我想为我正在制作的小游戏创建双链循环列表。我希望它成为一个列表,因为它在添加和删除新元素时提供了速度。如果我想使用动态表,任何类型的添加/删除操作都需要我重写整个表,这会严重减慢程序(至少从我的理解)。该解决方案唯一的问题是,我不完全了解如何做这样的列表;)
struct parts{
char name;
parts *next, *prev;
parts *connected;
};
void add_part(struct parts **head, struct parts **tail, char name)
{
struct parts *a;
a = (struct parts*)malloc(sizeof(struct parts));
a->name = name;
if ((*head) == NULL && (*tail) == NULL)
{
*head = a;
*tail = a;
a->next = NULL;
a->prev = NULL;
}
else
{
a->next = *head;
a->prev = NULL;
}
}
void display(parts *head) {
parts *temp = head;
while (temp != NULL){
cout << temp->name << endl;
temp = temp->next;
}
}
int main ()
{
char names[] = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPRSTUWXYZ";
segmenty *head = NULL;
segmenty *tail = NULL;
int count_parts;
cin >>count_parts;
for (int i=0; i < count_parts && i<24; i++){
add_part(&head, &tail, names[i]);
}
display(head);
return 0;
}
我希望用户能够做的是输入他想要的元素数量,然后我想用字母表中的字母命名每个元素并将它们放在我的列表中,以便每个元素都连接到元素之前和之后它和尾部连接到头部(我希望列表是循环的)。不幸的是我的指针技能有点缺乏... * connected是一个指针,我想用于当前在地面上的元素(只有一个元素可以同时触地)用于删除或添加新元素等用途。如果元素到达陷阱我想删除那个特定元素,而不是任何其他元素。
答案 0 :(得分:1)
除非您必须练习并演示指针技巧,否则请查看此处所述的std::list
容器:std::list - cppreference.com。从根本上说,struct parts
和所有指针操作都将消失。可以将std::list
容器声明为每个元素存储一个char
。它还为您完成所有指针操作和内务处理。 connected
代码示例后面会讨论std::list
指针。
如果您在测试后发现存储单个char
的字符串更好,那么请修改typedef行,声明std::list
包含std::string
。
参考删除功能:std::list::remove, remove_if。
参考插入函数:std::list::insert。此处未演示插入,但有八种不同的重载版本。
具有恒定时间复杂度的四种方法:
1.添加到列表的前面或末尾,使用:std::list::push_front和std::list::push_back
2.从正面或背面移除单个元素:std::list::pop_front和std::list::pop_back。
以下是一个示例声明和简单操作。为清晰起见,下面显示std::list
,但编译和构建不需要std::
(例如using namespace std;
存在):
#include <list>
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
//
// Other headers as needed, then a sample main...
//
main (int argc, char * argv[])
{
const int ciNamesMax = 26;
char names[ciNamesMax] = {'A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E', 'F', 'G', 'H', 'I', 'J',
'K', 'L', 'M', 'N', 'O', 'P', 'Q', 'R', 'S', 'T',
'U', 'V', 'W', 'X', 'Y', 'Z' };
typedef std::list <char> tdCharNames;
tdCharNames theNames(names, names + ciNamesMax);
//
// Print the list contents with zero modifications to the elements
//
cout << "The doubly linked list of chars contains the following values.";
cout << endl;
int j = 1;
for (tdCharNames::iterator i = theNames.begin(); i != theNames.end(); i++)
{
cout << "Element " << j << " is: " << (*i) << endl;
j++;
}
//
// Use the built-in remove function in two different ways to demonstrate
// ease of removing an element or elements.
//
theNames.remove('B');
//
// Note that the C++11 lambda function is used as the predicate to
// remove the 'G' and 'P' elements.
//
theNames.remove_if( [](char c) { return (c == 'G' || c == 'P'); } );
j = 1;
for (tdCharNames::iterator i = theNames.begin(); i != theNames.end(); i++)
{
cout << "Element " << j << " is: " << (*i) << endl;
j++;
}
} // end main
然后,上面connected
内的struct parts
指针将成为声明的单个char
变量,但必须获取其值(例如,来自用户和cin
的输入)。然后connected
变量将传递给std::list::remove
函数。例如,以下是代码段:
char connected;
cout << "Enter the ground location (A-Z): ";
cin >> connected;
//
// Other logic, user messages, error checking, and so on.
// Then, call the std::list::remove method as desired.
//
theNames.remove(connected);
切换到存储std::string
:
const int ciNamesMax = 26;
std::string names[ciNamesMax] = {"A", "B", "C", "D", "E", "F", "G", "H", "I", "J",
"K", "L", "M", "N", "O", "P", "Q", "R", "S", "T",
"U", "V", "W", "X", "Y", "Z" };
//
// May want to modify the typedef name to better indicate std::string.
// Leaving the typedef as before to demonstrate the simplicity of changing
// the element type being stored. Keep in mind that the lambda and other
// logic looking for a char may be affected. It is up to the reader to test
// and adjust the implementation accordingly.
//
typedef std::list <std::string> tdCharNames;
tdCharNames theNames(names, names + ciNamesMax);