返回带矩阵的表的存储过程

时间:2014-02-25 14:40:12

标签: sql sql-server stored-procedures

我有以下3个表格。

员工:

Name, LastName, SSN

课程实例:

Course, Year, Period

出席者:

Course, SSN, Year, Period, Hours

我正在尝试创建一个存储过程,该存储过程返回一个表,该表在给定年份的前4个过程实例中具有矩阵(作为过程的参数)。

返回的矩阵需要看起来像这样:

Name | LastName | Course | Course | Course | Course

四个不同的Course是特定年份的前四个课程,所以我现在得到的是找到这些课程的代码:

DECLARE myCursor CURSOR FOR
   SELECT top 4 Course 
   FROM Course Instance 
   WHERE Year = @year 
   ORDER by Period

矩阵的其余部分应该只是以某种方式从上面的表中获取值,基本上每个参加过任何课程的工作人员都应该在矩阵中提供正确的信息。在每个Course列下,我想要参加工作人员的小时数。

示例表

员工:

Name | LastName | SSN 
Steve  Lastname   234 
Pete   Steven     132

课程实例:

Course | Year | Period 
DVA123   2013   1 
DVA222   2014   2

出席者:

Course | SSN | Year | Period | Hours 
DVA123   234   2013   1        200 
DVA222   132   2014   2        50

预期的输出:

Name | LastName | DVA123 | DVA222 | nothing | nothing
Pete   Steven     200
Steve  Lastname            50

1 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:2)

我不确定CourseInstance究竟如何链接到参加者,但您可以使用PIVOTROW_NUMBER来实现此目的:

WITH Data AS
(   SELECT  s.Name, 
            s.LastName, 
            s.SSN,
            ci.Course,
            CourseNum = ROW_NUMBER() OVER(PARTITION BY s.SSN ORDER BY ci.Period)
    FROM    CourseInstance ci
            INNER JOIN AttendedBy a
                ON a.Course = ci.Course
                AND a.Year = ci.Year
                AND a.Period = ci.Period
            INNER JOIN Staff s
                ON s.SSN = a.SSN
    WHERE   ci.Year = @year 
)
SELECT  pvt.Name,
        pvt.LastName,
        Course1 = pvt.[1],
        Course2 = pvt.[2],
        Course3 = pvt.[3],
        Course4 = pvt.[4]
FROM    DATA
        PIVOT
        (   MAX(Course)
            FOR CourseNum IN ([1], [2], [3], [4])
        ) pvt;

它使用了MAX(Course),但这并不是真正相关,因为CourseNum对于每个SSN来说都是唯一的,无论如何你只选择最多的一行。您可以轻松使用MIN


我不提倡这种方法,但是,如果您选择动态SQL方法而不是在表示层中执行此操作,它将帮助您入门:

DECLARE @Courses NVARCHAR(MAX) = STUFF((SELECT  TOP 4 ',' + QUOTENAME(course)
                                        FROM    (   SELECT  course, Period, SortOrder = 0
                                                    FROM    CourseInstance
                                                    WHERE   Year = @Year
                                                    UNION ALL

                                                    -- THIS IS REQUIRED TO FILL GAPS WHERE THERE AREN'T ENOUGH COURSES
                                                    SELECT  TOP 4 
                                                            'Nothing' + CAST(ROW_NUMBER() OVER(ORDER BY object_id) AS CHAR(1)),
                                                            0,
                                                            1
                                                    FROM    sys.all_objects
                                                ) t
                                        ORDER BY SortOrder, Period, course
                                        FOR XML PATH(''), TYPE
                                        ).value('.', 'NVARCHAR(MAX)'), 1, 1, '');


DECLARE @SQL NVARCHAR(MAX) = 
    '   SELECT  Name, LastName, ' + @Courses + '
        FROM    (   SELECT  s.Name, s.LastName, s.SSN, ci.Course, a.Hours
                    FROM    AttendedBy a
                            INNER JOIN Staff s
                                ON s.SSN = a.SSN
                            INNER JOIN CourseInstance ci
                                ON a.Course = ci.Course
                                AND a.Year = ci.Year
                                AND a.Period = ci.Period
                ) d
                PIVOT
                (   SUM(Hours)
                    FOR Course IN (' + @Courses + ')
                ) pvt;';

EXECUTE SP_EXECUTESQL @SQL;