第一个字符到第四个字符,但是从字符串的结尾开始计算。

答案 5 :(得分:0)

在这种情况下,

str_subsubstr总是很方便。例如,以下代码适用于substr

times <- c("9:46", "11:06", "14:17", "19:53", "0:03", "3:56")

times1 <- str_pad(times,5,pad='0')

times1
## [1]"09:46", "11:06", "14:17", "19:53", "00:03", "03:56"

Substr(times1,1,2)
## [1] "09"  "11" "14" "19" "00"  "03"