当您在C ++中定义模板(带有类型参数)时,您可以实际传递一个指向类型的指针,例如:
MyClass<Foo*>... // edited
我想知道这是否真的使用过?因为这个问题太广泛了,让我们关注核心C ++,意思是 - 它是用在 STL还是Boost ?如果是(在STL / Boost中)是出于什么目的?
请注意我要求将指针作为参数传递(来自OUTSIDE)。使用指针传递参数INSIDE模板是另一个故事,我不会问这个问题。
传递指针和使用指针之间的区别。
看看那些帖子: How is vector implemented in C++和 passing pointer type to template argument。
myname<char*>(...
myname
是一个功能。传递给模板的类型(模板,而不是函数)是指向char
的指针。
现在,使用指针内部:
template <class T...
class vector {
private:
T* data_;
你传递int
(例如),但没有什么能阻止使用指针的模板。
我对第一个案件感兴趣,而不是第二个案件。
答案 0 :(得分:2)
就像我评论的那样,我记得一个用例,其中函数将按其实际地址注册为事件回调。
这样,将为注册的每个成员函数静态生成调用成员函数的trampoline函数。
我不确定这是我实际可以使用的东西,但它确实展示了一种(设计的)方法,其中指向函数的指针模板参数可以使用。
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
const static auto null = nullptr;
template<typename TFuncSignature>
class Callback;
template<typename R, typename A1>
class Callback<R (A1)> {
public:
typedef R (*TFunc)(void*, A1);
Callback() : obj(0), func(0) {}
Callback(void* o, TFunc f) : obj(o), func(f) {}
R operator()(A1 a1) const {
return (*func)(obj, a1);
}
typedef void* Callback::*SafeBoolType;
operator SafeBoolType () const {
return func != 0? &Callback::obj : 0;
}
bool operator! () const {
return func == 0;
}
bool operator== ( const Callback<R (A1)>& right ) const {
return obj == right.obj && func == right.func;
}
bool operator!= ( const Callback<R (A1)>& right ) const {
return obj != right.obj || func != right.func;
}
private:
void* obj;
TFunc func;
};
template<typename R, class T, typename A1>
struct DeduceMemCallbackTag {
template<R (T::*Func)(A1)>
static R Wrapper(void* o, A1 a1) {
return (static_cast<T*>(o)->*Func)(a1);
}
template<R (T::*Func)(A1)>
inline static Callback<R (A1)> Bind(T* o) {
return Callback<R (A1)>(o, &DeduceMemCallbackTag::Wrapper<Func>);
}
};
template<typename R, typename A1>
struct DeduceStaticCallbackTag {
template<R (*Func)(A1)>
static R Wrapper(void*, A1 a1) {
return (*Func)(a1);
}
template<R (*Func)(A1)>
inline static Callback<R (A1)> Bind( ) {
return Callback<R (A1)>( 0, &DeduceStaticCallbackTag::Wrapper<Func> );
}
};
template<typename R, class T, typename A1>
DeduceMemCallbackTag<R, T, A1> DeduceMemCallback(R (T::*)(A1)) {
return DeduceMemCallbackTag<R, T, A1>();
}
template<typename R, typename A1>
DeduceStaticCallbackTag<R, A1> DeduceStaticCallback(R (*)(A1)) {
return DeduceStaticCallbackTag<R, A1>();
}
template <typename T1> class Event {
public:
typedef void(* TSignature)( T1 );
typedef Callback<void( T1 )> TCallback;
protected:
std::vector<TCallback> invocations;
std::vector<Event<T1>*> events;
public:
const static int ExpectedFunctorCount = 2;
Event () : invocations(), events() {
invocations.reserve( ExpectedFunctorCount );
events.reserve( ExpectedFunctorCount );
}
template <void (* TFunc)(T1)> void Add ( ) {
TCallback c = DeduceStaticCallback( TFunc ).template Bind< TFunc >( );
invocations.push_back( c );
}
template <typename T, void (T::* TFunc)(T1)> void Add ( T& object ) {
Add<T, TFunc>( &object );
}
template <typename T, void (T::* TFunc)(T1)> void Add ( T* object ) {
TCallback c = DeduceMemCallback( TFunc ).template Bind< TFunc >( object );
invocations.push_back( c );
}
void Invoke ( T1 t1 ) {
size_t i;
for ( i = 0; i < invocations.size(); ++i ) {
invocations[i]( t1 );
}
for ( i = 0; i < events.size(); ++i ) {
(*events[i])( t1 );
}
}
void operator() ( T1 t1 ) {
Invoke( t1 );
}
size_t InvocationCount ( ) {
return events.size( ) + invocations.size( );
}
template <void (* TFunc)(T1)> bool Remove ( ) {
TCallback target = DeduceStaticCallback( TFunc ).template Bind< TFunc >( );
for ( size_t i = 0; i < invocations.size(); ++i ) {
TCallback& inv = invocations[i];
if ( target == inv ) {
invocations.erase( invocations.begin() + i );
return true;
}
}
return false;
}
template <typename T, void (T::* TFunc)(T1)> bool Remove ( T& object ) {
return Remove<T, TFunc>( &object );
}
template <typename T, void (T::* TFunc)(T1)> bool Remove ( T* object ) {
TCallback target = DeduceMemCallback( TFunc ).template Bind< TFunc >( object );
for ( size_t i = 0; i < invocations.size(); ++i ) {
TCallback& inv = invocations[i];
if ( target == inv ) {
invocations.erase( invocations.begin() + i );
return true;
}
}
return false;
}
};
namespace IntStatic {
void VoidTest () { std::cout << "INTO THE VOID" << std::endl; }
void IntTest (int num) { std::cout << "Got myself a " << num << " !" << std::endl; }
void IntTest2 (int num) { std::cout << "Now _I_ Got myself a " << num << " !" << std::endl; }
}
struct Int {
void Test (int num) { std::cout << num << " on the inside of a class... ?" << std::endl; }
void Test2 (int num) { std::cout << num << " on the inside of a struct, yo !" << std::endl; }
static void Test3(int snum) { std::cout << snum << " on the inside of a class... ?" << std::endl; }
};
int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {
Event<int> intev;
Int i;
intev.Add<Int, &Int::Test>(i);
intev.Add<&IntStatic::IntTest>();
intev.Add<&IntStatic::IntTest2>();
//intev.Add( Int::Test3 );
intev(20);
intev.Remove<&IntStatic::IntTest>();
intev.Remove<&IntStatic::IntTest>();
intev.Remove<Int, &Int::Test>(i);
//intev.Remove( Int::Test3 );
//intev.Remove( i, &Int::Test );
intev(20);
return 0;
}
实际代码由@ThePhD着名,归功于他。见 Live on Coliru
答案 1 :(得分:2)
指针只是一种类型,因此您可以使用some_template<T>
的任何地方使用some_template<T*>
基于STL的标准库部分在许多地方使用std::iterator_traits<Iter>
,Iter
可能是指针类型。
std::unique_ptr<T, D>
的某些实现使用类型std::tuple<T*, D>
的数据成员(例如,这适用于GCC的实现,但这是一个您不应该关心的实现细节。)< / p>
答案 2 :(得分:2)
您可以通过专业化具有不同的语义,例如:
template <typename T> struct referred_sizeof {
static constexpr size_t value = sizeof(T);
};
现在,这可能是专门的:
template <typename T> struct referred_sizeof<T*> {
static constexpr size_t value = sizeof(T);
};
template <typename T> struct referred_sizeof <boost::optional<T*> > {
static constexpr size_t value = sizeof(boost::optional<T*>) + sizeof(T);
};
这导致了这种行为:
static_assert(referred_sizeof <int>::value == referred_sizeof <int*>::value, "passes");
此应用程序是其他人在评论中提到的实现 traits classes 。
的应用程序完整示例,为boost::tuple<...>
添加专业化只是为了好玩:看到它 Live On Coliru
int main()
{
report<double>();
report<double *>();
report<boost::optional<double> >();
report<boost::optional<double> *>();
report<boost::optional<double *> *>();
report<boost::tuple<boost::optional<double *> *, double> >();
}
打印
void report() [with T = double]: referred_sizeof is 8
void report() [with T = double*]: referred_sizeof is 8
void report() [with T = boost::optional<double>]: referred_sizeof is 16
void report() [with T = boost::optional<double>*]: referred_sizeof is 16
void report() [with T = boost::optional<double*>*]: referred_sizeof is 24
void report() [with T = boost::tuples::tuple<boost::optional<double*>*, double>]: referred_sizeof is 40
#include <iostream>
#include <boost/optional.hpp>
#include <boost/tuple/tuple.hpp>
template <typename... Ts> struct referred_sizeof;
// base cases
template <typename T> struct referred_sizeof<T> {
static constexpr size_t value = sizeof(T);
};
template <typename T> struct referred_sizeof<T*> {
static constexpr size_t value = referred_sizeof<T>::value;
};
template <typename T> struct referred_sizeof<boost::optional<T*> > {
static constexpr size_t value = sizeof(boost::optional<T*>) + referred_sizeof<T>::value;
};
template <typename... Ts> struct referred_sizeof<boost::tuple<Ts...> > {
static constexpr size_t value = referred_sizeof<Ts...>::value; // TODO take into account padding/alignment overhead?
};
static_assert(referred_sizeof<int>::value == referred_sizeof<int*>::value, "passes");
template <typename T1, typename... Ts> struct referred_sizeof<T1, Ts...> {
static constexpr size_t value = referred_sizeof<T1>::value + referred_sizeof<Ts...>::value;
};
template <typename T>
void report()
{
std::cout << __PRETTY_FUNCTION__ << ": referred_sizeof is " << referred_sizeof<T>::value << "\n";
}