今天我被安排在一个位置,我需要列举所有可能的锯齿状列表组合。例如,一种天真的方法是:
for a in [1,2,3]:
for b in [4,5,6,7,8,9]:
for c in [1,2]:
yield (a,b,c)
这是功能性的,但在可以使用的列表数量方面不是通用的。这是一个更通用的方法:
from numpy import zeros, array, nonzero, max
make_subset = lambda x,y: [x[i][j] for i,j in enumerate(y)]
def combinations(items):
num_items = [len(i) - 1 for i in items]
state = zeros(len(items), dtype=int)
finished = array(num_items, dtype=int)
yield grab_items(items, state)
while True:
if state[-1] != num_items[-1]:
state[-1] += 1
yield make_subset(items, state)
else:
incrementable = nonzero(state != finished)[0]
if not len(incrementable):
raise StopIteration
rightmost = max(incrementable)
state[rightmost] += 1
state[rightmost+1:] = 0
yield make_subset(items, state)
有关针对上述方法的更好方法或理由的任何建议吗?
答案 0 :(得分:6)
天真的方法可以更紧凑地编写为生成器表达式:
((a,b,c) for a in [1,2,3] for b in [4,5,6,7,8,9] for c in [1,2])
使用递归函数可以更简单地编写一般方法:
def combinations(*seqs):
if not seqs: return (item for item in ())
first, rest = seqs[0], seqs[1:]
if not rest: return ((item,) for item in first)
return ((item,) + items for item in first for items in combinations(*rest))
样本用法:
>>> for pair in combinations('abc', [1,2,3]):
... print pair
...
('a', 1)
('a', 2)
('a', 3)
('b', 1)
('b', 2)
('b', 3)
('c', 1)
('c', 2)
('c', 3)