Question

我有一个活动，其中我经历了几个片段。在每个片段中，我都有几个视图（EditText, ListView, Map等）。

如何保存当时显示的片段实例？当活动为onPause() --> onResume()时，我需要它才能工作。当我从另一个片段（从backstack弹出）返回时，我需要它才能工作。

从主Activity我调用第一个片段，然后从片段中调用下一个片段。

我的活动代码：

public class Activity_Main extends FragmentActivity{

public static Fragment_1 fragment_1;
public static Fragment_2 fragment_2;
public static Fragment_3 fragment_3;
public static FragmentManager fragmentManager;

@Override
 protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
    super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
    setContentView(R.layout.main);

     fragment_1 = new Fragment_1();

     fragment_2 = new Fragment_2();

     fragment_3 = new Fragment_3();

     fragmentManager = getSupportFragmentManager();
     FragmentTransaction transaction_1 = fragmentManager.beginTransaction();
     transaction_1.replace(R.id.content_frame, fragment_1);
     transaction_1.commit();
}}

然后这是我的一个片段的代码：

public class Fragment_1 extends Fragment {

      private EditText title;
      private Button go_next;


      @Override
      public View onCreateView(final LayoutInflater inflater,
        ViewGroup container, Bundle savedInstanceState) {

            View rootView = inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment_1,
            container, false);

            title = (EditText) rootView.findViewById(R.id.title);

            go_next = (Button) rootView.findViewById(R.id.go_next);

            image.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {

         @Override
         public void onClick(View v) {

                 FragmentTransaction transaction_2 = Activity_Main.fragmentManager
                .beginTransaction();

                 transaction_2.replace(R.id.content_frame,
                  Activity_Main.fragment_2);
                 transaction_2.addToBackStack(null);
                 transaction_2.commit();  

            });
        }}

我搜索了很多信息，但没有任何明确的信息。请问有人给出一个明确的解决方案和一个例子吗？

Answer 1

当片段移动到后台堆栈时，它不会被销毁。所有实例变量都保留在那里。所以这是保存数据的地方。在onActivityCreated中，您需要检查以下条件：

是捆绑！= null？如果是，则保存数据（可能是方向更改）。
是否有数据保存在实例变量中？如果是的话，从他们那里恢复你的状态（或者什么也不做，因为一切都是应该的）。
否则您的片段将首次显示，重新创建所有内容。

编辑：这是一个例子

public class ExampleFragment extends Fragment {
    private List<String> myData;

    @Override
    public void onSaveInstanceState(final Bundle outState) {
        super.onSaveInstanceState(outState);
        outState.putSerializable("list", (Serializable) myData);
    }

    @Override
    public void onActivityCreated(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onActivityCreated(savedInstanceState);

        if (savedInstanceState != null) {
            //probably orientation change
            myData = (List<String>) savedInstanceState.getSerializable("list");
        } else {
            if (myData != null) {
                //returning from backstack, data is fine, do nothing
            } else {
                //newly created, compute data
                myData = computeData();
            }
        }
    }
}

Answer 2

Android片段有一些优点和一些缺点。片段的最大缺点是，当您想要使用片段时，您可以创建片段。使用它时，每次都会调用片段的onCreateView。如果要保留片段中组件的状态，则必须保存片段状态，并且必须在下一个显示中加载其状态。这使片段视图有点慢和奇怪。

我找到了一个解决方案，并且我已经使用了这个解决方案：“一切都很棒。每个人都可以尝试”。

当第一次运行onCreateView时，将视图创建为全局变量。当第二次调用此片段onCreateView再次调用时，您可以返回此全局视图。将保留片段组件状态。

View view;

@Override
public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater,
        @Nullable ViewGroup container, @Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
    setActionBar(null);
    if (view != null) {
        if ((ViewGroup)view.getParent() != null)
            ((ViewGroup)view.getParent()).removeView(view);
        return view; 
    }
    view = inflater.inflate(R.layout.mylayout, container, false);
}

Answer 3

试试这个：

@Override
protected void onPause() {
    super.onPause();
    if (getSupportFragmentManager().findFragmentByTag("MyFragment") != null)
        getSupportFragmentManager().findFragmentByTag("MyFragment").setRetainInstance(true);
}

@Override
protected void onResume() {
    super.onResume();
    if (getSupportFragmentManager().findFragmentByTag("MyFragment") != null)
        getSupportFragmentManager().findFragmentByTag("MyFragment").getRetainInstance();
}

希望这会有所帮助。

此外，您可以将此内容写入清单文件中的活动代码：

  android:configChanges="orientation|screenSize"

祝你好运!!!

Answer 4

为了保存Fragment状态，您需要实现onSaveInstanceState()：＆＃34;与活动类似，您可以使用Bundle保留片段的状态，以防活动的进程被终止，并且您需要在重新创建活动时恢复片段状态。您可以在片段onSaveInstanceState()回调期间保存状态，并在onCreate()，onCreateView()或onActivityCreated()期间恢复该状态。有关保存状态的更多信息，请参阅活动文档。＆＃34;

http://developer.android.com/guide/components/fragments.html#Lifecycle

Answer 5

如上所述：Why use Fragment#setRetainInstance(boolean)?

你也可以像这样使用片段方法setRetainInstance(true)：

public class MyFragment extends Fragment {

    @Override
    public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        // keep the fragment and all its data across screen rotation
        setRetainInstance(true);

    }
}

Answer 6

您可以从fragmentManager获取当前的Fragment。如果片段管理器中没有它们，您可以创建Fragment_1

public class MainActivity extends FragmentActivity {


    public static Fragment_1 fragment_1;
    public static Fragment_2 fragment_2;
    public static Fragment_3 fragment_3;
    public static FragmentManager fragmentManager;


    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle arg0) {
        super.onCreate(arg0);
        setContentView(R.layout.main);

        fragment_1 = (Fragment_1) fragmentManager.findFragmentByTag("fragment1");

        fragment_2  =(Fragment_2) fragmentManager.findFragmentByTag("fragment2");

        fragment_3 = (Fragment_3) fragmentManager.findFragmentByTag("fragment3");


        if(fragment_1==null && fragment_2==null && fragment_3==null){           
            fragment_1 = new Fragment_1();          
            fragmentManager.beginTransaction().replace(R.id.content_frame, fragment_1, "fragment1").commit();
        }


    }


}

你也可以使用setRetainInstance来实现它会做什么忽略片段中的onDestroy()方法并且你的应用程序会回到地面并且os会杀死你的应用程序以分配更多你需要保存所有内存的内存onSaveInstanceState捆绑包

中需要的数据

public class Fragment_1 extends Fragment {


    private EditText title;
    private Button go_next;

    @Override
    public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setRetainInstance(true); //Will ignore onDestroy Method (Nested Fragments no need this if parent have it)
    }


    @Override
    public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container,
            Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        onRestoreInstanceStae(savedInstanceState);
        return super.onCreateView(inflater, container, savedInstanceState);
    }


    //Here you can restore saved data in onSaveInstanceState Bundle
    private void onRestoreInstanceState(Bundle savedInstanceState){
        if(savedInstanceState!=null){
            String SomeText = savedInstanceState.getString("title");            
        }
    }

    //Here you Save your data
    @Override
    public void onSaveInstanceState(Bundle outState) {
        super.onSaveInstanceState(outState);
        outState.putString("title", "Some Text");
    }

}

Answer 7

我不太确定这个问题是否仍然困扰着你，因为已经有好几个月了。但我想分享一下我是如何处理这个问题的。这是源代码：

int FLAG = 0;
private View rootView;
private LinearLayout parentView;

/**
 * The fragment argument representing the section number for this fragment.
 */
private static final String ARG_SECTION_NUMBER = "section_number";

/**
 * Returns a new instance of this fragment for the given section number.
 */
public static Fragment2 newInstance(Bundle bundle) {
    Fragment2 fragment = new Fragment2();
    Bundle args = bundle;
    fragment.setArguments(args);
    return fragment;
}

public Fragment2() {

}

@Override
public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container, Bundle savedInstanceState) {
    super.onCreateView(inflater, container, savedInstanceState);
    Log.e("onCreateView","onCreateView");
    if(FLAG!=12321){
        rootView = inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment_create_new_album, container, false);
        changeFLAG(12321);
    }       
    parentView=new LinearLayout(getActivity());
    parentView.addView(rootView);

    return parentView;
}

/* (non-Javadoc)
 * @see android.support.v4.app.Fragment#onDestroy()
 */
@Override
public void onDestroy() {
    // TODO Auto-generated method stub
    super.onDestroy();
    Log.e("onDestroy","onDestroy");
}

/* (non-Javadoc)
 * @see android.support.v4.app.Fragment#onStart()
 */
@Override
public void onStart() {
    // TODO Auto-generated method stub
    super.onStart();
    Log.e("onstart","onstart");
}

/* (non-Javadoc)
 * @see android.support.v4.app.Fragment#onStop()
 */
@Override
public void onStop() {
    // TODO Auto-generated method stub
    super.onStop();
    if(false){
        Bundle savedInstance=getArguments();
        LinearLayout viewParent;

        viewParent= (LinearLayout) rootView.getParent();
        viewParent.removeView(rootView);

    }
    parentView.removeView(rootView);

    Log.e("onStop","onstop");
}
@Override
public void onPause() {
    super.onPause();
    Log.e("onpause","onpause");
}

@Override
public void onResume() {
    super.onResume();
    Log.e("onResume","onResume");
}

这是MainActivity：

/**
 * Fragment managing the behaviors, interactions and presentation of the
 * navigation drawer.
 */
private NavigationDrawerFragment mNavigationDrawerFragment;

/**
 * Used to store the last screen title. For use in
 * {@link #restoreActionBar()}.
 */

public static boolean fragment2InstanceExists=false;
public static Fragment2 fragment2=null;

@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
    super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
    setRequestedOrientation(ActivityInfo.SCREEN_ORIENTATION_PORTRAIT);
    setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

    mNavigationDrawerFragment = (NavigationDrawerFragment) getSupportFragmentManager()
            .findFragmentById(R.id.navigation_drawer);
    mTitle = getTitle();

    // Set up the drawer.
    mNavigationDrawerFragment.setUp(R.id.navigation_drawer,
            (DrawerLayout) findViewById(R.id.drawer_layout));
}

@Override
public void onNavigationDrawerItemSelected(int position) {
    // update the main content by replacing fragments
    FragmentManager fragmentManager = getSupportFragmentManager();
    FragmentTransaction fragmentTransaction=fragmentManager.beginTransaction();
    switch(position){
    case 0:
        fragmentTransaction.addToBackStack(null);
        fragmentTransaction.replace(R.id.container, Fragment1.newInstance(position+1)).commit();
        break;
    case 1:

        Bundle bundle=new Bundle();
        bundle.putInt("source_of_create",CommonMethods.CREATE_FROM_ACTIVITY);

        if(!fragment2InstanceExists){
            fragment2=Fragment2.newInstance(bundle);
            fragment2InstanceExists=true;
        }
        fragmentTransaction.addToBackStack(null);
        fragmentTransaction.replace(R.id.container, fragment2).commit();

        break;
    case 2:
        fragmentTransaction.addToBackStack(null);
        fragmentTransaction.replace(R.id.container, FolderExplorerFragment.newInstance(position+1)).commit();
        break;
    default: 
        break;
    }
}

parentView是关键点。通常，在onCreateView时，我们只使用return rootView。但现在，我将rootView添加到parentView，然后返回parentView。要防止“指定的孩子已经有父母。你必须在...上调用removeView()”错误，我们需要调用parentView.removeView(rootView)，否则我提供的方法就没用了。我也想分享我是如何找到它的。首先，我设置一个布尔值来指示实例是否存在。当实例存在时，rootView将不会再次膨胀。但是后来，logcat给孩子已经有了父东西，所以我决定用另一个父亲作为中间父视图。这就是它的工作原理。

希望它对你有所帮助。

Answer 8

如果您使用底部工具栏并插入viewpager，则要设置自定义片段替换逻辑，以获取先前的保存状态，则可以使用以下代码进行操作

 String current_frag_tag = null;
 String prev_frag_tag = null;



    @Override
    public void onTabSelected(TabLayout.Tab tab) {
   

        switch (tab.getPosition()) {
            case 0:

                replaceFragment(new Fragment1(), "Fragment1");
                break;

            case 1:
                replaceFragment(new Fragment2(), "Fragment2");
                break;

            case 2:
                replaceFragment(new Fragment3(), "Fragment3");
                break;

            case 3:
               replaceFragment(new Fragment4(), "Fragment4");
                break;

            default:
                replaceFragment(new Fragment1(), "Fragment1");
                break;

        }

    public void replaceFragment(Fragment fragment, String tag) {
        if (current_frag_tag != null) {
            prev_frag_tag = current_frag_tag;
        }

        current_frag_tag = tag;


        FragmentManager manager = null;
        try {
            manager = requireActivity().getSupportFragmentManager();
            FragmentTransaction ft = manager.beginTransaction();

            if (manager.findFragmentByTag(current_frag_tag) == null) { // No fragment in backStack with same tag..
                ft.add(R.id.viewpagerLayout, fragment, current_frag_tag);

                if (prev_frag_tag != null) {
                    try {
                        ft.hide(Objects.requireNonNull(manager.findFragmentByTag(prev_frag_tag)));
                    } catch (NullPointerException e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                }
//            ft.show(manager.findFragmentByTag(current_frag_tag));
                ft.addToBackStack(current_frag_tag);
                ft.commit();

            } else {

                try {
                    ft.hide(Objects.requireNonNull(manager.findFragmentByTag(prev_frag_tag)))
                            .show(Objects.requireNonNull(manager.findFragmentByTag(current_frag_tag))).commit();
                } catch (NullPointerException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }




    }

您可以使用以下方法访问内部片段的碎片可见或不可见注意：您必须在子片段中实现以下方法

@Override
    public void onHiddenChanged(boolean hidden) {
        super.onHiddenChanged(hidden);

        try {
            if(hidden){
                adapter.getFragment(mainVideoBinding.viewPagerVideoMain.getCurrentItem()).onPause();
            }else{
                adapter.getFragment(mainVideoBinding.viewPagerVideoMain.getCurrentItem()).onResume();
            }
        }catch (Exception e){
       }

    }

Android - 保存/恢复片段状态

8 个答案: