当我尝试编译两个不同的程序时,我遇到了似乎是同样的问题。他们每个人首先创建一个静态库,然后创建链接该库的主应用程序。我正在使用gcc 4.7.2在Mac OS Mavericks上工作。
计划1
这是我运行make
时发生的事情:
首先,创建了库libfeat.a
,但我收到了警告:
ar rc ../lib/libfeat.a imgfeatures.o utils.o sift.o kdtree.o minpq.o xform.o
ranlib ../lib/libfeat.a
/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/bin/ranlib: warning for library: ../lib/libfeat.a the table of contents is empty (no object file members in the library define global symbols)
然后,在编译应用程序时,它说它不能使用该库,因为它不是为同一架构(x86_64)构建的:
gcc -O3 -I../include `pkg-config --cflags opencv` `pkg-config --cflags gtk+-3.0` `pkg-config --cflags gsl` siftfeat.c -o ../bin/siftfeat -L../lib -lfeat `pkg-config --libs opencv` `pkg-config --libs gtk+-3.0` `pkg-config --libs gsl`
ld: warning: ignoring file ../lib/libfeat.a, file was built for archive which is not the architecture being linked (x86_64): ../lib/libfeat.a
如果我运行lipo
,我就明白了:
$ lipo -info ../lib/libfeat.a
/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/bin/lipo: archive with no architecture specification: ../lib/libfeat.a (can't determine architecture for it)
计划2
我遇到了同样的问题,不同的程序也是如此:首先创建一个库,然后再使用它。
这是创建lib时的输出:
ar crv libsba.v1.5.a sba_levmar.o sba_levmar_wrap.o sba_lapack.o sba_crsm.o sba_chkjac.o
r - sba_levmar.o
r - sba_levmar_wrap.o
r - sba_lapack.o
r - sba_crsm.o
r - sba_chkjac.o
ranlib libsba.v1.5.a
这是申请表:
c++ -o bundler -O3 -Wall -fpermissive -I../lib/imagelib -I../lib/sfm-driver -I../lib/matrix -I../lib/5point -I../lib/sba-1.5 -I../lib/ann_1.1_char/include -L../lib -L../lib/ann_1.1_char/lib \
-D__NO_UI__ -D__BUNDLER__ -D__BUNDLER_DISTR__ BaseApp.o BundlerApp.o keys.o Register.o Epipolar.o Bundle.o BundleFast.o MatchTracks.o Camera.o Geometry.o ImageData.o SifterUtil.o BaseGeometry.o BundlerGeometry.o BoundingBox.o BundleAdd.o ComputeTracks.o BruteForceSearch.o BundleIO.o ProcessBundle.o BundleTwo.o Decompose.o RelativePose.o Distortion.o TwoFrameModel.o LoadJPEG.o -limage -lsfmdrv -lsba.v1.5 -lmatrix -lz -llapack -lblas -lcblas -lminpack -lm -l5point -ljpeg -lANN_char -lgfortran
ld: warning: ld: warning: ignoring file ../lib/libsba.v1.5.a, file was built for archive which is not the architecture being linked (x86_64)
在这种情况下,lipo
确实告诉我库的架构是x86_64:
$ lipo -info lib/libsba.v1.5.a
input file lib/libsba.v1.5.a is not a fat file
Non-fat file: lib/libsba.v1.5.a is architecture: x86_64
发生了什么事?
答案 0 :(得分:18)
可能的原因是使用GNU ar(1)
/ ranlib(1)
而不是Xcode工具链提供的GNU which -a ar
/ which -a ranlib
。运行$PATH
和$ which -a ranlib
/usr/local/bin/ranlib
/usr/bin/ranlib
$ /usr/local/bin/ranlib --version
GNU ranlib (GNU Binutils) 2.28.51.20170105
Copyright (C) 2017 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This program is free software; you may redistribute it under the terms of
the GNU General Public License version 3 or (at your option) any later version.
This program has absolutely no warranty.
$ /usr/bin/ralib --version
error: /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/bin/ranlib: unknown option character `-' in: --version
Usage: /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/bin/ranlib [-sactfqLT] [-] archive [...]
,查看ar
中的内容。
例如:
/usr/local/bin
/usr/bin
相同。如果你像我一样,$PATH
/usr/local/bin
前/usr/bin
,cd /usr/local/bin
mv ar gar
ln -s /usr/bin/ar ar
mv ranlib granlib
ln -s /usr/bin/ranlib ranlib
中的GNU工具和JSON
中的Xcode工具,那么你可以解决它:
"product_id"
答案 1 :(得分:4)
感谢this question with the same problem,我可以调查此问题。我对静态库没有太多经验,但我会尝试解释这个问题。
出于某种原因,Mac OSX ar
实用程序在静态库中创建“子目录”。例如,构建sba
库,make
从目标文件构建静态库的步骤是:
ar crv libsba.v1.5.a sba_levmar.o sba_levmar_wrap.o sba_lapack.o sba_crsm.o sba_chkjac.o
之后,如果我查看静态库的内容,我看到除了文件之外,还有一些奇怪的导演:
$ ar -t libsba.v1.5.a
__.SYMDEF
/
//
sba_levmar.o/
/0
sba_lapack.o/
sba_crsm.o/
sba_chkjac.o/
sba_levmar.o
sba_levmar_wrap.o
sba_lapack.o
sba_crsm.o
sba_chkjac.o
sba_levmar.o
sba_levmar_wrap.o
sba_lapack.o
sba_crsm.o
sba_chkjac.o
如果我们尝试提取这些文件,我们会收到有关子目录的一些错误:
$ ar -x libsba.v1.5.a
ar: /: Is a directory
ar: //: Is a directory
ar: sba_levmar.o/: Not a directory
ar: /0: Permission denied
ar: sba_lapack.o/: Not a directory
ar: sba_crsm.o/: Not a directory
ar: sba_chkjac.o/: Not a directory
现在,如果我们使用提取的目标文件再次创建lib,它将起作用:
$ ar crv libsba.v1.5.a lib_o/*.o
a - lib_o/sba_chkjac.o
a - lib_o/sba_crsm.o
a - lib_o/sba_lapack.o
a - lib_o/sba_levmar.o
a - lib_o/sba_levmar_wrap.o
$ ar -t libsba.v1.5.a
__.SYMDEF SORTED
sba_chkjac.o
sba_crsm.o
sba_lapack.o
sba_levmar.o
sba_levmar_wrap.o
我完全不了解原因,但它对我有用。
答案 2 :(得分:4)
使用libtool -static -a
可能更容易使用静态库。
Static library link issue with Mac OS X: symbol(s) not found for architecture x86_64
答案 3 :(得分:1)
我遇到了错误的架构错误消息的问题。它说如下:
ld: warning: ignoring file blah/lib/blahblah.a, file was built for archive which is not the architecture being linked (i386)
lipo给出:非胖文件:../ lib / blahblah.a是架构:x86_64
在makefile中它说如下: ARCH_FLAG = -arch x86_64 -arch i386
我评论了i386部分,错误消失了。 ARCH_FLAG = -arch x86_64#-arch i386
所以,我认为你可能因为同样的原因而得到错误。也许你只需要设置架构类来匹配你的库。
顺便说一句,我的makefile是由swig生成的,我没有为编译器设置任何开关。
答案 4 :(得分:1)
如果您已安装binutils
,请取消链接或将其卸载
brew unlink binutils