radwho:读取错误/ var / log / freeradius / radutmp:没有这样的文件或目录 我该怎么办?
FreeRADIUS Version 2.1.12, for host x86_64-pc-linux-gnu, built on Dec 16 2012 at 13:28:43
Copyright (C) 1999-2009 The FreeRADIUS server project and contributors.
There is NO warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A
PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
You may redistribute copies of FreeRADIUS under the terms of the
GNU General Public License v2.
Starting - reading configuration files ...
including configuration file /etc/freeradius/radiusd.conf
including configuration file /etc/freeradius/proxy.conf
including configuration file /etc/freeradius/clients.conf
including files in directory /etc/freeradius/modules/
including configuration file /etc/freeradius/modules/sqlcounter_expire_on_login
including configuration file /etc/freeradius/modules/attr_filter
including configuration file /etc/freeradius/modules/soh
including configuration file /etc/freeradius/modules/otp
including configuration file /etc/freeradius/modules/dynamic_clients
including configuration file /etc/freeradius/modules/perl
including configuration file /etc/freeradius/modules/etc_group
including configuration file /etc/freeradius/modules/ntlm_auth
including configuration file /etc/freeradius/modules/preprocess
including configuration file /etc/freeradius/modules/detail.example.com
including configuration file /etc/freeradius/modules/detail.log
including configuration file /etc/freeradius/modules/krb5
including configuration file /etc/freeradius/modules/ippool
including configuration file /etc/freeradius/modules/opendirectory
including configuration file /etc/freeradius/modules/redis
including configuration file /etc/freeradius/modules/pap
including configuration file /etc/freeradius/modules/detail
including configuration file /etc/freeradius/modules/replicate
including configuration file /etc/freeradius/modules/exec
including configuration file /etc/freeradius/modules/linelog
including configuration file /etc/freeradius/modules/logintime
including configuration file /etc/freeradius/modules/unix
including configuration file /etc/freeradius/modules/expiration
including configuration file /etc/freeradius/modules/inner-eap
including configuration file /etc/freeradius/modules/always
including configuration file /etc/freeradius/modules/realm
including configuration file /etc/freeradius/modules/radutmp
including configuration file /etc/freeradius/modules/policy
including configuration file /etc/freeradius/modules/digest
including configuration file /etc/freeradius/modules/mac2vlan
including configuration file /etc/freeradius/modules/mac2ip
including configuration file /etc/freeradius/modules/smbpasswd
including configuration file /etc/freeradius/modules/echo
including configuration file /etc/freeradius/modules/pam
including configuration file /etc/freeradius/modules/rediswho
including configuration file /etc/freeradius/modules/files
including configuration file /etc/freeradius/modules/ldap
including configuration file /etc/freeradius/modules/chap
including configuration file /etc/freeradius/modules/cui
including configuration file /etc/freeradius/modules/checkval
including configuration file /etc/freeradius/modules/counter
including configuration file /etc/freeradius/modules/attr_rewrite
including configuration file /etc/freeradius/modules/wimax
including configuration file /etc/freeradius/modules/mschap
including configuration file /etc/freeradius/modules/acct_unique
including configuration file /etc/freeradius/modules/sql_log
including configuration file /etc/freeradius/modules/sradutmp
including configuration file /etc/freeradius/modules/expr
including configuration file /etc/freeradius/modules/passwd
including configuration file /etc/freeradius/modules/smsotp
including configuration file /etc/freeradius/eap.conf
including configuration file /etc/freeradius/sql.conf
including configuration file /etc/freeradius/sql/mysql/dialup.conf
including configuration file /etc/freeradius/policy.conf
including files in directory /etc/freeradius/sites-enabled/
including configuration file /etc/freeradius/sites-enabled/default
including configuration file /etc/freeradius/sites-enabled/inner-tunnel
main {
user = "freerad"
group = "freerad"
allow_core_dumps = no
}
including dictionary file /etc/freeradius/dictionary
main {
name = "freeradius"
prefix = "/usr"
localstatedir = "/var"
sbindir = "/usr/sbin"
logdir = "/var/log/freeradius"
run_dir = "/var/run/freeradius"
libdir = "/usr/lib/freeradius"
radacctdir = "/var/log/freeradius/radacct"
hostname_lookups = no
max_request_time = 30
cleanup_delay = 5
max_requests = 1024
pidfile = "/var/run/freeradius/freeradius.pid"
checkrad = "/usr/sbin/checkrad"
debug_level = 0
proxy_requests = yes
log {
stripped_names = no
auth = no
auth_badpass = no
auth_goodpass = no
}
security {
max_attributes = 200
reject_delay = 1
status_server = yes
}
}
radiusd: #### Loading Realms and Home Servers ####
proxy server {
retry_delay = 5
retry_count = 3
default_fallback = no
dead_time = 120
wake_all_if_all_dead = no
}
home_server localhost {
ipaddr = 127.0.0.1
port = 1812
type = "auth"
secret = "testing123"
src_ipaddr = "127.0.0.1"
response_window = 20
max_outstanding = 65536
require_message_authenticator = yes
zombie_period = 40
status_check = "status-server"
ping_interval = 30
check_interval = 30
num_answers_to_alive = 3
num_pings_to_alive = 3
revive_interval = 120
status_check_timeout = 4
coa {
irt = 2
mrt = 16
mrc = 5
mrd = 30
}
}
home_server_pool my_auth_failover {
type = fail-over
home_server = localhost
}
realm example.com {
auth_pool = my_auth_failover
}
realm LOCAL {
}
radiusd: #### Loading Clients ####
client localhost {
ipaddr = 127.0.0.1
require_message_authenticator = no
secret = "testing123"
nastype = "other"
}
radiusd: #### Instantiating modules ####
instantiate {
Module: Linked to module rlm_exec
Module: Instantiating module "exec" from file /etc/freeradius/modules/exec
exec {
wait = no
input_pairs = "request"
shell_escape = yes
}
Module: Linked to module rlm_expr
Module: Instantiating module "expr" from file /etc/freeradius/modules/expr
Module: Linked to module rlm_expiration
Module: Instantiating module "expiration" from file /etc/freeradius/modules/expiration
expiration {
reply-message = "Password Has Expired "
}
Module: Linked to module rlm_logintime
Module: Instantiating module "logintime" from file /etc/freeradius/modules/logintime
logintime {
reply-message = "You are calling outside your allowed timespan "
minimum-timeout = 60
}
}
radiusd: #### Loading Virtual Servers ####
server { # from file /etc/freeradius/radiusd.conf
modules {
Module: Creating Auth-Type = digest
Module: Creating Post-Auth-Type = REJECT
Module: Checking authenticate {...} for more modules to load
Module: Linked to module rlm_pap
Module: Instantiating module "pap" from file /etc/freeradius/modules/pap
pap {
encryption_scheme = "auto"
auto_header = no
}
Module: Linked to module rlm_chap
Module: Instantiating module "chap" from file /etc/freeradius/modules/chap
Module: Linked to module rlm_mschap
Module: Instantiating module "mschap" from file /etc/freeradius/modules/mschap
mschap {
use_mppe = yes
require_encryption = no
require_strong = no
with_ntdomain_hack = no
allow_retry = yes
}
Module: Linked to module rlm_digest
Module: Instantiating module "digest" from file /etc/freeradius/modules/digest
Module: Linked to module rlm_unix
Module: Instantiating module "unix" from file /etc/freeradius/modules/unix
unix {
radwtmp = "/var/log/freeradius/radwtmp"
}
Module: Linked to module rlm_eap
Module: Instantiating module "eap" from file /etc/freeradius/eap.conf
eap {
default_eap_type = "md5"
timer_expire = 60
ignore_unknown_eap_types = no
cisco_accounting_username_bug = no
max_sessions = 4096
}
Module: Linked to sub-module rlm_eap_md5
Module: Instantiating eap-md5
Module: Linked to sub-module rlm_eap_leap
Module: Instantiating eap-leap
Module: Linked to sub-module rlm_eap_gtc
Module: Instantiating eap-gtc
gtc {
challenge = "Password: "
auth_type = "PAP"
}
Module: Linked to sub-module rlm_eap_tls
Module: Instantiating eap-tls
tls {
rsa_key_exchange = no
dh_key_exchange = yes
rsa_key_length = 512
dh_key_length = 512
verify_depth = 0
CA_path = "/etc/freeradius/certs"
pem_file_type = yes
private_key_file = "/etc/freeradius/certs/server.key"
certificate_file = "/etc/freeradius/certs/server.pem"
CA_file = "/etc/freeradius/certs/ca.pem"
private_key_password = "whatever"
dh_file = "/etc/freeradius/certs/dh"
random_file = "/dev/urandom"
fragment_size = 1024
include_length = yes
check_crl = no
cipher_list = "DEFAULT"
make_cert_command = "/etc/freeradius/certs/bootstrap"
ecdh_curve = "prime256v1"
cache {
enable = no
lifetime = 24
max_entries = 255
}
verify {
}
ocsp {
enable = no
override_cert_url = yes
url = "http://127.0.0.1/ocsp/"
}
}
Module: Linked to sub-module rlm_eap_ttls
Module: Instantiating eap-ttls
ttls {
default_eap_type = "md5"
copy_request_to_tunnel = no
use_tunneled_reply = no
virtual_server = "inner-tunnel"
include_length = yes
}
Module: Linked to sub-module rlm_eap_peap
Module: Instantiating eap-peap
peap {
default_eap_type = "mschapv2"
copy_request_to_tunnel = no
use_tunneled_reply = no
proxy_tunneled_request_as_eap = yes
virtual_server = "inner-tunnel"
soh = no
}
Module: Linked to sub-module rlm_eap_mschapv2
Module: Instantiating eap-mschapv2
mschapv2 {
with_ntdomain_hack = no
send_error = no
}
Module: Checking authorize {...} for more modules to load
Module: Linked to module rlm_preprocess
Module: Instantiating module "preprocess" from file /etc/freeradius/modules/preprocess
preprocess {
huntgroups = "/etc/freeradius/huntgroups"
hints = "/etc/freeradius/hints"
with_ascend_hack = no
ascend_channels_per_line = 23
with_ntdomain_hack = no
with_specialix_jetstream_hack = no
with_cisco_vsa_hack = no
with_alvarion_vsa_hack = no
}
Module: Linked to module rlm_realm
Module: Instantiating module "suffix" from file /etc/freeradius/modules/realm
realm suffix {
format = "suffix"
delimiter = "@"
ignore_default = no
ignore_null = no
}
Module: Linked to module rlm_files
Module: Instantiating module "files" from file /etc/freeradius/modules/files
files {
usersfile = "/etc/freeradius/users"
acctusersfile = "/etc/freeradius/acct_users"
preproxy_usersfile = "/etc/freeradius/preproxy_users"
compat = "no"
}
Module: Linked to module rlm_sql
Module: Instantiating module "sql" from file /etc/freeradius/sql.conf
sql {
driver = "rlm_sql_mysql"
server = "localhost"
port = ""
login = "radius"
password = "radpass"
radius_db = "radius"
read_groups = yes
sqltrace = no
sqltracefile = "/var/log/freeradius/sqltrace.sql"
readclients = no
deletestalesessions = yes
num_sql_socks = 5
lifetime = 0
max_queries = 0
sql_user_name = "%{User-Name}"
default_user_profile = ""
nas_query = "SELECT id, nasname, shortname, type, secret, server FROM nas"
authorize_check_query = "SELECT id, username, attribute, value, op FROM radcheck WHERE username = '%{SQL-User-Name}' ORDER BY id"
authorize_reply_query = "SELECT id, username, attribute, value, op FROM radreply WHERE username = '%{SQL-User-Name}' ORDER BY id"
authorize_group_check_query = "SELECT id, groupname, attribute, Value, op FROM radgroupcheck WHERE groupname = '%{Sql-Group}' ORDER BY id"
authorize_group_reply_query = "SELECT id, groupname, attribute, value, op FROM radgroupreply WHERE groupname = '%{Sql-Group}' ORDER BY id"
accounting_onoff_query = " UPDATE radacct SET acctstoptime = '%S', acctsessiontime = unix_timestamp('%S') - unix_timestamp(acctstarttime), acctterminatecause = '%{Acct-Terminate-Cause}', acctstopdelay = %{%{Acct-Delay-Time}:-0} WHERE acctstoptime IS NULL AND nasipaddress = '%{NAS-IP-Address}' AND acctstarttime <= '%S'"
accounting_update_query = " UPDATE radacct SET framedipaddress = '%{Framed-IP-Address}', acctsessiontime = '%{Acct-Session-Time}', acctinputoctets = '%{%{Acct-Input-Gigawords}:-0}' << 32 | '%{%{Acct-Input-Octets}:-0}', acctoutputoctets = '%{%{Acct-Output-Gigawords}:-0}' << 32 | '%{%{Acct-Output-Octets}:-0}' WHERE acctsessionid = '%{Acct-Session-Id}' AND username = '%{SQL-User-Name}' AND nasipaddress = '%{NAS-IP-Address}'"
accounting_update_query_alt = " INSERT INTO radacct (acctsessionid, acctuniqueid, username, realm, nasipaddress, nasportid, nasporttype, acctstarttime, acctsessiontime, acctauthentic, connectinfo_start, acctinputoctets, acctoutputoctets, calledstationid, callingstationid, servicetype, framedprotocol, framedipaddress, acctstartdelay, xascendsessionsvrkey) VALUES ('%{Acct-Session-Id}', '%{Acct-Unique-Session-Id}', '%{SQL-User-Name}', '%{Realm}', '%{NAS-IP-Address}', '%{NAS-Port}', '%{NAS-Port-Type}', DATE_SUB('%S', INTERVAL (%{%{Acct-Session-Time}:-0} + %{%{Acct-Delay-Time}:-0}) SECOND), '%{Acct-Session-Time}', '%{Acct-Authentic}', '', '%{%{Acct-Input-Gigawords}:-0}' << 32 | '%{%{Acct-Input-Octets}:-0}', '%{%{Acct-Output-Gigawords}:-0}' << 32 | '%{%{Acct-Output-Octets}:-0}', '%{Called-Station-Id}', '%{Calling-Station-Id}', '%{Service-Type}', '%{Framed-Protocol}', '%{Framed-IP-Address}', '0', '%{X-Ascend-Session-Svr-Key}')"
accounting_start_query = " INSERT INTO radacct (acctsessionid, acctuniqueid, username, realm, nasipaddress, nasportid, nasporttype, acctstarttime, acctstoptime, acctsessiontime, acctauthentic, connectinfo_start, connectinfo_stop, acctinputoctets, acctoutputoctets, calledstationid, callingstationid, acctterminatecause, servicetype, framedprotocol, framedipaddress, acctstartdelay, acctstopdelay, xascendsessionsvrkey) VALUES ('%{Acct-Session-Id}', '%{Acct-Unique-Session-Id}', '%{SQL-User-Name}', '%{Realm}', '%{NAS-IP-Address}', '%{NAS-Port}', '%{NAS-Port-Type}', '%S', NULL, '0', '%{Acct-Authentic}', '%{Connect-Info}', '', '0', '0', '%{Called-Station-Id}', '%{Calling-Station-Id}', '', '%{Service-Type}', '%{Framed-Protocol}', '%{Framed-IP-Address}', '%{%{Acct-Delay-Time}:-0}', '0', '%{X-Ascend-Session-Svr-Key}')"
accounting_start_query_alt = " UPDATE radacct SET acctstarttime = '%S', acctstartdelay = '%{%{Acct-Delay-Time}:-0}', connectinfo_start = '%{Connect-Info}' WHERE acctsessionid = '%{Acct-Session-Id}' AND username = '%{SQL-User-Name}' AND nasipaddress = '%{NAS-IP-Address}'"
accounting_stop_query = " UPDATE radacct SET acctstoptime = '%S', acctsessiontime = '%{Acct-Session-Time}', acctinputoctets = '%{%{Acct-Input-Gigawords}:-0}' << 32 | '%{%{Acct-Input-Octets}:-0}', acctoutputoctets = '%{%{Acct-Output-Gigawords}:-0}' << 32 | '%{%{Acct-Output-Octets}:-0}', acctterminatecause = '%{Acct-Terminate-Cause}', acctstopdelay = '%{%{Acct-Delay-Time}:-0}', connectinfo_stop = '%{Connect-Info}' WHERE acctsessionid = '%{Acct-Session-Id}' AND username = '%{SQL-User-Name}' AND nasipaddress = '%{NAS-IP-Address}'"
accounting_stop_query_alt = " INSERT INTO radacct (acctsessionid, acctuniqueid, username, realm, nasipaddress, nasportid, nasporttype, acctstarttime, acctstoptime, acctsessiontime, acctauthentic, connectinfo_start, connectinfo_stop, acctinputoctets, acctoutputoctets, calledstationid, callingstationid, acctterminatecause, servicetype, framedprotocol, framedipaddress, acctstartdelay, acctstopdelay) VALUES ('%{Acct-Session-Id}', '%{Acct-Unique-Session-Id}', '%{SQL-User-Name}', '%{Realm}', '%{NAS-IP-Address}', '%{NAS-Port}', '%{NAS-Port-Type}', DATE_SUB('%S', INTERVAL (%{%{Acct-Session-Time}:-0} + %{%{Acct-Delay-Time}:-0}) SECOND), '%S', '%{Acct-Session-Time}', '%{Acct-Authentic}', '', '%{Connect-Info}', '%{%{Acct-Input-Gigawords}:-0}' << 32 | '%{%{Acct-Input-Octets}:-0}', '%{%{Acct-Output-Gigawords}:-0}' << 32 | '%{%{Acct-Output-Octets}:-0}', '%{Called-Station-Id}', '%{Calling-Station-Id}', '%{Acct-Terminate-Cause}', '%{Service-Type}', '%{Framed-Protocol}', '%{Framed-IP-Address}', '0', '%{%{Acct-Delay-Time}:-0}')"
group_membership_query = "SELECT groupname FROM radusergroup WHERE username = '%{SQL-User-Name}' ORDER BY priority"
connect_failure_retry_delay = 60
simul_count_query = ""
simul_verify_query = "SELECT radacctid, acctsessionid, username, nasipaddress, nasportid, framedipaddress, callingstationid, framedprotocol FROM radacct WHERE username = '%{SQL-User-Name}' AND acctstoptime IS NULL"
postauth_query = "INSERT INTO radpostauth (username, pass, reply, authdate) VALUES ( '%{User-Name}', '%{%{User-Password}:-%{Chap-Password}}', '%{reply:Packet-Type}', '%S')"
safe-characters = "@abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ0123456789.-_: /"
}
rlm_sql (sql): Driver rlm_sql_mysql (module rlm_sql_mysql) loaded and linked
rlm_sql (sql): Attempting to connect to radius@localhost:/radius
rlm_sql (sql): starting 0
rlm_sql (sql): Attempting to connect rlm_sql_mysql #0
rlm_sql_mysql: Starting connect to MySQL server for #0
rlm_sql (sql): Connected new DB handle, #0
rlm_sql (sql): starting 1
rlm_sql (sql): Attempting to connect rlm_sql_mysql #1
rlm_sql_mysql: Starting connect to MySQL server for #1
rlm_sql (sql): Connected new DB handle, #1
rlm_sql (sql): starting 2
rlm_sql (sql): Attempting to connect rlm_sql_mysql #2
rlm_sql_mysql: Starting connect to MySQL server for #2
rlm_sql (sql): Connected new DB handle, #2
rlm_sql (sql): starting 3
rlm_sql (sql): Attempting to connect rlm_sql_mysql #3
rlm_sql_mysql: Starting connect to MySQL server for #3
rlm_sql (sql): Connected new DB handle, #3
rlm_sql (sql): starting 4
rlm_sql (sql): Attempting to connect rlm_sql_mysql #4
rlm_sql_mysql: Starting connect to MySQL server for #4
rlm_sql (sql): Connected new DB handle, #4
Module: Checking preacct {...} for more modules to load
Module: Linked to module rlm_acct_unique
Module: Instantiating module "acct_unique" from file /etc/freeradius/modules/acct_unique
acct_unique {
key = "User-Name, Acct-Session-Id, NAS-IP-Address, Client-IP-Address, NAS-Port"
}
Module: Checking accounting {...} for more modules to load
Module: Linked to module rlm_detail
Module: Instantiating module "detail" from file /etc/freeradius/modules/detail
detail {
detailfile = "/var/log/freeradius/radacct/%{%{Packet-Src-IP-Address}:-%{Packet-Src-IPv6-Address}}/detail-%Y%m%d"
header = "%t"
detailperm = 384
dirperm = 493
locking = no
log_packet_header = no
}
Module: Linked to module rlm_radutmp
Module: Instantiating module "radutmp" from file /etc/freeradius/modules/radutmp
radutmp {
filename = "/var/log/freeradius/radutmp"
username = "%{User-Name}"
case_sensitive = yes
check_with_nas = yes
perm = 384
callerid = yes
}
Module: Linked to module rlm_attr_filter
Module: Instantiating module "attr_filter.accounting_response" from file /etc/freeradius/modules/attr_filter
attr_filter attr_filter.accounting_response {
attrsfile = "/etc/freeradius/attrs.accounting_response"
key = "%{User-Name}"
relaxed = no
}
Module: Checking session {...} for more modules to load
Module: Checking post-proxy {...} for more modules to load
Module: Checking post-auth {...} for more modules to load
Module: Instantiating module "attr_filter.access_reject" from file /etc/freeradius/modules/attr_filter
attr_filter attr_filter.access_reject {
attrsfile = "/etc/freeradius/attrs.access_reject"
key = "%{User-Name}"
relaxed = no
}
} # modules
} # server
server inner-tunnel { # from file /etc/freeradius/sites-enabled/inner-tunnel
modules {
Module: Checking authenticate {...} for more modules to load
Module: Checking authorize {...} for more modules to load
Module: Checking session {...} for more modules to load
Module: Checking post-proxy {...} for more modules to load
Module: Checking post-auth {...} for more modules to load
} # modules
} # server
radiusd: #### Opening IP addresses and Ports ####
listen {
type = "auth"
ipaddr = *
port = 0
}
listen {
type = "acct"
ipaddr = *
port = 0
}
listen {
type = "auth"
ipaddr = 127.0.0.1
port = 18120
}
... adding new socket proxy address 127.0.0.1 port 39513
Listening on authentication address * port 1812
Listening on accounting address * port 1813
Listening on authentication address 127.0.0.1 port 18120 as server inner-tunnel
Listening on proxy address * port 1814
Ready to process requests.
答案 0 :(得分:1)
这表明radutmp模块无法在配置的会话部分进行监听,或者您还没有收到任何计费数据包。
以调试模式-X
运行服务器,验证您是否从NAS获取了会计数据包,以及您在会话部分中listed the radutmp module。
答案 1 :(得分:1)
誓言为什么尽管 root
你却得到以下错误:
`radwho`: Error reading /var/log/radius/sradutmp: No such file or directory
sradutmp
文件不存在,因为sradutmp module
已被禁用
在 sites-enabled/default
虚拟的会计部分内
服务器。取消注释以下行激活sradutmp
:
#sradutmp
然后以调试模式重启服务器:
/etc/init.d/freeradius stop
freeradius -X
发出radclient
和radwho
以前的命令。您现在应该看到以下内容:
#radwho Login Name What TTY When From Location<br>
alice alice shell S0 Mon 04:20 127.0.0.1
PS:
radclient 127.0.0.1 auto testing123 -f 4088_06_acct_start.txt
Packet-Type=4
Packet-Dst-Port=1813
Acct-Session-Id = "4D2BB8AC-00000098"
Acct-Status-Type = Start
Acct-Authentic = RADIUS
User-Name = "alice"
NAS-Port = 0
Called-Station-Id = "00-02-6F-AA-AA-AA:My Wireless"
Calling-Station-Id = "00-1C-B3-AA-AA-AA"
NAS-Port-Type = Wireless-802.11
Connect-Info = "CONNECT 48Mbps 802.11b"
答案 2 :(得分:0)
请注意,至少在版本3中,您需要启用radutmp(sradutmp是“安全的radutmp”,但是radwho寻找radutmp
答案 3 :(得分:-2)
在向服务器发送记帐请求时应提供足够的信息。只需在发送请求时添加<div class="frame" id="basicSly">
<ul class="clearfix slidee">
<li ng-repeat="schedates in repeatdates | orderBy: 'date'"
ng-class={ 'active' : checkDate(schedates.date) }
ng-click="listcurrentdata(schedates.date)" sly-horizontal-repeat >
{{schedates.date}}
</li>
</ul>
</div>
$scope.checkDate = function(date){
if(date == dateToCheck) // you could check +5 & -5 day condition here
return true;
return false;
}
和NAS-Port
即可。然后拨打NAS-IP-Address
。它肯定会奏效。