我刚刚开始使用gprof来优化我的慢速代码。我对一个输出感到困惑,我希望你能帮助我。
这是:
0.01 0.46 500/500 System::Update() [2]
[3] 96.2 0.01 0.46 500 Verlet::Advance() [3]
0.02 0.19 61000/61122 CalculateAcceleration(std::vector<Particle, std::allocator<Particle> > const&, int) [4]
0.00 0.06 183000/244127 Vector3D::Vector3D() [8]
0.00 0.06 305000/676956 Vector3D::Vector3D(Vector3D const&) [6]
0.00 0.03 122000/122000 Particle::SetPosition(Vector3D const&) [18]
0.00 0.03 122000/122000 Particle::SetVelocity(Vector3D const&) [19]
0.02 0.01 183000/183000 Vector3D::LinearCombine(double, Vector3D, double) [23]
0.00 0.03 549000/921083 Vector3D::~Vector3D() [14]
0.00 0.00 122000/364484 Vector3D::AddToVector(Vector3D) [30]
0.00 0.00 61000/182242 std::pow(double, int) [44]
0.00 0.00 61000/303484 Vector3D::ScalarMultVector(double) [51]
0.00 0.00 61500/7579826 std::vector<Particle, std::allocator<Particle> >::size() const [25]
0.00 0.00 366000/366122 std::vector<Particle, std::allocator<Particle> >::operator[](unsigned int) [127]
0.00 0.00 122000/365606 Particle::GetPosition() const [128]
我正在运行该函数500次,而for循环的大小为122,因此61,000对应于每次运行一次执行,122,000对2,183,000到3,244,000到4和305,000到5.这是循环:
void Advance() {
for(int i = 0; i < (int)Particles.size(); i++) {
const Vector3D& CurrentR_NMinus1 = Particles[i].GetPosition();
const Vector3D& CurrentR_N = Particles1[i].GetPosition();
const Vector3D& CurrentA_N = CalculateAcceleration(Particles1,i);
// Calculate R_N+1
Vector3D CurrentR_NPlus1;
CurrentR_NPlus1.AddToVector(CurrentR_N);
CurrentR_NPlus1.LinearCombine(2, CurrentR_NMinus1, -1);
CurrentR_NPlus1.LinearCombine(1, CurrentA_N, pow(StepSize,2));
// Calculate V_N
Vector3D CurrentV_N;
CurrentV_N.AddToVector(CurrentR_NPlus1);
CurrentV_N.LinearCombine(1,CurrentR_NMinus1,-1);
CurrentV_N.ScalarMultVector(1/(2*StepSize));
// Update
Particles[i].SetPosition(CurrentR_N);
Particles[i].SetVelocity(CurrentV_N);
t0 += StepSize;
Particles1[i].SetPosition(CurrentR_NPlus1);
Particles1[i].SetVelocity(Vector3D());
t1 += StepSize;
}
}
所有条目对我都有意义,除了一个:Vector3D(Vector3D const&amp;)显然被调用了5次。但它在代码中没有任何地方!它的孩子肯定称之为,但我认为他们在gprof列表中有自己的条目。我思考的缺陷在哪里?它是否与Particles []成为Vector3Ds的载体有关?
很抱歉,如果这是一个显而易见的问题 - 我刚刚开始使用gprof,而且我也是C ++的新手。我还没能在网上找到答案,所以我希望你能帮助我。
非常感谢你的时间!
答案 0 :(得分:3)
对于类型为Vector3D的对象,这是copy constructor
。您可以隐式调用复制构造函数的一种情况是,您将现有实例按值作为参数传递给函数。我的猜测是在AddToVector
和SetPosition
以及SetVelocity
的调用中发生的,正如我在下面的评论中指出的那样,总共有5个电话。你可能很好奇为什么在你调用SetVelocity(Vector3D())时没有调用copy constructor
,如果你想知道,最好通过阅读这里的解释来解释:
Correct usage of rvalue references as parameters
const Vector3D& CurrentR_NMinus1 = Particles[i].GetPosition();
const Vector3D& CurrentR_N = Particles1[i].GetPosition();
const Vector3D& CurrentA_N = CalculateAcceleration(Particles1,i);
// Calculate R_N+1
Vector3D CurrentR_NPlus1;
CurrentR_NPlus1.AddToVector(CurrentR_N); // copy constructor called
CurrentR_NPlus1.LinearCombine(2, CurrentR_NMinus1, -1);
CurrentR_NPlus1.LinearCombine(1, CurrentA_N, pow(StepSize,2));
// Calculate V_N
Vector3D CurrentV_N;
CurrentV_N.AddToVector(CurrentR_NPlus1); // copy constructor called
CurrentV_N.LinearCombine(1,CurrentR_NMinus1,-1);
CurrentV_N.ScalarMultVector(1/(2*StepSize));
// Update
Particles[i].SetPosition(CurrentR_N); // copy constructor called
Particles[i].SetVelocity(CurrentV_N); // copy constructor called
t0 += StepSize;
Particles1[i].SetPosition(CurrentR_NPlus1); // copy constructor called
Particles1[i].SetVelocity(Vector3D());
t1 += StepSize;