我正在使用找到的here指南制作测试博客。它非常全面。但是，我在使用alembic迁移时遇到了麻烦。我可以删除所有版本，并启动一个包含所有列的新数据库。但是，当我添加一个新列时，我遇到了问题。以下是我models.py中的代码：
models.py
....
class Person(db.Model):
__tablename__ = 'person'
id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)
email = db.Column(db.String(100), unique=True)
pwdhash = db.Column(db.String(100))
name = db.Column(db.String(100), unique=True)
def __init__(self, email, name, password):
self.email = email
self.name = name.title()
self.set_password(password)
def __repr__(self):
return '<User %r>' % (self.name)
def set_password(self, password):
self.pwdhash = generate_password_hash(password)
def check_password(self, password):
return check_password_hash(self.pwdhash, password)
@classmethod
def all(cls):
return Person.query.all()
class Category(db.Model):
__tablename__ = 'category'
id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)
name = db.Column(db.String(100), unique=True)
description = db.Column(db.Text)
def __unicode__(self):
return self.name
class Article(db.Model):
__tablename__ = 'articles'
id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)
title = db.Column(db.String(100))
body = db.Column(db.Text)
created = db.Column(db.DateTime, default=datetime.datetime.now)
category_name = db.Column(db.String(10), db.ForeignKey(Category.name))
category = db.relationship(Category)
person_name = db.Column(db.String(100), db.ForeignKey(Person.name, onupdate="CASCADE", ondelete="CASCADE"))
person = db.relationship(Person)
@property
def slug(self):
return urlify(self.title)
@classmethod
def all(cls):
return Article.query.order_by(desc(Article.created)).all()
@classmethod
def find_by_category(cls, category):
return Article.query.filter(Article.category_name == category).all()
这一切都很标准。但是，如果我要在我的People表中添加一个随机列，如下所示：
class Person(db.Model):
....
random_column = db.Column(db.Integer())
然后运行python manage.py db migrate（工作正常）然后运行python manage.py db upgrade然后我收到以下错误：
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "manage.py", line 7, in <module>
manager.run()
File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/flask_script/__init__.py", line 397, in run
result = self.handle(sys.argv[0], sys.argv[1:])
File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/flask_script/__init__.py", line 376, in handle
return handle(app, *positional_args, **kwargs)
File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/flask_script/commands.py", line 145, in handle
return self.run(*args, **kwargs)
File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/flask_migrate/__init__.py", line 82, in upgrade
command.upgrade(config, revision, sql = sql, tag = tag)
File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/alembic/command.py", line 124, in upgrade
script.run_env()
File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/alembic/script.py", line 199, in run_env
util.load_python_file(self.dir, 'env.py')
File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/alembic/util.py", line 198, in load_python_file
module = load_module(module_id, path)
File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/alembic/compat.py", line 55, in load_module
mod = imp.load_source(module_id, path, fp)
File "migrations/env.py", line 72, in <module>
run_migrations_online()
File "migrations/env.py", line 65, in run_migrations_online
context.run_migrations()
File "<string>", line 7, in run_migrations
File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/alembic/environment.py", line 652, in run_migrations
self.get_context().run_migrations(**kw)
File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/alembic/migration.py", line 225, in run_migrations
change(**kw)
File "migrations/versions/4171a9f6ed2a_.py", line 19, in upgrade
op.drop_index('category_name_key', 'category')
File "<string>", line 7, in drop_index
File "<string>", line 1, in <lambda>
File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/alembic/util.py", line 293, in go
return fn(*arg, **kw)
File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/alembic/operations.py", line 716, in drop_index
self._index(name, table_name, ['x'], schema=schema)
File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/alembic/ddl/impl.py", line 164, in drop_index
self._exec(schema.DropIndex(index))
File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/alembic/ddl/impl.py", line 76, in _exec
conn.execute(construct, *multiparams, **params)
File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/sqlalchemy/engine/base.py", line 662, in execute
params)
File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/sqlalchemy/engine/base.py", line 720, in _execute_ddl
compiled
File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/sqlalchemy/engine/base.py", line 874, in _execute_context
context)
File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/sqlalchemy/engine/base.py", line 1024, in _handle_dbapi_exception
exc_info
File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/sqlalchemy/util/compat.py", line 196, in raise_from_cause
reraise(type(exception), exception, tb=exc_tb)
File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/sqlalchemy/engine/base.py", line 867, in _execute_context
context)
File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/sqlalchemy/engine/default.py", line 324, in do_execute
cursor.execute(statement, parameters)
sqlalchemy.exc.InternalError: (InternalError) cannot drop index category_name_key because constraint category_name_key on table category requires it
HINT: You can drop constraint category_name_key on table category instead.
'\nDROP INDEX category_name_key' {}
它甚至没有提到我在stacktrace中创建的列的名称，因此这让我相信其他表有问题。它提到了索引的删除，但是我没有在迁移中做任何类似的操作，只是在People表中添加了一个列。是不是我不明白在alembic中？
就像我说的那样，当我启动一个全新的数据库并加载配置时，它可以很好地找到。只有当我做出改变并试图迁移时，这个问题才会引发我的错误。有谁知道为什么会这样？
修改
以防人们需要查看我的config.py文件：
config.py
import os
basedir = os.path.abspath(os.path.dirname(__file__))
#-----Config the app
SECRET_KEY = 'my_key'
CSRF_ENABLED = True
#-----Config Database
SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI = 'postgresql://username:changeme@localhost/test'
SQLALCHEMY_COMMIT_ON_TEARDOWN = True
SQLALCHEMY_MIGRATE_REPO = os.path.join(basedir, 'db_repository')
#-----Config Upload folder
UPLOAD_FOLDER = os.path.realpath('./snb/static') + '/uploads'
答案 0 :(得分：3)
我在Flask-Migrate上关注the link to the doc看看它是如何使用alembic的，它说：
migrate命令添加新的迁移脚本。你应该检查一下 并将其编辑为准确，因为Alembic无法检测到所有更改 你对你的模特做了什么。特别是它不检测索引，所以 那些需要手动添加到脚本中。
Flask-Migrate使用alembic的一个名为“autogenerate”的功能，它试图将数据库的状态与模型进行比较，并自动创建差异。
我们直接使用Alembic，我发现自动生成非常方便，但我必须手动编辑它，特别是当你处理索引和约束时。
因此，我的解决方案是按照说法进行操作并手动编辑迁移文件并删除您不想要的或虚假的行。