我在Learn you a Haskell中读过,Haskell中的列表推导可以改写为monadic join或(实际上是相同的)do-notation。
但是,当我尝试重写以下代码时(生成所有可能的列表,其中包含给定列表中的每个元素):
c :: [[a]] -> [[a]]
c [] = [[]]
c (x:xs) = [a:b | a <- x, b <- c xs]
以这种方式:
d :: [[a]] -> [[a]]
d [] = [[]]
d (x:xs) = do
a <- x
b <- d xs
return a:b
我收到以下错误:
Couldn't match type `a' with [a]
`a' is a rigid type variable bound by
the type signature for d :: [[a]] -> [[a]]
Expected type: [[a]]
Actual type: [a]
In the second argument of `(:)', namely `b'
In a stmt of a 'do' block: return a : b
如果我将do
的最后一行更改为:return a:[b]
,我不会收到错误,但结果显然不正确:
ghci> c [[1, 2], [3, 4]]
[[1,3],[1,4],[2,3],[2,4]]
ghci> d [[1, 2], [3, 4]]
[[1],[3],[1],[],[1],[4],[1],[],[2],[3],[2],[],[2],[4],[2],[]]
所以问题是:
答案 0 :(得分:10)
仔细查看错误消息:
Couldn't match type `a' with [a] `a' is a rigid type variable bound by the type signature for d :: [[a]] -> [[a]] Expected type: [[a]] Actual type: [a]In the second argument of `(:)', namely `b' In a stmt of a 'do' block: return a : b
这意味着它被解析为
(return a) : b
因此b
成为(:)
的第二个参数;但你打算把它作为
return (a : b)
答案 1 :(得分:6)
你需要括号。
return (a:b)