更新了＃1：在此帖子末尾添加了更多信息
我是Android开发和测试的新手。
我有三次Espresso测试。第一次测试通过，但第二次测试不会运行，因为在第二次测试之前在setUp（）方法中调用getActivity（）总是失败：
块引用 java.lang.RuntimeException：无法在45秒内启动意图Intent {act = android.intent.action.MAIN flg = 0x10000000 cmp = my.packagename / .ActivityMain}。 ...
第三次测试通过。
我在创建时没有长时间运行的操作，动画或网络调用。我可以点击我的应用程序中的所有菜单项，手动重复测试流程而不会出现问题。
由于某种原因，第一次测试＆＃34;休息＆＃34;在第二次测试之前，在setUp（）中调用nextActivity（）。以下所有测试（在第二次测试后）都将运行正常。
我发现了similar问题，但看起来它没有得到解决，而且它有一些不同的问题。
测试代码：
import static com.google.android.apps.common.testing.ui.espresso.Espresso.onData;
import static com.google.android.apps.common.testing.ui.espresso.Espresso.onView;
import static com.google.android.apps.common.testing.ui.espresso.Espresso.openActionBarOverflowOrOptionsMenu;
import static com.google.android.apps.common.testing.ui.espresso.action.ViewActions.click;
import static com.google.android.apps.common.testing.ui.espresso.assertion.ViewAssertions.matches;
import static com.google.android.apps.common.testing.ui.espresso.matcher.ViewMatchers.isDisplayed;
import static com.google.android.apps.common.testing.ui.espresso.matcher.ViewMatchers.withId;
import static com.google.android.apps.common.testing.ui.espresso.matcher.ViewMatchers.withText;
import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.allOf;
import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.instanceOf;
import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.is;
import net.humblegames.bodylasticscalculator.ActivityMain;
import net.humblegames.bodylasticscalculator.R;
import net.humblegames.bodylasticscalculator.applogic.BandSystem;
import org.hamcrest.BaseMatcher;
import org.hamcrest.Description;
import org.hamcrest.Matcher;
import org.junit.After;
import org.junit.Before;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.test.ActivityInstrumentationTestCase2;
import android.util.Log;
public class MenuNavigationTestExperiment extends
ActivityInstrumentationTestCase2<ActivityMain> {
private String TAG = getClass().getSimpleName();
private Activity activity;
public MenuNavigationTestExperiment() {
super(ActivityMain.class);
}
@Before
public void setUp() throws Exception {
Log.d(TAG, "SETUP");
activity = getActivity();
super.setUp();
}
@After
public void tearDown() throws Exception {
Log.d(TAG, "TEARDOWN");
super.tearDown();
}
public void testFirst() {
Log.d(TAG, "testFirst");
clickMenuItem("Select band system");
onData(allOf(is(instanceOf(BandSystem.class)), hasName("MMA Training")))
.onChildView(withId(R.id.label)).perform(click());
clickMenuItem("About");
onView(withId(R.id.about_webview)).check(matches(isDisplayed()));
}
public void testSecond() {
Log.d(TAG, "testSecond");
// this test will not run
}
public void testThird() {
Log.d(TAG, "testThird");
// this test will pass
}
// ------------------ HELPER METHODS ---------------------------------------
private void clickMenuItem(String menuItem) {
Log.d(TAG, "clickMenuItem");
openActionBarOverflowOrOptionsMenu(getInstrumentation()
.getTargetContext());
onView(withText(menuItem)).perform(click());
}
private Matcher<BandSystem> hasName(final String name) {
Log.d(TAG, "hasName");
return new BaseMatcher<BandSystem>() {
@Override
public boolean matches(final Object item) {
final BandSystem foo = (BandSystem) item;
return name == foo.getName();
}
@Override
public void describeTo(final Description description) {
description.appendText("getName should return ").appendValue(
name);
}
};
}
}
错误追踪：
java.lang.RuntimeException: Could not launch intent Intent { act=android.intent.action.MAIN flg=0x10000000 cmp=net.humblegames.bodylasticscalculator/.ActivityMain } within 45 seconds. Perhaps the main thread has not gone idle within a reasonable amount of time? There could be an animation or something constantly repainting the screen. Or the activity is doing network calls on creation? See the threaddump logs. For your reference the last time the event queue was idle before your activity launch request was 1395582828351 and and now the last time the queue went idle was: 1395582830169. If these numbers are the same your activity might be hogging the event queue.
at com.google.android.apps.common.testing.testrunner.GoogleInstrumentation.startActivitySync(GoogleInstrumentation.java:277)
at android.test.InstrumentationTestCase.launchActivityWithIntent(InstrumentationTestCase.java:119)
at android.test.InstrumentationTestCase.launchActivity(InstrumentationTestCase.java:97)
at android.test.ActivityInstrumentationTestCase2.getActivity(ActivityInstrumentationTestCase2.java:104)
at net.humblegames.bodylasticscalculator.test.MenuNavigationTestExperiment.setUp(MenuNavigationTestExperiment.java:42)
at android.test.AndroidTestRunner.runTest(AndroidTestRunner.java:191)
at android.test.AndroidTestRunner.runTest(AndroidTestRunner.java:176)
at android.test.InstrumentationTestRunner.onStart(InstrumentationTestRunner.java:554)
at com.google.android.apps.common.testing.testrunner.GoogleInstrumentationTestRunner.onStart(GoogleInstrumentationTestRunner.java:167)
at android.app.Instrumentation$InstrumentationThread.run(Instrumentation.java:1701)
更新＃1
我为该项目创建了一个干净的eclipse项目和一个干净的Espresso测试。我在Espresso测试运行期间能够重现相同的错误（但我仍然不确定这个错误的原因在我的真实应用程序中是否相同）：
目标应用有3项活动（主要，第二，第三）。用户通过单击菜单项在它们之间导航：主要活动从第二个开始，第二个活动从第三个开始。
我发现如果我在第一次测试中调用clickMenuItem（）（见下文）和Thread.sleep（500），则会在第二次测试之前在getActivity（）调用中导致setUp（）崩溃。如果睡眠中的超时小于0.5秒，则不会发生崩溃。
同时如果调用Thread.sleep（10000）并且不调用clickMenuItem（），也不会发生崩溃。它将在第一次测试中成功睡眠10秒，并且还将通过第二次测试。
public class MainActivityTest extends
ActivityInstrumentationTestCase2<MainActivity> {
private String TAG = getClass().getSimpleName();
private Activity activity;
public MainActivityTest() {
super(MainActivity.class); }
public void setUp() throws Exception {
Log.d(TAG, "SETUP");
activity = getActivity();
super.setUp(); }
public void tearDown() throws Exception {
Log.d(TAG, "TEARDOWN");
super.tearDown(); }
public void testFirst() throws InterruptedException {
Log.d(TAG, "testFirst");
clickMenuItem("Start second activity");
clickMenuItem("Start third activity");
Thread.sleep(500);
}
public void testSecond() {
Log.d(TAG, "testSecond");
// this test will not run }
private void clickMenuItem(String menuItem) {
Log.d(TAG, "clickMenuItem");
openActionBarOverflowOrOptionsMenu(getInstrumentation()
.getTargetContext());
onView(withText(menuItem)).perform(click()); } }
主要活动：
public class MainActivity extends Activity {
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main); }
@Override
public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu) {
// Inflate the menu; this adds items to the action bar if it is present.
getMenuInflater().inflate(R.menu.main, menu);
return true; }
@Override
public boolean onOptionsItemSelected(MenuItem item) {
// Handle item selection
switch (item.getItemId()) {
case R.id.action_start_second_activity:
Intent intent = new Intent(this, SecondActivity.class);
startActivity(intent);
return true;
default:
return super.onOptionsItemSelected(item);
} } }
第二项活动：
public class SecondActivity extends Activity {
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_second); }
@Override
public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu) {
// Inflate the menu; this adds items to the action bar if it is present.
getMenuInflater().inflate(R.menu.second, menu);
return true; }
@Override
public boolean onOptionsItemSelected(MenuItem item) {
// Handle item selection
switch (item.getItemId()) {
case R.id.action_start_third_activity:
Intent intent = new Intent(this, ThirdActivity.class);
startActivity(intent);
return true;
default:
return super.onOptionsItemSelected(item);
} } }
第三项活动：
public class ThirdActivity extends Activity {
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_third); }
@Override
public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu) {
// Inflate the menu; this adds items to the action bar if it is present.
getMenuInflater().inflate(R.menu.third, menu);
return true; }
}
答案 0 :(得分：7)
我找到了解决方法。我添加了在tearDown（）方法中多次点击后退按钮的代码，以关闭所有先前打开的活动。不幸的是，我没有找到另一种方法如何关闭Espresso中所有已打开的活动。为此，Robotium有一个非常方便的方法solo.finishOpenedActivities（）。
public void tearDown() throws Exception {
Log.d(TAG, "TEARDOWN");
goBackN();
super.tearDown();
}
private void goBackN() {
final int N = 10; // how many times to hit back button
try {
for (int i = 0; i < N; i++)
Espresso.pressBack();
} catch (com.google.android.apps.common.testing.ui.espresso.NoActivityResumedException e) {
Log.e(TAG, "Closed all activities", e);
}
}
答案 1 :(得分：2)
pressBack解决方案对我没有用，但我发现了另一个：
@Override
protected void tearDown() throws Exception {
closeAllActivities(getInstrumentation());
super.tearDown();
}
public static void closeAllActivities(Instrumentation instrumentation) throws Exception {
final int NUMBER_OF_RETRIES = 100;
int i = 0;
while (closeActivity(instrumentation)) {
if (i++ > NUMBER_OF_RETRIES) {
throw new AssertionError("Limit of retries excesses");
}
Thread.sleep(200);
}
}
public static <X> X callOnMainSync(Instrumentation instrumentation, final Callable<X> callable) throws Exception {
final AtomicReference<X> retAtomic = new AtomicReference<>();
final AtomicReference<Throwable> exceptionAtomic = new AtomicReference<>();
instrumentation.runOnMainSync(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
try {
retAtomic.set(callable.call());
} catch (Throwable e) {
exceptionAtomic.set(e);
}
}
});
final Throwable exception = exceptionAtomic.get();
if (exception != null) {
Throwables.propagateIfInstanceOf(exception, Exception.class);
Throwables.propagate(exception);
}
return retAtomic.get();
}
public static Set<Activity> getActivitiesInStages(Stage... stages) {
final Set<Activity> activities = Sets.newHashSet();
final ActivityLifecycleMonitor instance = ActivityLifecycleMonitorRegistry.getInstance();
for (Stage stage : stages) {
final Collection<Activity> activitiesInStage = instance.getActivitiesInStage(stage);
if (activitiesInStage != null) {
activities.addAll(activitiesInStage);
}
}
return activities;
}
private static boolean closeActivity(Instrumentation instrumentation) throws Exception {
final Boolean activityClosed = callOnMainSync(instrumentation, new Callable<Boolean>() {
@Override
public Boolean call() throws Exception {
final Set<Activity> activities = getActivitiesInStages(Stage.RESUMED,
Stage.STARTED, Stage.PAUSED, Stage.STOPPED, Stage.CREATED);
activities.removeAll(getActivitiesInStages(Stage.DESTROYED));
if (activities.size() > 0) {
final Activity activity = activities.iterator().next();
activity.finish();
return true;
} else {
return false;
}
}
});
if (activityClosed) {
instrumentation.waitForIdleSync();
}
return activityClosed;
}
答案 2 :(得分：2)
这对我来说似乎可以关闭堆栈中除第一个之外的所有活动。
@After
@Override
public void tearDown() throws Exception
{
Intent intent = new Intent(getActivity(), getActivity().getClass());
intent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_CLEAR_TOP); // Removes other Activities from stack
intent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_SINGLE_TOP);
myActivity.startActivity(intent);
super.tearDown();
}
答案 3 :(得分：1)
尝试以下方法：
@Before
public void setUp() throws Exception {
super.setUp();
Log.d(TAG, "SETUP");
activity = getActivity();
}
答案 4 :(得分：-1)
它为我工作：
androidTestCompile ('com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-contrib:2.2'){
exclude group: 'com.android.support', module: 'appcompat'
exclude group: 'com.android.support', module: 'support-v4'
exclude module: 'recyclerview-v7'
}