Question

保存由save数据类型构成的变量sample的二进制快照的最佳方法是什么？

program save_it

   type core
      integer, dimension(8) :: indx
   end type core 

   type sample
      integer :: a
      real*8, dimension(:), allocatable :: b
      type(core), dimension(:), allocatable :: c
   end type sample

   ! here it comes
   type(sample) :: save

   ! here we allocate all componenets of variable "save"
   !.
   !.

   ! Now, how to write/read variable "save" to/from external file?

end program save_it

在C ++中有非常直接的二进制输入/输出流，但我不知道如何在Fortran 90 +中进行。

Answer 1

如果通过Fortran90 +你的意思是你对Fortran 2003感到满意，那么可以选择用户定义的派生类型IO。这允许您在write语句中包含分配所需的额外簿记。我将示例代码放在底部。

如果您不想使用此功能，这可能是因为您没有支持它的编译器（我已使用ifort 14测试过），那么您可以模仿簿记很容易。

关键部分是发送并回读大小并在读取之前分配变量。

代码：

module types

   type core
      integer, dimension(8) :: indx
   end type core 

   type sample
      integer :: a
      real*8, dimension(:), allocatable :: b
      type(core), dimension(:), allocatable :: c
    contains
      procedure write_sample
      procedure read_sample
      generic :: write(unformatted) => write_sample
      generic :: read(unformatted) => read_sample
   end type sample

   contains

     ! Unformatted writing for the sample derived type
     subroutine write_sample(dtv, unit, iostat, iomsg)
       class(sample), intent(in) :: dtv
       integer, intent(in) :: unit
       integer, intent(out) :: iostat
       character(*), intent(inout) :: iomsg

       integer i

       ! Write a record giving sizes for the allocation
       write(unit, iostat=iostat, iomsg=iomsg) SIZE(dtv%b), SIZE(dtv%c)
       write(unit, iostat=iostat, iomsg=iomsg) dtv%a, dtv%b, &
                                               (dtv%c(i)%indx, i=1,SIZE(dtv%c))

     end subroutine write_sample

     ! Unformatted reading for the sample derived type
     subroutine read_sample(dtv, unit, iostat, iomsg)
       class(sample), intent(inout) :: dtv
       integer, intent(in) :: unit
       integer, intent(out) :: iostat
       character(*), intent(inout) :: iomsg

       integer i
       integer sizeb, sizec

       ! We first have a record telling us the sizes of components
       read(unit, iostat=iostat, iomsg=iomsg) sizeb, sizec
       ! So we do the allocation
       allocate(dtv%b(sizeb), dtv%c(sizec))
       ! And then finally the reading.
       read(unit, iostat=iostat, iomsg=iomsg) dtv%a, dtv%b, &
                                             (dtv%c(i)%indx, i=1,SIZE(dtv%c))

     end subroutine read_sample

end module types

program save_it
   use types

   implicit none

   integer i, unit_in, unit_out

   ! here it comes
   type(sample) :: save
   type(sample) :: save_test

   ! Define some values - using ifort don't forget to set the compile flag
   save%a = 14
   save%b = [(i*1., i=1, 10)]
   save%c = [core([(i, i=1,8)]), core([(i, i=11, 18)])]

   ! Write out the derived type
   open(newunit=unit_out, file='serial', form='unformatted', &
        status='replace', action='write')
   write(unit_out) save
   close(unit_out)

   ! Read in the derived type to a new one
   open(newunit=unit_in, file='serial', form='unformatted', &
        status='old', action='read')
   read(unit_in) save_test
   close(unit_in)

   ! Test, if we want to be certain

end program save_it

在使其健壮的过程中，当然还有很多工作要做。

Fortran90 +中具有可分配组件的数据类型的二进制读/写

1 个答案: