django获取具有链式外键的对象的查询集

时间:2014-03-26 07:57:15

标签: python django foreign-key-relationship

我有一个看起来像的项目:

mysite/
|-- books
|   |-- __init__.py
|   `-- models.py
`-- org
    |-- __init__.py
    `-- models.py

书籍/ models.py:

from django.db import models

from mysite.org.models import Team

class BookSet(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=10)
    team = models.ForeignKey(Team, related_name='booksets')

class Book(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=10)
    book_set = models.ForeignKey(BookSet, related_name='books')

组织/ models.py:

from django.db import models

class Department(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=20)

class Team(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=20)
    department = models.ForeignKey(Department, related_name='teams')

我想要达到的目的是获得部门的所有书籍,类似于:

class Department(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=20)

    @property
    def books(self):
        # this won't work, is there any possible do it like this?
        return self.teams.booksets.books()

我知道一种可能的方法是通过以下方式来实现:

from mysite.books.models import Book

class Department(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=20)

    @property
    def books(self):
        return Book.objects.filter(book_set__team__department=self)

但是使用这种方法,我需要做一些棘手的事情,允许它们(books.models和org.models)循环互相导入。

所以我想知道是否有可能通过查询外键来查找部门的所有书籍,如下所示:

    @property
    def books(self):
        # this won't work, is there any possible do it like this?
        return self.teams.booksets.books()

3 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:3)

避免周期性导入的简单方法是将您的Department模型设为:

class Department(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=20)

    @property
    def books(self):
        from mysite.books.models import Book
        return Book.objects.filter(book_set__team__department=self)

答案 1 :(得分:2)

我认为这样的事情会起作用:

class Department(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=20)

    @property
    def books(self):
        booksets = list(team.booksets.all() for team in self.teams.all())
        return list(bookset.books.all() for bookset in booksets)

但我没有一种简单的方法来测试它。

编辑:我忘记添加的另一种选择:

您可以使用字符串来引用ForeignKey定义中的模型。像这样:

class BookSet(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=10)
    team = models.ForeignKey('org.Team', related_name='booksets')

然后在您的其他应用程序中,您可以自由导入books.models

有关详细信息,请参阅docs

答案 2 :(得分:1)

你可以使用Django用来加载外键的相同机制,比如

user = models.ForeignKey('User')

怎么做:

from django.db.models.loading import get_model
Book = get_model('books', 'Book')

# which would achieve the same thing as
# from books.models import Book

get_model定义为:

def get_model(self, app_label, model_name, seed_cache=True): ...