我尝试将Unix命令输出重定向(写入)到子进程中的共享内存段, 然后让父进程从父进程中的同一共享内存段读回输出。经过几次徒劳的尝试后,我没有取得多少成功。有人能告诉我一个方法吗? 提前谢谢。
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/shm.h>
#define SHM_SIZE 1024
int main()
{
key_t key; int shmid; char* data;
pid_t cpid=fork();
if (cpid<0)
{
fprintf(stderr,"Fork error!\n");
exit (-1);
}
else if (cpid==0) // child process
{
if ((key = ftok("mysh.c", 'R')) == -1)
{
perror("ftok");
exit(1);
}
// Connect to shared memory
if ((shmid = shmget(key, SHM_SIZE, 0644 | IPC_CREAT)) == -1)
{
perror("shmget");
exit(1);
}
// Attach to the segment
data = shmat(shmid, (void *) 0, 0);
if (data == (char *) (-1))
{
perror("shmat");
exit(1);
}
system("ls -l");
// Stuck: How to redirect the output of "ls -l"
// to a shared memmory segment "data", so that parent process
// can retrieve it later?? Tried to
// do pipe and dup2 but none worked.
// Attempt via read?, but only garbage
read(STDIN_FILENO, data, SHM_SIZE);
}
else
{ // parent process
int st;
wait(&st);
printf("Output read from the child:\n");
if ((write(STDOUT_FILENO, data, SHM_SIZE)) < 0 )
{
perror("write 2");
exit(1);
}
}
}
======================
答案 0 :(得分:2)
system("ls -l");
// Stuck: How to redirect the output of "ls -l"
// to a shared memmory segment "data", so that parent process
// can retrieve it later?? Tried to
// do pipe and dup2 but none worked.
出于测试目的,我建议您阅读stdin
,然后将其写入data
。
以下是使用POSIX共享内存(POSIX IPC API优于SYSV IPC API)的示例,该子类从stdin
读取到共享内存区域,并且父级将此共享内存区域的内容写入{ {1}}:
stdout
注意:在这种情况下,这两个#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/mman.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <semaphore.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
int
main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
const char *shm_name = "/dummy_cat_shm";
int shm_fd;
off_t shm_length;
const char *read_sem_name = "/dummy_cat_read";
const char *write_sem_name = "/dummy_cat_write";
sem_t *read_sem, *write_sem;
pid_t pid;
int buf_length;
char *write_ptr, *read_ptr;
buf_length = 1024;
shm_length = sizeof(buf_length) + buf_length;
/* Create semaphore */
read_sem = sem_open(read_sem_name, O_RDWR | O_CREAT, S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR, 0);
if (read_sem == SEM_FAILED) {
perror("sem_open");
goto clean_up3;
}
write_sem = sem_open(write_sem_name, O_RDWR | O_CREAT, S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR, 1);
if (write_sem == SEM_FAILED) {
perror("sem_open");
goto clean_up2;
}
/* Create shared memory segment */
shm_fd = shm_open(shm_name, O_RDWR | O_CREAT, S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR);
if (shm_fd < 0) {
perror("shm_open");
goto clean_up1;
}
if (ftruncate(shm_fd, shm_length) < 0) {
perror("ftruncate");
goto clean_up0;
}
if ((pid = fork()) < 0) {
perror("fork");
goto clean_up0;
}
else if (pid == 0) {
write_ptr = mmap(NULL, shm_length, PROT_WRITE, MAP_SHARED, shm_fd, 0);
if (write_ptr == MAP_FAILED) {
perror("mmap");
goto clean_up0;
}
char *buf = write_ptr+sizeof(buf_length);
while (sem_wait(write_sem) == 0) {
if (fgets(buf, buf_length, stdin) != NULL) {
*(int *)write_ptr = 1;
sem_post(read_sem);
}
else {
*(int *)write_ptr = 0;
sem_post(read_sem);
break;
}
}
munmap(write_ptr, shm_length);
}
else {
read_ptr = mmap(NULL, shm_length, PROT_READ, MAP_SHARED, shm_fd, 0);
if (read_ptr == MAP_FAILED) {
perror("mmap");
goto clean_up0;
}
char *buf = read_ptr + sizeof(buf_length);
while (sem_wait(read_sem) == 0) {
if (*(int *)read_ptr > 0) {
printf("%s", buf);
sem_post(write_sem);
}
else {
break;
}
}
munmap(read_ptr, shm_length);
}
clean_up0:
shm_unlink(shm_name);
clean_up1:
sem_unlink(write_sem_name);
clean_up2:
sem_unlink(read_sem_name);
clean_up3:
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
可以放在mmap()
之前。
编译:
fork()
运行:
gcc shm_exp.c -pthread -lrt
答案 1 :(得分:1)
如何重定向ls -l </ strong>
的stdout我们必须更多地了解此代码中涉及的进程(父级和子级)。 程序在运行期间创建了多少个进程? 正确答案是 - 三。 两个进程是父进程和显式分叉子进程。 第三个是由系统(“ls -l”)调用创建的。 此函数隐式地分叉执行(通过调用exec系列函数)“ls -l”sell命令的另一个进程。您需要重定向的是 system()函数创建的子进程的输出。很遗憾,但 system()并未在参与者之间建立IPC。如果需要使用输出进行操作,请不要使用system()。
我同意@leeduhem, popen()可能是最好的方法。 它与 system()完全相同,即分叉新进程并执行“ls -l”。 此外,它还在参与者之间建立了一个管道IPC,因此很容易捕获子输出并随意使用它:
char buff[1024];
FILE *fd;
// instead of system("ls -l")
fd = popen("ls -l", "r");
// check for errors
while(fgets(buff, sizeof(buff), fd) != NULL)
{
// write to the shared memory
}
pclose(fd);
如果您不想使用 popen()功能,您可以编写类似的功能。 一般方法是