我刚刚写了一个小程序，每隔几分钟从flickr下载一个新壁纸。
现在我想添加“喜欢”壁纸的功能，所以它会比非喜欢或不喜欢的壁纸更频繁地出现。
我想为此功能指定全局键盘快捷键。
例如：如果按ctrl + 7，它将在Python中执行某种“喜欢”的功能。
是否有任何库（在JavaScript中，例如，我可以使用shortcut("ctrl-b", someFunction);定义快捷方式的库）
否则，我该怎么做呢？我见过this similar SO question，但它已经过时了。
答案 0 :(得分：6)
我不知道任何旨在扩展的库。然而，正如你的链接所说，pykeylogger的后端提供了一个如何做到的例子，但它似乎有点过于复杂，你需要。
pykeylogger使用python-xlib模块捕获X显示上的按键。有人已经在pastebin上创建了一个更轻松的例子。以下是按原样复制的来源。
from Xlib.display import Display
from Xlib import X
from Xlib.ext import record
from Xlib.protocol import rq
disp = None
def handler(reply):
""" This function is called when a xlib event is fired """
data = reply.data
while len(data):
event, data = rq.EventField(None).parse_binary_value(data, disp.display, None, None)
# KEYCODE IS FOUND USERING event.detail
print event.detail
if event.type == X.KeyPress:
# BUTTON PRESSED
print "pressed"
elif event.type == X.KeyRelease:
# BUTTON RELEASED
print "released"
# get current display
disp = Display()
root = disp.screen().root
# Monitor keypress and button press
ctx = disp.record_create_context(
0,
[record.AllClients],
[{
'core_requests': (0, 0),
'core_replies': (0, 0),
'ext_requests': (0, 0, 0, 0),
'ext_replies': (0, 0, 0, 0),
'delivered_events': (0, 0),
'device_events': (X.KeyReleaseMask, X.ButtonReleaseMask),
'errors': (0, 0),
'client_started': False,
'client_died': False,
}])
disp.record_enable_context(ctx, handler)
disp.record_free_context(ctx)
while 1:
# Infinite wait, doesn't do anything as no events are grabbed
event = root.display.next_event()
您必须扩展处理程序以满足您的需要，而不是仅仅打印到屏幕，然后将其转换为单独的线程。
（痛苦）替代方案是直接听键盘，而不依赖于外部库或X会话。在linux中，所有内容都是一个文件，您可以在后台将keyboard input will be in /dev/input作为文件读取，例如open('/dev/input/even2', 'rb')。这不建议，因为它需要升级权限，找出哪个设备是键盘，然后创建自己的键映射。只是想让你知道必要时有什么可能。
编辑：还找到Global keybinding on X using Python gtk3，它似乎有更多示例优点。
答案 1 :(得分：4)
对于那些想要查看我最终使用的代码的人，我提出了一点要点right here.
每台计算机的密钥代码可能略有不同。此外，我迅速编写的keylistener类不受各种可能发生的问题的保护。再说一遍，它对我来说效果很好。
答案 2 :(得分：1)
这是一个更清洁的版本，它也解码和打印键名，而不仅仅是数字：
#!/usr/bin/env python2
# Captures all keyboard and mouse events, including modifiers
# Adapted from http://stackoverflow.com/questions/22367358/
# Requires python-xlib
from Xlib.display import Display
from Xlib import X, XK
from Xlib.ext import record
from Xlib.protocol import rq
class Listener:
def __init__(self):
self.disp = None
self.keys_down = set()
def keycode_to_key(self, keycode, state):
i = 0
if state & X.ShiftMask:
i += 1
if state & X.Mod1Mask:
i += 2
return self.disp.keycode_to_keysym(keycode, i)
def key_to_string(self, key):
keys = []
for name in dir(XK):
if name.startswith("XK_") and getattr(XK, name) == key:
keys.append(name.lstrip("XK_").replace("_L", "").replace("_R", ""))
if keys:
return " or ".join(keys)
return "[%d]" % key
def keycode_to_string(self, keycode, state):
return self.key_to_string(self.keycode_to_key(keycode, state))
def mouse_to_string(self, code):
if code == X.Button1:
return "Button1"
elif code == X.Button2:
return "Button2"
elif code == X.Button3:
return "Button3"
elif code == X.Button4:
return "Button4"
elif code == X.Button5:
return "Button5"
else:
return "{%d}" % code
def down(self, key):
self.keys_down.add(key)
self.print_keys()
def up(self, key):
if key in self.keys_down:
self.keys_down.remove(key)
self.print_keys()
def print_keys(self):
keys = list(self.keys_down)
print "Currently pressed:", ", ".join(keys)
def event_handler(self, reply):
data = reply.data
while data:
event, data = rq.EventField(None).parse_binary_value(data, self.disp.display, None, None)
if event.type == X.KeyPress:
self.down(self.keycode_to_string(event.detail, event.state))
elif event.type == X.KeyRelease:
self.up(self.keycode_to_string(event.detail, event.state))
elif event.type == X.ButtonPress:
self.down(self.mouse_to_string(event.detail))
elif event.type == X.ButtonRelease:
self.up(self.mouse_to_string(event.detail))
def run(self):
self.disp = Display()
XK.load_keysym_group('xf86')
root = self.disp.screen().root
ctx = self.disp.record_create_context(0,
[record.AllClients],
[{
'core_requests': (0, 0),
'core_replies': (0, 0),
'ext_requests': (0, 0, 0, 0),
'ext_replies': (0, 0, 0, 0),
'delivered_events': (0, 0),
'device_events': (X.KeyReleaseMask, X.ButtonReleaseMask),
'errors': (0, 0),
'client_started': False,
'client_died': False,
}])
self.disp.record_enable_context(ctx, lambda reply: self.event_handler(reply))
self.disp.record_free_context(ctx)
while True:
event = root.display.next_event()
if __name__ == "__main__":
Listener().run()
输出如下：
Currently pressed: Alt
Currently pressed:
Currently pressed: Alt
Currently pressed: Alt, Tab
Currently pressed: Alt
Currently pressed: Alt, Tab
Currently pressed: Alt
Currently pressed: Alt, Tab
Currently pressed: Alt
Currently pressed: Alt, Tab
Currently pressed: Alt
Currently pressed: Alt, Tab
Currently pressed: Alt
Currently pressed:
Currently pressed: Control
Currently pressed: Control, a
Currently pressed: Control
Currently pressed: Control, Shift
Currently pressed: Control, Shift, A
Currently pressed: Control, Shift