纬度/经度找到最近的纬度/经度 - 复杂的sql或复杂的计算

时间:2010-02-10 03:22:00

标签: mysql math coordinates sql computational-geometry

我有纬度和经度,我想从数据库中提取记录,该记录具有最近的纬度和经度,如果该距离长于指定的距离,则不检索它。

表格结构:

id
latitude
longitude
place name
city
country
state
zip
sealevel

20 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:181)

SELECT latitude, longitude, SQRT(
    POW(69.1 * (latitude - [startlat]), 2) +
    POW(69.1 * ([startlng] - longitude) * COS(latitude / 57.3), 2)) AS distance
FROM TableName HAVING distance < 25 ORDER BY distance;

[starlat] [startlng] 是开始测量距离的位置。

答案 1 :(得分:128)

您需要的是将距离转换为经度和纬度,根据大致在边界框中的条目进行过滤,然后进行更精确的距离过滤。这是一篇很好的论文,解释了如何做到这一切:

http://www.scribd.com/doc/2569355/Geo-Distance-Search-with-MySQL

答案 2 :(得分:46)

Google的解决方案:

创建表

创建MySQL表时,需要特别注意lat和lng属性。使用Google地图的当前缩放功能,您应该只需要小数点后的6位精度。要将表所需的存储空间保持在最小,可以指定lat和lng属性是大小为浮点数(10,6)。这将使字段在小数点后存储6位数,加上小数点前最多4位数,例如-123.456789度。您的表还应具有id属性作为主键。

CREATE TABLE `markers` (
  `id` INT NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY ,
  `name` VARCHAR( 60 ) NOT NULL ,
  `address` VARCHAR( 80 ) NOT NULL ,
  `lat` FLOAT( 10, 6 ) NOT NULL ,
  `lng` FLOAT( 10, 6 ) NOT NULL
) ENGINE = MYISAM ;

填充表格

创建表格之后,是时候用数据填充它了。下面提供的样本数据是散布在美国各地的大约180个pizzarias。在phpMyAdmin中,您可以使用IMPORT选项卡导入各种文件格式,包括CSV(逗号分隔值)。 Microsoft Excel和Google Spreadsheets都导出为CSV格式,因此您可以通过导出/导入CSV文件轻松地将数据从电子表格传输到MySQL表。

INSERT INTO `markers` (`name`, `address`, `lat`, `lng`) VALUES ('Frankie Johnnie & Luigo Too','939 W El Camino Real, Mountain View, CA','37.386339','-122.085823');
INSERT INTO `markers` (`name`, `address`, `lat`, `lng`) VALUES ('Amici\'s East Coast Pizzeria','790 Castro St, Mountain View, CA','37.38714','-122.083235');
INSERT INTO `markers` (`name`, `address`, `lat`, `lng`) VALUES ('Kapp\'s Pizza Bar & Grill','191 Castro St, Mountain View, CA','37.393885','-122.078916');
INSERT INTO `markers` (`name`, `address`, `lat`, `lng`) VALUES ('Round Table Pizza: Mountain View','570 N Shoreline Blvd, Mountain View, CA','37.402653','-122.079354');
INSERT INTO `markers` (`name`, `address`, `lat`, `lng`) VALUES ('Tony & Alba\'s Pizza & Pasta','619 Escuela Ave, Mountain View, CA','37.394011','-122.095528');
INSERT INTO `markers` (`name`, `address`, `lat`, `lng`) VALUES ('Oregano\'s Wood-Fired Pizza','4546 El Camino Real, Los Altos, CA','37.401724','-122.114646');

使用MySQL查找位置

要在标记表中查找位于给定纬度/经度的特定半径范围内的位置,可以使用基于Haversine公式的SELECT语句。 Haversine公式通常用于计算球体上两对坐标之间的大圆距离。维基百科给出了一个深入的数学解释,并且关于编程的一个很好的讨论与Movable Type的网站有关。

这里是SQL语句,它将找到距离37,-122坐标25英里半径范围内最近的20个位置。它根据该行的纬度/经度和目标纬度/经度计算距离,然后仅询问距离值小于25的行,按距离对整个查询进行排序,并将其限制为20个结果。要按公里而不是英里搜索,请将3959替换为6371。

SELECT 
id, 
(
   3959 *
   acos(cos(radians(37)) * 
   cos(radians(lat)) * 
   cos(radians(lng) - 
   radians(-122)) + 
   sin(radians(37)) * 
   sin(radians(lat )))
) AS distance 
FROM markers 
HAVING distance < 25 
ORDER BY distance LIMIT 0, 20;

https://developers.google.com/maps/articles/phpsqlsearch_v3#creating-the-map

答案 3 :(得分:26)

这是我在PHP中实现的完整解决方案。

此解决方案使用http://www.scribd.com/doc/2569355/Geo-Distance-Search-with-MySQL中提供的Haversine公式。

应该注意的是,Haversine公式在极点周围存在弱点。 This answer展示了如何实现vincenty Great Circle Distance formula来解决这个问题,但我选择使用Haversine,因为它对我的目的来说已经足够了。

我将纬度存储为DECIMAL(10,8),经度存储为DECIMAL(11,8)。希望这有帮助!

showClosest.php

<?PHP
/**
 * Use the Haversine Formula to display the 100 closest matches to $origLat, $origLon
 * Only search the MySQL table $tableName for matches within a 10 mile ($dist) radius.
 */
include("./assets/db/db.php"); // Include database connection function
$db = new database(); // Initiate a new MySQL connection
$tableName = "db.table";
$origLat = 42.1365;
$origLon = -71.7559;
$dist = 10; // This is the maximum distance (in miles) away from $origLat, $origLon in which to search
$query = "SELECT name, latitude, longitude, 3956 * 2 * 
          ASIN(SQRT( POWER(SIN(($origLat - latitude)*pi()/180/2),2)
          +COS($origLat*pi()/180 )*COS(latitude*pi()/180)
          *POWER(SIN(($origLon-longitude)*pi()/180/2),2))) 
          as distance FROM $tableName WHERE 
          longitude between ($origLon-$dist/cos(radians($origLat))*69) 
          and ($origLon+$dist/cos(radians($origLat))*69) 
          and latitude between ($origLat-($dist/69)) 
          and ($origLat+($dist/69)) 
          having distance < $dist ORDER BY distance limit 100"; 
$result = mysql_query($query) or die(mysql_error());
while($row = mysql_fetch_assoc($result)) {
    echo $row['name']." > ".$row['distance']."<BR>";
}
mysql_close($db);
?>

./资产/分贝/ db.php中

<?PHP
/**
 * Class to initiate a new MySQL connection based on $dbInfo settings found in dbSettings.php
 *
 * @example $db = new database(); // Initiate a new database connection
 * @example mysql_close($db); // close the connection
 */
class database{
    protected $databaseLink;
    function __construct(){
        include "dbSettings.php";
        $this->database = $dbInfo['host'];
        $this->mysql_user = $dbInfo['user'];
        $this->mysql_pass = $dbInfo['pass'];
        $this->openConnection();
        return $this->get_link();
    }
    function openConnection(){
    $this->databaseLink = mysql_connect($this->database, $this->mysql_user, $this->mysql_pass);
    }

    function get_link(){
    return $this->databaseLink;
    }
}
?>

./资产/分贝/ dbSettings.php

<?php
$dbInfo = array(
    'host'      => "localhost",
    'user'      => "root",
    'pass'      => "password"
);
?>

有可能通过使用MySQL存储过程来提高性能,如上面发布的“Geo-Distance-Search-with-MySQL”文章所示。

我有一个约17,000个地方的数据库,查询执行时间是0.054秒。

答案 4 :(得分:23)

如果你像我一样懒惰,这里有一个解决方案,从这个和其他答案合并到SO。

set @orig_lat=37.46; 
set @orig_long=-122.25; 
set @bounding_distance=1;

SELECT
*
,((ACOS(SIN(@orig_lat * PI() / 180) * SIN(`lat` * PI() / 180) + COS(@orig_lat * PI() / 180) * COS(`lat` * PI() / 180) * COS((@orig_long - `long`) * PI() / 180)) * 180 / PI()) * 60 * 1.1515) AS `distance` 
FROM `cities` 
WHERE
(
  `lat` BETWEEN (@orig_lat - @bounding_distance) AND (@orig_lat + @bounding_distance)
  AND `long` BETWEEN (@orig_long - @bounding_distance) AND (@orig_long + @bounding_distance)
)
ORDER BY `distance` ASC
limit 25;

答案 5 :(得分:11)

简单的一个;)

SELECT * FROM `WAYPOINTS` W ORDER BY
ABS(ABS(W.`LATITUDE`-53.63) +
ABS(W.`LONGITUDE`-9.9)) ASC LIMIT 30;

只需用您需要的坐标替换坐标即可。值必须存储为double。这是一个有效的MySQL 5.x示例。

干杯

答案 6 :(得分:5)

您正在寻找haversine formula之类的内容。另见here

还有其他的,但这是最常被引用的。

如果您正在寻找更强大的功能,您可能需要查看数据库GIS功能。他们能够做一些很酷的事情,比如告诉你一个点(城市)是否出现在一个给定的多边形(Region,Country,Continent)中。

答案 7 :(得分:4)

根据文章Geo-Distance-Search-with-MySQL检查此代码:

示例:在10英里范围内找到距离我当前位置最近的10家酒店:

#Please notice that (lat,lng) values mustn't be negatives to perform all calculations

set @my_lat=34.6087674878572; 
set @my_lng=58.3783670308302;
set @dist=10; #10 miles radius

SELECT dest.id, dest.lat, dest.lng,  3956 * 2 * ASIN(SQRT(POWER(SIN((@my_lat -abs(dest.lat)) * pi()/180 / 2),2) + COS(@my_lat * pi()/180 ) * COS(abs(dest.lat) *  pi()/180) * POWER(SIN((@my_lng - abs(dest.lng)) *  pi()/180 / 2), 2))
) as distance
FROM hotel as dest
having distance < @dist
ORDER BY distance limit 10;

#Also notice that distance are expressed in terms of radius.

答案 8 :(得分:4)

试试这个,它显示最近提供坐标的点(50公里内)。它完美地运作:

SELECT m.name,
    m.lat, m.lon,
    p.distance_unit
             * DEGREES(ACOS(COS(RADIANS(p.latpoint))
             * COS(RADIANS(m.lat))
             * COS(RADIANS(p.longpoint) - RADIANS(m.lon))
             + SIN(RADIANS(p.latpoint))
             * SIN(RADIANS(m.lat)))) AS distance_in_km
FROM <table_name> AS m
JOIN (
      SELECT <userLat> AS latpoint, <userLon> AS longpoint,
             50.0 AS radius, 111.045 AS distance_unit
     ) AS p ON 1=1
WHERE m.lat
BETWEEN p.latpoint  - (p.radius / p.distance_unit)
    AND p.latpoint  + (p.radius / p.distance_unit)
    AND m.lon BETWEEN p.longpoint - (p.radius / (p.distance_unit * COS(RADIANS(p.latpoint))))
    AND p.longpoint + (p.radius / (p.distance_unit * COS(RADIANS(p.latpoint))))
ORDER BY distance_in_km

只需更改<table_name>即可。 <userLat><userLon>

您可以在此处详细了解此解决方案:http://www.plumislandmedia.net/mysql/haversine-mysql-nearest-loc/

答案 9 :(得分:3)

simpledb.execSQL("CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS " + tablename + "(id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY   AUTOINCREMENT,lat double,lng double,address varchar)");
            simpledb.execSQL("insert into '" + tablename + "'(lat,lng,address)values('22.2891001','70.780154','craftbox');");
            simpledb.execSQL("insert into '" + tablename + "'(lat,lng,address)values('22.2901396','70.7782428','kotecha');");//22.2904718 //70.7783906
            simpledb.execSQL("insert into '" + tablename + "'(lat,lng,address)values('22.2863155','70.772108','kkv Hall');");
            simpledb.execSQL("insert into '" + tablename + "'(lat,lng,address)values('22.275993','70.778076','nana mava');");
            simpledb.execSQL("insert into '" + tablename + "'(lat,lng,address)values('22.2667148','70.7609386','Govani boys hostal');");


    double curentlat=22.2667258;  //22.2677258
    double curentlong=70.76096826;//70.76096826

    double curentlat1=curentlat+0.0010000;
    double curentlat2=curentlat-0.0010000;

    double curentlong1=curentlong+0.0010000;
    double curentlong2=curentlong-0.0010000;

    try{

        Cursor c=simpledb.rawQuery("select * from '"+tablename+"' where (lat BETWEEN '"+curentlat2+"' and '"+curentlat1+"') or (lng BETWEEN         '"+curentlong2+"' and '"+curentlong1+"')",null);

        Log.d("SQL ", c.toString());
        if(c.getCount()>0)
        {
            while (c.moveToNext())
            {
                double d=c.getDouble(1);
                double d1=c.getDouble(2);

            }
        }
    }
    catch (Exception e)
    {
        e.printStackTrace();
    }

答案 10 :(得分:2)

听起来你想要做一个最近邻搜索,并且有一些距离。据我所知,SQL不支持此类内容,您需要使用其他数据结构,例如R-treekd-tree

答案 11 :(得分:2)

查找离我最近的用户:

以米为单位的距离

基于Vincenty's formula

我有用户表:

+----+-----------------------+---------+--------------+---------------+
| id | email                 | name    | location_lat | location_long |
+----+-----------------------+---------+--------------+---------------+
| 13 | xxxxxx@xxxxxxxxxx.com | Isaac   | 17.2675625   | -97.6802361   |
| 14 | xxxx@xxxxxxx.com.mx   | Monse   | 19.392702    | -99.172596    |
+----+-----------------------+---------+--------------+---------------+

SQL:

-- my location:  lat   19.391124   -99.165660
SELECT 
(ATAN(
    SQRT(
        POW(COS(RADIANS(users.location_lat)) * SIN(RADIANS(users.location_long) - RADIANS(-99.165660)), 2) +
        POW(COS(RADIANS(19.391124)) * SIN(RADIANS(users.location_lat)) - 
       SIN(RADIANS(19.391124)) * cos(RADIANS(users.location_lat)) * cos(RADIANS(users.location_long) - RADIANS(-99.165660)), 2)
    )
    ,
    SIN(RADIANS(19.391124)) * 
    SIN(RADIANS(users.location_lat)) + 
    COS(RADIANS(19.391124)) * 
    COS(RADIANS(users.location_lat)) * 
    COS(RADIANS(users.location_long) - RADIANS(-99.165660))
 ) * 6371000) as distance,
users.id
FROM users
ORDER BY distance ASC

地球半径:6371000(以米为单位)

答案 12 :(得分:1)

答案 13 :(得分:1)

听起来你应该只使用PostGIS,SpatialLite,SQLServer2008或Oracle Spatial。他们都可以通过空间SQL为您解答这个问题。

答案 14 :(得分:1)

在极端情况下,这种方法失败了,但是为了表现,我跳过了三角函数并简单地计算了对角线的平方。

答案 15 :(得分:1)

MS SQL Edition:

        DECLARE @SLAT AS FLOAT
        DECLARE @SLON AS FLOAT

        SET @SLAT = 38.150785
        SET @SLON = 27.360249

        SELECT TOP 10 [LATITUDE], [LONGITUDE], SQRT(
            POWER(69.1 * ([LATITUDE] - @SLAT), 2) +
            POWER(69.1 * (@SLON - [LONGITUDE]) * COS([LATITUDE] / 57.3), 2)) AS distance
        FROM [TABLE] ORDER BY 3

答案 16 :(得分:1)

该问题的原始答案很好,但是较新版本的mysql(MySQL 5.7.6及更高版本)支持地理查询,因此您现在可以使用内置功能,而不必进行复杂的查询。

您现在可以执行以下操作:

select *, ST_Distance_Sphere( point ('input_longitude', 'input_latitude'), 
                              point(longitude, latitude)) * .000621371192 
          as `distance_in_miles` 
  from `TableName`
having `distance_in_miles` <= 'input_max_distance'
 order by `distance_in_miles` asc

结果将以meters的形式返回,因此如果您想用KM代替里程,请使用.0001而不是.000621371192

MySql docs are here

答案 17 :(得分:1)

 +----+-----------------------+---------+--------------+---------------+
| id | email                 | name    | location_lat | location_long |
+----+-----------------------+---------+--------------+---------------+
| 7  | test@gmail.com        | rembo   | 23.0249256   |  72.5269697   |
| 25 | test1@gmail.com.      | Rajnis  | 23.0233221    | 72.5342112   |
+----+-----------------------+---------+--------------+---------------+

$ lat = 23.02350629;

$ long = 72.53230239;

DB :: 选择 (“ 选择 * 从 ( 选择 , ( (((acos(sin((“” $ lat。“ * pi()/ 180))* sin(({lat * pi()/ 180))+ cos((”。$ lat。“ pi()/ 180))* cos(({lat * pi()/ 180))* cos((((“。$ long。”-LONG)* pi()/ 180 ))))* 180 / pi())* 60 * 1.1515 * 1.609344 ) 作为距离 从 users ) 使用者 哪里 距离<= 2“);

答案 18 :(得分:-1)

Mysql 查询具有距离限制和 where 条件的搜索坐标

 SELECT id, ( 3959 * acos( cos( radians('28.5850154') ) * cos( radians(latitude) ) * cos( radians( longitude ) - radians('77.07207489999999') ) + sin( radians('28.5850154') ) * sin( radians( latitude ) ) ) ) AS distance FROM `vendors` HAVING distance < 5;

答案 19 :(得分:-9)

这个问题根本不是很难,但如果你需要优化它会变得更加复杂。

我的意思是,您的数据库中有100个位置还是1亿个?它有很大的不同。

如果位置数量很少,只需执行以下操作即可将其从SQL和代码中删除 - &gt;

Select * from Location

将代码输入代码后,使用Haversine公式计算每个纬度/经度与原始距离之间的距离并对其进行排序。