我正在为包装TCP套接字的类编写单元测试（使用Mockito作为我的模拟库）。问题是任何在DataOutputStream上调用writeBytes的测试都会抛出空指针异常。
我在下面提供了三条信息：
1）被测试的课程，TCPClient
2）单元测试，TCPClientTest。失败的测试是testSendWhileActive（）和testSendWhileInactive（）
3）空指针异常的堆栈跟踪
我在调试器中运行测试并验证传递给dataOutStreamFact.get的参数不是null，也不是它的返回。我在下面列出了两个标识符：
OutputStream $$ EnhancerByMockitoWithCGLIB $$ 344932e5（id = 74）
mOutStream DataOutputStream $$ EnhancerByMockitoWithCGLIB $$ 4499185f（id = 114）
一件看似不寻常的事情是NPE的来源。它发生在第276行的DataOutputStream.java中，它尝试写入底层输出流。我只能假设如果我的模拟是正确创建的，我们就不会在DataOutputStream中执行任何代码。
正在测试的类：TCPClient
package com.plined.arenavideos;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.DataOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.net.Socket;
public class TCPClient extends Thread {
PacketListener mListener;
boolean mActive;
Socket mSocket;
DataOutputStream mOutStream;
BufferedReader mInStream;
public TCPClient(String ip, int port, PacketListener listener,
SocketFactory sockFact, DataOutputStreamFactory dataOutStreamFact,
BufferedReaderFactory buffReadFact) throws IOException {
mActive = true;
mSocket = sockFact.get(ip, port);
mOutStream = dataOutStreamFact.get(mSocket.getOutputStream());
mInStream = buffReadFact.get(mSocket.getInputStream());
mListener = listener;
}
/*
* Deactivates this tcp client so it no longer
* sends and listens to packets.
*/
public void deactive() {
mActive = false;
}
/*
*/
public void run() {
beginListening();
}
/*
* Begins listening for packets from the socket
* and passes them on to listeners when found.
*/
void beginListening() {
while(true) {
getPacket();
}
}
void getPacket() {
try {
String input = mInStream.readLine();
if (input == null) {
//TODO: Make it notify the manager here instead. SO it can cleanup.
throw new RuntimeException("Connection to master has died.");
}
if (mActive) {
System.out.println("Received data from master " + input);
mListener.processPacket(input);
}
} catch (IOException e) {
System.out.println("Error while receiving from stream");
}
}
/*
* Sends the provided data using the TCP socket.
*/
public void send(String data) throws IOException {
if (mActive) {
mOutStream.writeBytes(data);
}
}
public interface IFactory {
public TCPClient get(String ip, int port);
}
public interface SocketFactory {
public Socket get(String ip, int port);
}
public interface DataOutputStreamFactory {
public DataOutputStream get(OutputStream stream);
}
public interface BufferedReaderFactory {
public BufferedReader get(InputStream stream);
}
}
单元测试：TCPClientTest
package com.plined.arenavideos;
import static org.mockito.Mockito.*;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.DataOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.net.Socket;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.mockito.Mockito;
import com.plined.arenavideos.TCPClient.BufferedReaderFactory;
import com.plined.arenavideos.TCPClient.DataOutputStreamFactory;
import com.plined.arenavideos.TCPClient.SocketFactory;
public class TCPClientTest {
Socket mockSocket;
DataOutputStream mockDataOutStream;
BufferedReader mockBufferedReader;
SocketFactory mockSocketFactory;
DataOutputStreamFactory mockDataOutputStreamFactory;
BufferedReaderFactory mockBufferedReaderFactory;
PacketListener mockListener;
TCPClient clientUnderTest;
static final String packetData = "newJob^20^/home/perry/work/test.mp4^/home/perry/work/test_converted.mp4\n";
@Before
public void setup() throws IOException {
//Create our factory returns
mockSocket = mock(Socket.class);
when(mockSocket.getOutputStream()).thenReturn(mock(OutputStream.class));
when(mockSocket.getInputStream()).thenReturn(mock(InputStream.class));
mockDataOutStream = mock(DataOutputStream.class);
mockBufferedReader = mock(BufferedReader.class);
mockSocketFactory = mock(SocketFactory.class);
when(mockSocketFactory.get(anyString(), anyInt())).thenReturn(mockSocket);
mockDataOutputStreamFactory = mock(DataOutputStreamFactory.class);
when(mockDataOutputStreamFactory.get(any(OutputStream.class))).thenReturn(mockDataOutStream);
mockBufferedReaderFactory = mock(BufferedReaderFactory.class);
when(mockBufferedReaderFactory.get(any(InputStream.class))).thenReturn(mockBufferedReader);
mockListener = mock(PacketListener.class);
clientUnderTest = new TCPClient("52.50.30.25", 25200, mockListener, mockSocketFactory, mockDataOutputStreamFactory, mockBufferedReaderFactory);
}
@Test
public void testGetPacketPassToListener() throws IOException {
when(mockBufferedReader.readLine()).thenReturn(packetData);
clientUnderTest.getPacket();
verify(mockListener).processPacket(packetData);
}
@Test
public void testGetPacketDontPassAsInactive() throws IOException {
when(mockBufferedReader.readLine()).thenReturn(packetData);
clientUnderTest.deactive();
clientUnderTest.getPacket();
verify(mockListener, never()).processPacket(packetData);
}
@Test(expected=RuntimeException.class)
public void testGetPacketFailedConnection() throws IOException {
String packetData = null;
when(mockBufferedReader.readLine()).thenReturn(packetData);
clientUnderTest.getPacket();
}
//TODO: Fix this test.
//@Test
public void testSendWhileActive() throws IOException {
clientUnderTest.send(packetData);
verify(mockDataOutStream).writeBytes(packetData);
}
//TODO: Fix this test.
//@Test
public void testSendWhileInactive() throws IOException {
clientUnderTest.deactive();
clientUnderTest.send(packetData);
verify(mockDataOutStream, never()).writeBytes(packetData);
}
}
testSendWhileActive的堆栈跟踪
java.lang.NullPointerException
at java.io.DataOutputStream.writeBytes(DataOutputStream.java:276)
at com.plined.arenavideos.TCPClient.send(TCPClient.java:77)
at com.plined.arenavideos.TCPClientTest.testSendWhileActive(TCPClientTest.java:86)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:57)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:606)
at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod$1.runReflectiveCall(FrameworkMethod.java:47)
at org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:12)
at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod.invokeExplosively(FrameworkMethod.java:44)
at org.junit.internal.runners.statements.InvokeMethod.evaluate(InvokeMethod.java:17)
at org.junit.internal.runners.statements.RunBefores.evaluate(RunBefores.java:26)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runLeaf(ParentRunner.java:271)
at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:70)
at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:50)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.run(ParentRunner.java:238)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule(ParentRunner.java:63)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:236)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$000(ParentRunner.java:53)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:229)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:309)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit4.runner.JUnit4TestReference.run(JUnit4TestReference.java:50)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.TestExecution.run(TestExecution.java:38)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:467)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:683)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.run(RemoteTestRunner.java:390)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.main(RemoteTestRunner.java:197)
答案 0 :(得分：2)
预计，Mockito无法模拟最终方法或类，java.io.DataOutputStream.writeBytes(...)是最终的。 DataOutputStream课程不是final且同时具有final和非final public方法，因此Mockito在创建模拟时不会发出警告是合理的。
同样作为mockito提交者之一，我强烈建议你不要模拟你不拥有的类型。这有几个很好的理由。其中一个是如果你嘲笑某些东西，并且库调整或只是改变你的测试无法检测到的行为，这个代码可能在生产中失败，即在最糟糕的时刻！
相反，你应该通过声明预期的数据来重写这个测试。
HTH