Question

我在解释gcc（4.8.2）警告＆amp;错误。更准确地说，很难分辨出一个问题的结束和另一个问题的开始。我只有控制台访问构建机器，因此不能使用IDE。

我真的需要能够快速区分个别问题。有没有办法让GCC在不同的诊断消息之间插入一些内容？

以下是我得到的示例输出：

/usr2/viewstore_some/xy01/xy01_unix1/fubar/extensions/xmodel/core/code/src/DataItemCollection.cpp: In member function ‘virtual bool xmodel::Core::DataItemCollection::tryAdditionalItemRegistration(std::shared_ptr<xmodel::Core::IDataItem>) const’:
/usr2/viewstore_some/xy01/xy01_unix1/fubar/extensions/xmodel/core/code/src/DataItemCollection.cpp:414:66: error: no matching function for call to ‘bind(<unresolved overloaded function type>, const std::_Placeholder<1>&, const QUuid&)’
       , std::bind(&IDataItemCollectionScope::findItemById, _1, id)
                                                                  ^
/usr2/viewstore_some/xy01/xy01_unix1/fubar/extensions/xmodel/core/code/src/DataItemCollection.cpp:414:66: note: candidates are:
In file included from /gl-sync/compilers/gcc/4.8.2/sle11sp0/include/c++/4.8.2/bits/stl_algo.h:66:0,
                 from /gl-sync/compilers/gcc/4.8.2/sle11sp0/include/c++/4.8.2/algorithm:62,
                 from /gl-sync/thirdparty/Qt/4.8.4/lnx_x23.64/include/QtCore/qglobal.h:68,
                 from /gl-sync/thirdparty/Qt/4.8.4/lnx_x23.64/include/QtCore/qatomic.h:45,
                 from /gl-sync/thirdparty/Qt/4.8.4/lnx_x23.64/include/QtCore/qhash.h:45,
                 from /gl-sync/thirdparty/Qt/4.8.4/lnx_x23.64/include/QtCore/QHash:1,
                 from /usr2/viewstore_some/xy01/xy01_unix1/fubar/rappserv/code/include/convenience/stdhash_quuid.h:11,
                 from /usr2/viewstore_some/xy01/xy01_unix1/fubar/extensions/xmodel/core/code/include/xmodel/core/ItemId.h:11,
                 from /usr2/viewstore_some/xy01/xy01_unix1/fubar/extensions/xmodel/core/code/include/xmodel/core/IDataItem.h:11,
                 from /usr2/viewstore_some/xy01/xy01_unix1/fubar/extensions/xmodel/core/code/include/xmodel/core/DataItemDescriptor.h:11,
                 from /usr2/viewstore_some/xy01/xy01_unix1/fubar/extensions/xmodel/core/code/include/xmodel/core/IDataItemCollection.h:11,
                 from /usr2/viewstore_some/xy01/xy01_unix1/fubar/extensions/xmodel/core/code/src/DataItemCollection.h:11,
                 from /usr2/viewstore_some/xy01/xy01_unix1/fubar/extensions/xmodel/core/code/src/DataItemCollection.cpp:9:
/gl-sync/compilers/gcc/4.8.2/sle11sp0/include/c++/4.8.2/functional:1655:5: note: template<class _Func, class ... _BoundArgs> typename std::_Bind_helper<std::__or_<std::is_integral<typename std::decay<_Tp>::type>, std::is_enum<typename std::decay<_Tp>::type> >::value, _Func, _BoundArgs ...>::type std::bind(_Func&&, _BoundArgs&& ...)
     bind(_Func&& __f, _BoundArgs&&... __args)
     ^
/gl-sync/compilers/gcc/4.8.2/sle11sp0/include/c++/4.8.2/functional:1655:5: note:   template argument deduction/substitution failed:
/usr2/viewstore_some/xy01/xy01_unix1/fubar/extensions/xmodel/core/code/src/DataItemCollection.cpp:414:66: note:   couldn't deduce template parameter ‘_Func’
       , std::bind(&IDataItemCollectionScope::findItemById, _1, id)
                                                                  ^
In file included from /gl-sync/compilers/gcc/4.8.2/sle11sp0/include/c++/4.8.2/bits/stl_algo.h:66:0,
                 from /gl-sync/compilers/gcc/4.8.2/sle11sp0/include/c++/4.8.2/algorithm:62,
                 from /gl-sync/thirdparty/Qt/4.8.4/lnx_x23.64/include/QtCore/qglobal.h:68,
                 from /gl-sync/thirdparty/Qt/4.8.4/lnx_x23.64/include/QtCore/qatomic.h:45,
                 from /gl-sync/thirdparty/Qt/4.8.4/lnx_x23.64/include/QtCore/qhash.h:45,
                 from /gl-sync/thirdparty/Qt/4.8.4/lnx_x23.64/include/QtCore/QHash:1,
                 from /usr2/viewstore_some/xy01/xy01_unix1/fubar/rappserv/code/include/convenience/stdhash_quuid.h:11,
                 from /usr2/viewstore_some/xy01/xy01_unix1/fubar/extensions/xmodel/core/code/include/xmodel/core/ItemId.h:11,
                 from /usr2/viewstore_some/xy01/xy01_unix1/fubar/extensions/xmodel/core/code/include/xmodel/core/IDataItem.h:11,
                 from /usr2/viewstore_some/xy01/xy01_unix1/fubar/extensions/xmodel/core/code/include/xmodel/core/DataItemDescriptor.h:11,
                 from /usr2/viewstore_some/xy01/xy01_unix1/fubar/extensions/xmodel/core/code/include/xmodel/core/IDataItemCollection.h:11,
                 from /usr2/viewstore_some/xy01/xy01_unix1/fubar/extensions/xmodel/core/code/src/DataItemCollection.h:11,
                 from /usr2/viewstore_some/xy01/xy01_unix1/fubar/extensions/xmodel/core/code/src/DataItemCollection.cpp:9:
/gl-sync/compilers/gcc/4.8.2/sle11sp0/include/c++/4.8.2/functional:1682:5: note: template<class _Result, class _Func, class ... _BoundArgs> typename std::_Bindres_helper<_Result, _Func, _BoundArgs>::type std::bind(_Func&&, _BoundArgs&& ...)
     bind(_Func&& __f, _BoundArgs&&... __args)
     ^
/gl-sync/compilers/gcc/4.8.2/sle11sp0/include/c++/4.8.2/functional:1682:5: note:   template argument deduction/substitution failed:
/usr2/viewstore_some/xy01/xy01_unix1/fubar/extensions/xmodel/core/code/src/DataItemCollection.cpp:414:66: note:   couldn't deduce template parameter ‘_Result’
       , std::bind(&IDataItemCollectionScope::findItemById, _1, id)
                                                                  ^
/usr2/viewstore_some/xy01/xy01_unix1/fubar/extensions/xmodel/core/code/src/DataItemCollection.cpp:417:1: error: control reaches end of non-void function [-Werror=return-type]
 }
 ^

这个实际上并不是那么糟糕，因为没有涉及宏扩展（我们也使用Boost.Preprocessor）。尽管如此，很难一眼就看出这个输出是关于两个问题的，第二个是最后3行，第一个是在此之前占据整个文本墙。

有没有办法在它们之间插入一些分隔符？即使是空白行也可以，您可以搜索或grep。

我已阅读GCC docs on Options to Control Diagnostic Messages Formatting，但我找不到任何内容。 [也不能用作搜索锚点，因为并非所有消息都有一个（上面的第一个消息没有）。我没有想法。

Answer 1

您可以尝试使用vim及其quickfix功能。我不知道你对vim有多熟悉，但它的:make命令会运行构建并捕获产生的错误，然后使用:cnext（或更短的:cn）进行迭代所有错误和编辑器跳转到包含错误的文件+行。上面的链接中记录了许多其他功能，但这基本上是它的要点。

Answer 2

分析

我正在使用其他人编写的一些代码（准确地调试SO上的另一个问题），并且我抑制了-Werror选项以获得警告：

$ gcc -O3 -g -std=c11 -Wall -Wextra stl.c -o stl
stl.c: In function ‘printStudent’:
stl.c:84:5: warning: format ‘%s’ expects argument of type ‘char *’, but argument 2 has type ‘List’ [-Wformat=]
     printf("Name: %s ", student->first);
     ^
stl.c:84:5: warning: format ‘%s’ expects argument of type ‘char *’, but argument 2 has type ‘List’ [-Wformat=]
stl.c:85:5: warning: format ‘%s’ expects argument of type ‘char *’, but argument 2 has type ‘int’ [-Wformat=]
     printf("Grade: %s\n", student->grade);
     ^
stl.c:85:5: warning: format ‘%s’ expects argument of type ‘char *’, but argument 2 has type ‘int’ [-Wformat=]
$

并启用-Werror以获取错误消息：

$ gcc -O3 -g -std=c11 -Wall -Wextra -Werror stl.c -o stl
stl.c: In function ‘printStudent’:
stl.c:84:5: error: format ‘%s’ expects argument of type ‘char *’, but argument 2 has type ‘List’ [-Werror=format=]
     printf("Name: %s ", student->first);
     ^
stl.c:84:5: error: format ‘%s’ expects argument of type ‘char *’, but argument 2 has type ‘List’ [-Werror=format=]
stl.c:85:5: error: format ‘%s’ expects argument of type ‘char *’, but argument 2 has type ‘int’ [-Werror=format=]
     printf("Grade: %s\n", student->grade);
     ^
stl.c:85:5: error: format ‘%s’ expects argument of type ‘char *’, but argument 2 has type ‘int’ [-Werror=format=]
cc1: all warnings being treated as errors
$

您收到一些＆＃39;上下文消息＆＃39;，例如In function消息，但每个警告都以<source file>:<line>:<col>: warning:开头，每个错误都以包含error的行开头取代warning。它将继续显示下一个上下文消息，或下一个警告或错误消息，或最终摘要行（＆＃39;所有警告都被视为错误＆＃39;）。如果您正在生成额外信息（-H或-v选项），那么生活就会更复杂，但对于常规编辑而言，这将涵盖它。

在你更广泛的C ++示例中，你有一个上下文消息加上两个错误，有多个注释来解释为什么会产生第一个错误。

合成

因此，可以使用合适的标记分割消息。实际上，使用简单的sed脚本可以很容易地完成它：

#!/bin/sh
#
# Insert markers before GCC warning and error messages

sed -e '
/^.*:[1-9][0-9]*:[1-9][0-9]*: warning: /i\
\
-- WARNING --\
\

/^.*:[1-9][0-9]*:[1-9][0-9]*: error: /i\
\
-- ERROR --\
\
' "$@"

脚本发现了诊断输出中的第二个错误，我在第一眼就看错了。

实施例

这里有你的例子和我的一些复合输出（加上未经编辑的编译命令行，杂项）：

/usr2/viewstore_some/xy01/xy01_unix1/fubar/extensions/xmodel/core/code/src/DataItemCollection.cpp: In member function ‘virtual bool xmodel::Core::DataItemCollection::tryAdditionalItemRegistration(std::shared_ptr<xmodel::Core::IDataItem>) const’:

-- ERROR --

/usr2/viewstore_some/xy01/xy01_unix1/fubar/extensions/xmodel/core/code/src/DataItemCollection.cpp:414:66: error: no matching function for call to ‘bind(<unresolved overloaded function type>, const std::_Placeholder<1>&, const QUuid&)’
       , std::bind(&IDataItemCollectionScope::findItemById, _1, id)
                                                                  ^
/usr2/viewstore_some/xy01/xy01_unix1/fubar/extensions/xmodel/core/code/src/DataItemCollection.cpp:414:66: note: candidates are:
In file included from /gl-sync/compilers/gcc/4.8.2/sle11sp0/include/c++/4.8.2/bits/stl_algo.h:66:0,
                 from /gl-sync/compilers/gcc/4.8.2/sle11sp0/include/c++/4.8.2/algorithm:62,
                 from /gl-sync/thirdparty/Qt/4.8.4/lnx_x23.64/include/QtCore/qglobal.h:68,
                 from /gl-sync/thirdparty/Qt/4.8.4/lnx_x23.64/include/QtCore/qatomic.h:45,
                 from /gl-sync/thirdparty/Qt/4.8.4/lnx_x23.64/include/QtCore/qhash.h:45,
                 from /gl-sync/thirdparty/Qt/4.8.4/lnx_x23.64/include/QtCore/QHash:1,
                 from /usr2/viewstore_some/xy01/xy01_unix1/fubar/rappserv/code/include/convenience/stdhash_quuid.h:11,
                 from /usr2/viewstore_some/xy01/xy01_unix1/fubar/extensions/xmodel/core/code/include/xmodel/core/ItemId.h:11,
                 from /usr2/viewstore_some/xy01/xy01_unix1/fubar/extensions/xmodel/core/code/include/xmodel/core/IDataItem.h:11,
                 from /usr2/viewstore_some/xy01/xy01_unix1/fubar/extensions/xmodel/core/code/include/xmodel/core/DataItemDescriptor.h:11,
                 from /usr2/viewstore_some/xy01/xy01_unix1/fubar/extensions/xmodel/core/code/include/xmodel/core/IDataItemCollection.h:11,
                 from /usr2/viewstore_some/xy01/xy01_unix1/fubar/extensions/xmodel/core/code/src/DataItemCollection.h:11,
                 from /usr2/viewstore_some/xy01/xy01_unix1/fubar/extensions/xmodel/core/code/src/DataItemCollection.cpp:9:
/gl-sync/compilers/gcc/4.8.2/sle11sp0/include/c++/4.8.2/functional:1655:5: note: template<class _Func, class ... _BoundArgs> typename std::_Bind_helper<std::__or_<std::is_integral<typename std::decay<_Tp>::type>, std::is_enum<typename std::decay<_Tp>::type> >::value, _Func, _BoundArgs ...>::type std::bind(_Func&&, _BoundArgs&& ...)
     bind(_Func&& __f, _BoundArgs&&... __args)
     ^
/gl-sync/compilers/gcc/4.8.2/sle11sp0/include/c++/4.8.2/functional:1655:5: note:   template argument deduction/substitution failed:
/usr2/viewstore_some/xy01/xy01_unix1/fubar/extensions/xmodel/core/code/src/DataItemCollection.cpp:414:66: note:   couldn't deduce template parameter ‘_Func’
       , std::bind(&IDataItemCollectionScope::findItemById, _1, id)
                                                                  ^
In file included from /gl-sync/compilers/gcc/4.8.2/sle11sp0/include/c++/4.8.2/bits/stl_algo.h:66:0,
                 from /gl-sync/compilers/gcc/4.8.2/sle11sp0/include/c++/4.8.2/algorithm:62,
                 from /gl-sync/thirdparty/Qt/4.8.4/lnx_x23.64/include/QtCore/qglobal.h:68,
                 from /gl-sync/thirdparty/Qt/4.8.4/lnx_x23.64/include/QtCore/qatomic.h:45,
                 from /gl-sync/thirdparty/Qt/4.8.4/lnx_x23.64/include/QtCore/qhash.h:45,
                 from /gl-sync/thirdparty/Qt/4.8.4/lnx_x23.64/include/QtCore/QHash:1,
                 from /usr2/viewstore_some/xy01/xy01_unix1/fubar/rappserv/code/include/convenience/stdhash_quuid.h:11,
                 from /usr2/viewstore_some/xy01/xy01_unix1/fubar/extensions/xmodel/core/code/include/xmodel/core/ItemId.h:11,
                 from /usr2/viewstore_some/xy01/xy01_unix1/fubar/extensions/xmodel/core/code/include/xmodel/core/IDataItem.h:11,
                 from /usr2/viewstore_some/xy01/xy01_unix1/fubar/extensions/xmodel/core/code/include/xmodel/core/DataItemDescriptor.h:11,
                 from /usr2/viewstore_some/xy01/xy01_unix1/fubar/extensions/xmodel/core/code/include/xmodel/core/IDataItemCollection.h:11,
                 from /usr2/viewstore_some/xy01/xy01_unix1/fubar/extensions/xmodel/core/code/src/DataItemCollection.h:11,
                 from /usr2/viewstore_some/xy01/xy01_unix1/fubar/extensions/xmodel/core/code/src/DataItemCollection.cpp:9:
/gl-sync/compilers/gcc/4.8.2/sle11sp0/include/c++/4.8.2/functional:1682:5: note: template<class _Result, class _Func, class ... _BoundArgs> typename std::_Bindres_helper<_Result, _Func, _BoundArgs>::type std::bind(_Func&&, _BoundArgs&& ...)
     bind(_Func&& __f, _BoundArgs&&... __args)
     ^
/gl-sync/compilers/gcc/4.8.2/sle11sp0/include/c++/4.8.2/functional:1682:5: note:   template argument deduction/substitution failed:
/usr2/viewstore_some/xy01/xy01_unix1/fubar/extensions/xmodel/core/code/src/DataItemCollection.cpp:414:66: note:   couldn't deduce template parameter ‘_Result’
       , std::bind(&IDataItemCollectionScope::findItemById, _1, id)
                                                                  ^

-- ERROR --

/usr2/viewstore_some/xy01/xy01_unix1/fubar/extensions/xmodel/core/code/src/DataItemCollection.cpp:417:1: error: control reaches end of non-void function [-Werror=return-type]
 }
 ^
'stl' is up to date.
    gcc -O3   -g   -I/Users/jleffler/inc   -std=c11   -Wall -Wextra -Wmissing-prototypes -Wstrict-prototypes -Wold-style-definition     stl.c -o stl -L/Users/jleffler/lib/64 -ljl
    gcc -O3   -g   -I/Users/jleffler/inc   -std=c11   -Wall -Wextra -Wmissing-prototypes -Wstrict-prototypes -Wold-style-definition     stl.c -o stl -L/Users/jleffler/lib/64 -ljl
stl.c: In function ‘printStudent’:

-- WARNING --

stl.c:84:5: warning: format ‘%s’ expects argument of type ‘char *’, but argument 2 has type ‘List’ [-Wformat=]
     printf("Name: %s ", student->first);
     ^

-- WARNING --

stl.c:84:5: warning: format ‘%s’ expects argument of type ‘char *’, but argument 2 has type ‘List’ [-Wformat=]

-- WARNING --

stl.c:85:5: warning: format ‘%s’ expects argument of type ‘char *’, but argument 2 has type ‘int’ [-Wformat=]
     printf("Grade: %s\n", student->grade);
     ^

-- WARNING --

stl.c:85:5: warning: format ‘%s’ expects argument of type ‘char *’, but argument 2 has type ‘int’ [-Wformat=]
    gcc -O3   -g   -I/Users/jleffler/inc   -std=c11   -Wall -Wextra -Wmissing-prototypes -Wstrict-prototypes -Wold-style-definition -Werror    stl.c -o stl -L/Users/jleffler/lib/64 -ljl
stl.c: In function ‘printStudent’:

-- ERROR --

stl.c:84:5: error: format ‘%s’ expects argument of type ‘char *’, but argument 2 has type ‘List’ [-Werror=format=]
     printf("Name: %s ", student->first);
     ^

-- ERROR --

stl.c:84:5: error: format ‘%s’ expects argument of type ‘char *’, but argument 2 has type ‘List’ [-Werror=format=]

-- ERROR --

stl.c:85:5: error: format ‘%s’ expects argument of type ‘char *’, but argument 2 has type ‘int’ [-Werror=format=]
     printf("Grade: %s\n", student->grade);
     ^

-- ERROR --

stl.c:85:5: error: format ‘%s’ expects argument of type ‘char *’, but argument 2 has type ‘int’ [-Werror=format=]
cc1: all warnings being treated as errors

Answer 3

您的问题有多种解决方案。

首先要问的是，您是否愿意将GCC升级到4.9？如果是，那很好，因为GCC 4.9本身支持诊断输出着色：

-fdiagnostics-color[=WHEN]
-fno-diagnostics-color

您可以找到有关使用情况的更多信息here。

另一方面，如果你想坚持使用GCC 4.8.2，你有以下选择：

colorGCC

colorgcc是由Jamie Moyers编写的Perl脚本，用于着色 GCC的终端输出，因此可以在更长的时间内找到错误消息编译器输出。
GilCC

GilCC是一个Ruby程序，它将使任何输出着色编译器如GCC。所以如果你是GCC用户，你可能会意识到很难从其他文本中分辨出“警告”和“错误”。 GilCC是为解决这个问题而写的。
gccfilter（更多针对g ++）

gccfilter是一个用于着色和简化（或扩展）gcc的过滤器诊断信息。 gccfilter特别针对g ++（即关于C ++）消息可以包含很多与模板相关的消息错误或警告难以理解。

分别告诉gcc诊断

3 个答案:

分析

合成

实施例