将列表的元素与所有可能的分隔符组合在一起

时间:2014-03-27 07:19:28

标签: python python-2.7

我有以下要求。

我有一个列表,其中包含3个元素[X,Y,2]

我想要做的是在每个元素之间(或不是)之间生成带分隔符的字符串(比如说" - ")。应保留数组中元素的顺序。

所以输出结果为:

'XY2'
'X-Y-2'
'X-Y2'
'XY-2'

在python中有一种优雅的方法吗?

4 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:4)

>>> import itertools
>>> for c in itertools.product(' -', repeat=2): print ('X%sY%s2' % c).replace(' ', '')
XY2
XY-2
X-Y2
X-Y-2

或者,来自python列表的元素:

import itertools
a = ['X', 'Y', 2]
for c in itertools.product(' -', repeat=2):
    print ('%s%s%s%s%s' % (a[0],c[0],a[1],c[1],a[2])).replace(' ', '')

或者,风格略有不同:

import itertools
a = ['X', 'Y', '2']
for c in itertools.product(' -', repeat=2):
    print ( '%s'.join(a) % c ).replace(' ', '')

将输出捕获到列表:

import itertools
a = ['X', 'Y', '2']
output = []
for c in itertools.product(' -', repeat=len(a)-1):
   output.append( ('%s'.join(a) % c).replace(' ', '') )
print 'output=', output

答案 1 :(得分:2)

稍微宽泛一点,但适用于任何数量的分隔符,希望每一步都很容易理解:

import itertools
a = ['X', 'Y', '2']
all_separators = ['', '-', '+']

results = []
# this product puts all separators in all positions for len-1 (spaces between each element)
for this_separators in itertools.product(all_separators, repeat=len(a)-1):
    this_result = []
    for pair in itertools.izip_longest(a, this_separators, fillvalue=''):
        for element in pair:
            this_result.append(element)
    # if you want it, here it is as a comprehension
    # this_result = [element for pair
    #                in itertools.izip_longest(a, this_separators, fillvalue='')
    #                for element in pair]
    this_result_string = ''.join(this_result)  # check out join docs if it's new to you
    results.append(this_result_string)    

print results
>>> ['XY2', 'XY-2', 'XY+2', 'X-Y2', 'X-Y-2', 'X-Y+2', 'X+Y2', 'X+Y-2', 'X+Y+2']

这些是您的案例的结果,只有''和' - '作为分隔符:

>>> ['XY2', 'XY-2', 'X-Y2', 'X-Y-2']

如果你想要一切理解:

results = [''.join(element for pair
                   in itertools.izip_longest(a, this_separators, fillvalue='')
                   for element in pair)
           for this_separators in itertools.product(all_separators, repeat=len(a)-1)]

答案 2 :(得分:1)

我不知道在itertool中是否有一个函数可以做到这一点。但我一直认为做这类事情很有趣,也很好。所以有一个递归生成器的解决方案:

def generate(liste):
    if len(liste) == 1:
        yield [liste]
    else:
        for i in generate(liste[1:]):
            yield [[liste[0]]]+i
            yield [ [liste[0]]+i[0] ] + i[1:]

if __name__ == "__main__":
    for i in generate (["X","Y","2"]):
        print "test : " + str(i)
        if len(i) == 1:
            print "".join(i[0])
        else:
            print reduce(
                lambda left, right : left + "".join(right),
                i,
            "")

答案 3 :(得分:0)

这样的东西?

from itertools import permutations

i =  ["X","Y","2"]
for result in permutations(i, 3):
    print "-".join(result)

结果:

X-Y-2
X-2-Y
Y-X-2
Y-2-X
2-X-Y
2-Y-X