在Python中,使用此函数(东部标准时间(EST)为am / pm,应以3种时间格式输出。中央时间(CT),山地时间(MT)和太平洋时间(PT)全部在正确的上午/下午):
def time_in_24h(time,time_day): #time is eastern time
''' (number, str)--> number
This function converts a 12-hour time, represented by am/pm,to its equivalent 24-hour time.
Returns time in the 24-hour format.
'''
cCentral = 'Central Time(CT)' #-1 hour offset
mMountain = 'Mountain Time(MT)'#-2 hours offset
pPacific = 'Pacific Time(PT)'#-3 hours offset
eEst = 'EST is'
if time_day!='pm' and time_day!='am':
print('Input is not in the right format') #this is where input is not in the right format
return 0
else:
print(time, time_day, eEst, time-1, cCentral)
print(time, time_day, eEst, time-2, mMountain)
print(time, time_day, eEst, time-3, pPacific)
使用此命令:
time_in_24h(7,'am')
我得到了这个输出:
7 am EST is 6 Central Time(CT)
7 am EST is 5 Mountain Time(MT)
7 am EST is 4 Pacific Time(PT)
我正在尝试根据EST的输入,上午/下午到中央时间(CT),山地时间(MT)和太平洋时间(PT)输出正确的3次,所有这些都在正确的上午/下午。如何根据偏移量输出正确的上午/下午?例如,美国东部时间下午2点输入,应输出:
1 pm EST is 12 pm Central Time(CT)
1 pm EST is 11 am Mountain Time(MT)
1 pm EST is 10 am Pacific Time(PT)
如您所见,pm / am根据偏移进行更改并且不一致。根据时间(上午/下午)变化,最好的处理方法是什么?任何用python构建的东西都可以解决这个问题吗?解决我的两难困境?我全力以赴,真的坚持了这一点。
答案 0 :(得分:2)
如果您正在谈论时区,那么除了时间之外,您还必须指定日期(年,月,日)。
将给定的hours
和am_or_pm
转换为其他时区:
time_in_24h
不应该尝试做太多。让它做它的名字所暗示的,即:将输入小时数,上午或下午转换为24小时格式:
def time_in_24h(hours, am_or_pm):
"""Convert to 24 hours."""
if not (1 <= hours <= 12):
raise ValueError("hours must be in 01,..,12 range, got %r" % (hours,))
hours %= 12 # accept 12am as 00, and 12pm as 12
am_or_pm = am_or_pm.lower()
if am_or_pm == 'am':
pass
elif am_or_pm == 'pm':
hours += 12
else:
raise ValueError("am_or_pm must be 'am' or 'pm', got: %r" % (am_or_pm,))
return hours
您也可以使用strptime()
实现它:
from datetime import datetime
def time_in_24h(hours, am_or_pm):
return datetime.strptime("%02d%s" % (hours, am_or_pm), '%I%p').hour
然后你可以定义print_times()
函数,在3个不同的时区中打印时间:
from datetime import datetime, time
import pytz
def astimezone(aware_dt, dest_tz):
"""Convert the time to `dest_tz` timezone"""
return dest_tz.normalize(aware_dt.astimezone(dest_tz))
def print_times(hours, am_or_pm, date=None, is_dst=None):
source_tz = pytz.timezone('US/Eastern')
# 2. add date
if date is None: # if date is not specified; use today
date = datetime.now(source_tz).date()
naive_dt = datetime.combine(date, time(time_in_24h(hours, am_or_pm), 0, 0))
# 3. create timezone-aware datetime object in the source timezone
source_dt = source_tz.localize(naive_dt, is_dst=is_dst)
#NOTE: these timezone names are deprecated,
# use Continent/City format instead
fmt = '%I %p %Z'
for tzname in 'US/Central', 'US/Mountain', 'US/Pacific':
dest_dt = astimezone(source_dt, pytz.timezone(tzname))
print("{source_dt:{fmt}} is {dest_dt:{fmt}} ({tzname})".format(
**locals()))
正确指定日期非常重要,否则您将无法知道正确的UTC偏移。该代码使用pytz
模块来访问时区信息。 strftime()
format codes用于打印。
示例:
>>> print_times(7, 'am')
07 AM EDT is 06 AM CDT (US/Central)
07 AM EDT is 05 AM MDT (US/Mountain)
07 AM EDT is 04 AM PDT (US/Pacific)
>>> print_times(1, 'pm')
01 PM EDT is 12 PM CDT (US/Central)
01 PM EDT is 11 AM MDT (US/Mountain)
01 PM EDT is 10 AM PDT (US/Pacific)
>>> print_times(9, 'pm')
09 PM EDT is 08 PM CDT (US/Central)
09 PM EDT is 07 PM MDT (US/Mountain)
09 PM EDT is 06 PM PDT (US/Pacific)
特别说明:
datetime.now(source_tz)
允许在给定时区内获取正确的当前时间。如果本地时区不是datetime.now()
source_tz
将不正确
is_dst=None
表示tz.localize()
方法针对模糊或不存在的本地时间引发异常。否则,它只是默认为is_dst=False
,可能不是您想要的tz.normalize()
答案 1 :(得分:1)
对于Central,只需检查东部时间是否是下午12点。如果是,则调整到上午11点。同样,如果东部是午夜,则调整到(11)pm。它需要一些if
s,但你可以做到。
问题是,它仍然是错误的。日期时间数学很难,你已经忘记了夏令时。
通常,每年一次,东部时间(美国东部时间)凌晨1点,中部时间凌晨1点(CDT)。 (同样,它在东部时间凌晨3点,中部时间凌晨1点。)
根据您的功能目前所需的输入量,您无法解释这一点:您需要知道完整的日期和时间。完成后,最简单的方法是将完整的东部(美国/纽约)日期和时间转换为UTC,然后将其转换为中央(美国/芝加哥),山地(美国/丹佛)和太平洋(美国/ Los_Angeles)。
America / ...位是大多数机器上的TZ数据库使用的时区的名称。 America / New_York是&#34; Eastern&#34; time:它指定DST何时,何时不是,以及与UTC的偏移量是多少。它甚至有历史数据,作为夏令时开始的日期和时间。结束了。 (在全球范围内,实际上经常发生变化。政府......)
首先,让我们得到两个辅助函数:to_24hour
,将(hour, ampm)
转换为24小时格式,to_12hour
,将其转换为另一种方式。这些将使事情更容易思考,因为我们可以在24小时内更轻松地进行减法。
def to_24hour(hour, ampm):
"""Convert a 12-hour time and "am" or "pm" to a 24-hour value."""
if ampm == 'am':
return 0 if hour == 12 else hour
else:
return 12 if hour == 12 else hour + 12
def to_12hour(hour):
"""Convert a 24-hour clock value to a 12-hour one."""
if hour == 0:
return (12, 'am')
elif hour < 12:
return (hour, 'am')
elif hour == 12:
return (12, 'pm')
else:
return (hour - 12, 'pm')
一旦我们拥有了这些,事情会变得更简单:
def time_in_24h(time,time_day): #time is eastern time
''' (number, str)--> number
This function converts a 12-hour time, represented by am/pm,to its equivalent 24-hour time.
Returns time in the 24-hour format.
'''
cCentral = 'Central Time(CT)' #-1 hour offset
mMountain = 'Mountain Time(MT)'#-2 hours offset
pPacific = 'Pacific Time(PT)'#-3 hours offset
eEst = 'EST is'
if time_day!='pm' and time_day!='am':
print('Input is not in the right format') #this is where input is not in the right format
return 0
else:
est_24hour = to_24hour(time, time_day)
hour, ampm = to_12hour((est_24hour - 1 + 24) % 24)
print(time, time_day, eEst, hour, ampm, cCentral)
hour, ampm = to_12hour((est_24hour - 2 + 24) % 24)
print(time, time_day, eEst, hour, ampm, mMountain)
hour, ampm = to_12hour((est_24hour - 3 + 24) % 24)
print(time, time_day, eEst, hour, ampm, pPacific)
......进行这些调整:
>>> time_in_24h(1, 'pm')
1 pm EST is 12 pm Central Time(CT)
1 pm EST is 11 am Mountain Time(MT)
1 pm EST is 10 am Pacific Time(PT)
最后一点。你的文档字符串是:
(number,str) - &gt;编号
此功能将12小时的时间(以上午/下午为单位)转换为等效的24小时时间。
以24小时格式返回时间。
这当然是to_24hour
所做的。
Python对时区没有任何帮助;贾斯汀巴伯在一个单独的答案中建议pytz
;这是一个不错的选择。
如果我们知道在东部有一些日期或时间:
now = datetime.datetime(2014, 3, 14, 12, 34)
抓住时区:
et = pytz.timezone('America/New_York')
ct = pytz.timezone('America/Chicago')
mt = pytz.timezone('America/Denver')
pt = pytz.timezone('America/Los_Angeles')
我们可以转换为Central和其他人:
now_et = et.normalize(et.localize(now))
now_ct = ct.normalize(now_et.astimezone(ct))
now_mt = mt.normalize(now_et.astimezone(mt))
now_pt = pt.normalize(now_et.astimezone(pt))
(正如评论所述,pytz
奇怪地需要在更改可能越过DST边界时调用normalize
,这基本上就是你所做的事情。)
然后:
print('{} Eastern in various other timezones:'.format(now_et.strftime('%I %p')))
print('Central : {}'.format(now_ct.strftime('%I %p')))
print('Mountain: {}'.format(now_mt.strftime('%I %p')))
print('Pacific : {}'.format(now_pt.strftime('%I %p')))
答案 2 :(得分:1)
您可以尝试pytz
。您可以使用pip install pytz
进行安装。您可以使用normalize
方法(基于the docs)执行此类操作:
>>> from datetime import datetime
>>> from pytz import timezone
>>> import pytz
>>> central = timezone('US/Central')
>>> mountain = timezone('US/Mountain')
>>> mountain_date = mountain.localize(datetime.now()) # set time as right now mountain time
>>> fmt = '%Y-%m-%d %I:%M:%S %p'
>>> central_date = central.normalize(mountain_date.astimezone(central))
>>> print central_date.strftime(fmt), central, 'is', mountain_date.strftime(fmt), mountain
2014-03-15 07:29:17 PM US/Mountain is 2014-03-15 08:29:17 PM US/Central
所以你的功能最终会看起来像这样:
>>> def time_in_24h(hour, am_pm):
"""hour is an integer that represents eastern time on the 12-hour clock, and am_pm
will take any string that begins with 'a' or 'p'"""
if not am_pm.lower().startswith(('a', 'p')): # return None if am_pm does not start with 'a' or 'p'
return
central = timezone('US/Central')
mountain = timezone('US/Mountain')
pacific = timezone('US/Pacific')
eastern = timezone('US/Eastern')
if hour == 12:
mod_hour = 0 if am_pm.lower().startswith('a') else 12
else:
mod_hour = hour + 12 if am_pm.lower().startswith('p') else hour # add 12 if am_pm starts with 'p', but keep original hour for display purposes
fmt = '%H:%M %p'
eastern_time = eastern.localize(datetime(1900, 1, 2, mod_hour))
for tz in (central, mountain, pacific):
d = tz.normalize(eastern_time.astimezone(tz))
print hour, am_pm, 'EST is', d.strftime(fmt), tz # tz displays as pytz timezone; can change
>>> time_in_24h(1, 'am')
1 am EST is 00:00 AM US/Central
1 am EST is 23:00 PM US/Mountain
1 am EST is 22:00 PM US/Pacific
>>> time_in_24h(9, 'pm')
9 pm EST is 20:00 PM US/Central
9 pm EST is 19:00 PM US/Mountain
9 pm EST is 18:00 PM US/Pacific