假设我有两个列表,L和M.现在我想知道它们是否共享一个元素。 如果他们共享一个元素,这将是最快的询问方式(在python中)? 我不关心他们分享哪些元素,或者分享多少元素,只要他们分享或不分享。
例如,在这种情况下
L = [1,2,3,4,5,6]
M = [8,9,10]
我应该得到假,在这里:
L = [1,2,3,4,5,6]
M = [5,6,7]
我应该成真。
我希望问题清楚。 谢谢!
曼努埃尔
答案 0 :(得分:31)
或者更简洁
if set(L) & set(M):
# there is an intersection
else:
# no intersection
如果您确实需要True
或False
bool(set(L) & set(M))
在运行一些时间后,这似乎也是一个很好的选择
m_set=set(M)
any(x in m_set for x in L)
如果M或L中的项目不可用,则必须使用效率较低的方法
any(x in M for x in L)
以下是100个项目列表的一些时间安排。没有交叉点时使用集合会快得多,而当有相当的交集时使用集合会慢一些。
M=range(100)
L=range(100,200)
timeit set(L) & set(M)
10000 loops, best of 3: 32.3 µs per loop
timeit any(x in M for x in L)
1000 loops, best of 3: 374 µs per loop
timeit m_set=frozenset(M);any(x in m_set for x in L)
10000 loops, best of 3: 31 µs per loop
L=range(50,150)
timeit set(L) & set(M)
10000 loops, best of 3: 18 µs per loop
timeit any(x in M for x in L)
100000 loops, best of 3: 4.88 µs per loop
timeit m_set=frozenset(M);any(x in m_set for x in L)
100000 loops, best of 3: 9.39 µs per loop
# Now for some random lists
import random
L=[random.randrange(200000) for x in xrange(1000)]
M=[random.randrange(200000) for x in xrange(1000)]
timeit set(L) & set(M)
1000 loops, best of 3: 420 µs per loop
timeit any(x in M for x in L)
10 loops, best of 3: 21.2 ms per loop
timeit m_set=set(M);any(x in m_set for x in L)
1000 loops, best of 3: 168 µs per loop
timeit m_set=frozenset(M);any(x in m_set for x in L)
1000 loops, best of 3: 371 µs per loop
答案 1 :(得分:5)
为了避免构建交集的工作,并在我们知道它们相交时立即产生答案:
m_set = frozenset(M)
return any(x in m_set for x in L)
更新: gnibbler尝试了这一点,发现用set()代替frozenset()运行得更快。 Whaddayaknow。
答案 2 :(得分:3)
首先,如果您不需要它们,请切换到set
类型。
如果您仍然需要列表类型,请按以下方式执行:0 == False
len(set.intersection(set(L), set(M)))
答案 3 :(得分:-1)
这是我能够提出的最平衡和最有效的方法(评论应该让代码易于理解):
import itertools, operator
def _compare_product(list1, list2):
"Return if any item in list1 equals any item in list2 exhaustively"
return any(
itertools.starmap(
operator.eq,
itertools.product(list1, list2)))
def do_they_intersect(list1, list2):
"Return if any item is common between list1 and list2"
# do not try to optimize for small list sizes
if len(list1) * len(list2) <= 100: # pick a small number
return _compare_product(list1, list2)
# first try to make a set from one of the lists
try: a_set= set(list1)
except TypeError:
try: a_set= set(list2)
except TypeError:
a_set= None
else:
a_list= list1
else:
a_list= list2
# here either a_set is None, or we have a_set and a_list
if a_set:
return any(itertools.imap(a_set.__contains__, a_list))
# try to sort the lists
try:
a_list1= sorted(list1)
a_list2= sorted(list2)
except TypeError: # sorry, not sortable
return _compare_product(list1, list2)
# they could be sorted, so let's take the N+M road,
# not the N*M
iter1= iter(a_list1)
iter2= iter(a_list2)
try:
item1= next(iter1)
item2= next(iter2)
except StopIteration: # one of the lists is empty
return False # ie no common items
while 1:
if item1 == item2:
return True
while item1 < item2:
try: item1= next(iter1)
except StopIteration: return False
while item2 < item1:
try: item2= next(iter2)
except StopIteration: return False
HTH。