更新：显然，我注意到在我的主代码中，当我从readExpenses.py中提取的词典列表中提取值时，我将其存储为一个集合，而不是字典列表。
现在，我知道我使用以下代码行将每个字典存储在'exp'列表中：
for e in expenses:
exp.append(e)
但是，我只想要那些字典中的Keys Amount和Type，而不是其他条目。
供参考，以下是费用字典中的键列表：
"Date","Description","Type","Check Number","Amount","Balance"
如前所述，我只需要Type和Amount。
我正在尝试制定预算计划，所以我有这个词典列表：
[{'Bills': 30.0}, {'Bills': 101.53}, {'Bills': 60.0}, {'Bills': 52.45}, {'Gas': 51.17}, {500.0: 'Mortgage'}, {'Food': 5.1}]
我试图将它与这个字典列表进行比较：
[{400.0: 'Bills'}, {'Gas': 100.0}, {500.0: 'Mortgage'}, {'Food': 45.0}]
第一个列表是我在一个月内花在不同服务上的金额，以及它所属的类别，第二个字典是预算允许我在该类别上花费的最大金额。
目标是，在第一个字典中，将同一个键的所有值组合成一个键：值对，然后将其与第二个字典进行比较。
所以我应该从第一个词典中获取这个词典列表：
[{'Bills': 295.15), {'Gas': 51.17}, {500.0: 'Mortgage'}, {'Food': 5.1}]
我尝试查看this example和this one，但它们只是将字典列表合并在一起，而不是对相同键的值进行求和。我确实尝试了后者的代码，但它只加入了词典。我注意到这笔钱似乎只适用于“原始”字典，而不是字典列表。
我确实尝试过这个想法实验：
print(sum(item['amount'] for item in exp))
我知道这将总结金额以下的所有数字，而不是为每个类别返回一个数字，但是我想尝试一下它，看看它是否会导致解决方案，但我得到了这个错误的回报：
TypeError: 'set' object is not subscriptable
当我搞砸时，Counter函数似乎也显示出一种解决方案的承诺，但它似乎只适用于自己的字典，而不是字典列表。
#where exp is the first dictionary that I mentioned
a = Counter(exp)
b = Counter(exp)
c = a + b #I'm aware the math would have be faulty on this, but this was a test run
print (c)
此尝试返回此错误：
TypeError: unhashable type: 'set'
另外，有没有办法在不导入集合模块的情况下使用python附带的内容？
我的代码：
from readExpense import *
from budget import *
from collections import *
#Returns the expenses by expenses type
def expensesByType(expenses, budget):
exp = []
expByType = []
bud = []
for e in expenses:
entry = {e['exptype'], e['amount']}
exp.append(entry)
for b in budget:
entry = {b['exptype'], b['maxamnt']}
bud.append(entry)
return expByType;
def Main():
budget = readBudget("budget.txt")
#printBudget(budget)
expenses = readExpenses("expenses.txt")
#printExpenses(expenses)
expByType = expensesByType(expenses, budget)
if __name__ == '__main__':
Main()
供参考，分别来自预算和readexpense。
budget.py
def readBudget(budgetFile):
# Read the file into list lines
f = open(budgetFile)
lines = f.readlines()
f.close()
budget = []
# Parse the lines
for i in range(len(lines)):
list = lines[i].split(",")
exptype = list[0].strip('" \n')
if exptype == "Type":
continue
maxamount = list[1].strip('$" \n\r')
entry = {'exptype':exptype, 'maxamnt':float(maxamount)}
budget.append(entry)
return budget
def printBudget(budget):
print()
print("================= BUDGET ==================")
print("Type".ljust(12), "Max Amount".ljust(12))
total = 0
for b in budget:
print(b['exptype'].ljust(12), str("$%0.2f" %b['maxamnt']).ljust(50))
total = total + b['maxamnt']
print("Total: ", "$%0.2f" % total)
def Main():
budget = readBudget("budget.txt")
printBudget(budget)
if __name__ == '__main__':
Main()
readExpense.py
def readExpenses(file):
#read file into list of lines
#split lines into fields
# for each list create a dictionary
# add dictionary to expense list
#return expenses in a list of dictionary with fields
# date desc, exptype checknm, amnt
f = open(file)
lines=f.readlines()
f.close()
expenses = []
for i in range(len(lines)):
list = lines[i].split(",")
date = list[0].strip('" \n')
if date == "Date":
continue
description = list[1].strip('" \n\r')
exptype= list[2].strip('" \n\r')
checkNum = list[3].strip('" \n\r')
amount = list[4].strip('($)" \n\r')
balance = list[5].strip('" \n\r')
entry ={'date':date, 'description': description, 'exptype':exptype, 'checkNum':checkNum, 'amount':float(amount), 'balance': balance}
expenses.append(entry)
return expenses
def printExpenses(expenses):
#print expenses
print()
print("================= Expenses ==================")
print("Date".ljust(12), "Description".ljust(12), "Type".ljust(12),"Check Number".ljust(12), "Amount".ljust(12), "Balance".ljust(12))
total = 0
for e in expenses:
print(str(e['date']).ljust(12), str(e['description']).ljust(12), str(e['exptype']).ljust(12), str(e['checkNum']).ljust(12), str(e['amount']).ljust(12))
total = total + e['amount']
print()
print("Total: ", "$%0.2f" % total)
def Main():
expenses = readExpenses("expenses.txt")
printExpenses(expenses)
if __name__ == '__main__':
Main()
答案 0 :(得分：0)
您是否有理由避免创建一些对象来管理它？如果是我，我会去对象并执行以下操作（这是完全未经测试的，可能存在拼写错误）：
#!/usr/bin/env python3
from datetime import datetime # why python guys, do you make me write code like this??
from operator import itemgetter
class BudgetCategory(object):
def __init__(self, name, allowance):
super().__init__()
self.name = name # string naming this category, e.g. 'Food'
self.allowance = allowance # e.g. 400.00 this month for Food
self.expenditures = [] # initially empty list of expenditures you've made
def spend(self, amount, when=None, description=None):
''' Use this to add expenditures to your budget category'''
timeOfExpenditure = datetime.utcnow() if when is None else when #optional argument for time of expenditure
record = (amount, timeOfExpenditure, '' if description is None else description) # a named tuple would be better here...
self.expenditures.append(record) # add to list of expenditures
self.expenditures.sort(key=itemgetter(1)) # keep them sorted by date for the fun of it
# Very tempting to the turn both of the following into @property decorated functions, but let's swallow only so much today, huh?
def totalSpent(self):
return sum(t[0] for t in self.expenditures)
def balance(self):
return self.allowance - self.totalSpent()
现在我可以使用正确的代码：
budget = BudgetCategory(name='Food', allowance=200)
budget.spend(5)
budget.spend(8)
print('total spent:', budget.totalSpent())
print('left to go:', budget.balance())
这只是一个起点。现在你可以添加通过装饰对支出列表进行分组（和求和）的方法（例如“我上个月在Twinkies上花了多少钱”）。您可以添加一个方法来解析文件中的条目，或将它们发送到csv列表。你可以根据时间做一些图表。