我有一个想法,我可以根据外键编写查询来查找根表的所有后代表。
查询如下所示:
select level, lpad(' ', 2 * (level - 1)) || uc.table_name as "TABLE", uc.constraint_name, uc.r_constraint_name
from all_constraints uc
where uc.constraint_type in ('R', 'P')
start with uc.table_name = 'ROOT_TAB'
connect by nocycle prior uc.constraint_name = uc.r_constraint_name
order by level asc;
结果我看起来像这样:
1 ROOT_TAB XPKROOTTAB 1 ROOT_TAB R_20 XPKPART_TAB 2 CHILD_TAB_1 R_40 XPKROOTTAB 2 CHILD_TAB_2 R_115 XPKROOTTAB 2 CHILD_TAB_3 R_50 XPKROOTTAB
此结果是ROOT_TAB
的所有子表,但查询不会递归到CHILD_TAB_1
,CHILD_TAB_2
或CHILD_TAB_3
的子项。
递归查询对我来说是新的,所以我猜我在connect by
子句中遗漏了一些东西,但我在这里画了一个空白。实际上是否可以在单个查询中获得ROOT_TAB
的完整层次结构,或者我最好在递归过程中包装查询?
答案 0 :(得分:7)
你想要这样的东西:
select t.table_name, level,lpad(' ', 2 * (level - 1))||t.table_name
from user_tables t
join user_constraints c1
on (t.table_name = c1.table_name
and c1.constraint_type in ('U', 'P'))
left join user_constraints c2
on (t.table_name = c2.table_name
and c2.constraint_type='R')
start with t.table_name = 'ROOT_TAB'
connect by prior c1.constraint_name = c2.r_constraint_name
原始查询的问题是子表的uc.constraint_name是外键的名称。这对于将第一个子节点连接到根表是很好的,但是不需要将第二个节点上的子节点连接到第一个节点。这就是为什么你需要连接两次约束 - 一次得到表的主键,一次得到外键。
顺便说一句,如果您要查询all_ *视图而不是user_ *视图,通常需要将它们连接到table_name AND owner,而不仅仅是table_name。如果多个模式具有相同名称的表,则仅加入table_name将得到不正确的结果。
答案 1 :(得分:3)
对于具有多个模式和多个根表的情况,请尝试类似:
WITH constraining_tables AS (SELECT owner, constraint_name, table_name
FROM all_constraints
WHERE owner LIKE 'ZZZ%' AND constraint_type IN ('U', 'P')),
constrained_tables AS (SELECT owner, constraint_name, table_name, r_owner, r_constraint_name
FROM all_constraints
WHERE owner LIKE 'ZZZ%' AND constraint_type = 'R'),
root_tables AS (SELECT owner, table_name FROM constraining_tables
MINUS
SELECT owner, table_name FROM constrained_tables)
SELECT c1.owner || '.' || c1.table_name, LEVEL, LPAD (' ', 2 * (LEVEL - 1)) || c1.owner || '.' || c1.table_name
FROM constraining_tables c1
LEFT JOIN
constrained_tables c2
ON c1.owner = c2.owner AND c1.table_name = c2.table_name
START WITH c1.owner || '.' || c1.table_name IN (SELECT owner || '.' || table_name FROM root_tables)
CONNECT BY PRIOR c1.constraint_name = c2.r_constraint_name
答案 2 :(得分:0)
经过深入调查后,我创建了自己的版本来处理所有表格,并在层次结构中检索表格的最大级别(它读取所有模式,同时考虑到没有父子关系的表格,这将是1级与根的一起)。如果您有权访问,请使用dba_ tables而不是all_1。
WITH hier AS (
SELECT child_table owner_table_name
, LEVEL lvl
, LPAD (' ', 4 * (LEVEL - 1)) || child_table indented_child_table
, sys_connect_by_path( child_table, '|' ) tree
FROM (
/*----------------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* Retrieve all tables. Set them as the Child column, and set their */
/* Parent Column to NULL. This is the root list (first iteration) */
/*----------------------------------------------------------------------*/
SELECT NULL parent_table
, a.owner || '.' || a.table_name child_table
FROM all_tables a
UNION
/*----------------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* List of all possible Parent-Child relations. This table is used as */
/* a link list, to link the current iteration with the next one, from */
/* root to last child (last child is what we are interested to find). */
/*----------------------------------------------------------------------*/
SELECT p.owner || '.' || p.table_name parent_table
, c.owner || '.' || c.table_name child_table
FROM all_constraints p, all_constraints c
WHERE p.owner || '.' || p.constraint_name = c.r_owner || '.' || c.r_constraint_name
AND (p.constraint_type = 'P' OR p.constraint_type = 'U')
AND c.constraint_type = 'R'
)
START WITH parent_table IS NULL
/*----------------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* NOCYCLE prevents infinite loops (i.e. self referencing table constr) */
/*----------------------------------------------------------------------*/
CONNECT BY NOCYCLE PRIOR child_table = parent_table
)
SELECT *
FROM hier
WHERE (owner_table_name, lvl) IN ( SELECT owner_table_name
, MAX(lvl)
FROM hier
GROUP BY owner_table_name
);
编辑: 在查找无限循环时,此查询存在“种类”问题。
如果我们有这棵树:
b --> c --> d
b <-- c
它会将lvl 2分配给c:b --> c
并且lvl 2到b为:c --> b
对于d,它将检测到b --> c --> d
所以它会分配lvl 3
正如你所看到的,问题出在循环内部,来自外部的值总是最大的正确lvl