如何生成需要更新的软件包列表，即包含软件包名称，当前安装的版本以及软件库中可用版本的表？
我尝试过hack packageStatus()，installed.packages()，update.packages()，但我无法强制这些功能产生所需的输出。
请注意，我不想要实际更新这些包;我只是想看看提到的清单。
答案 0 :(得分：6)
您是否了解函数old.packages()？
来自help(update.packages)：
‘old.packages’ indicates packages which have a (suitable) later
version on the repositories whereas ‘update.packages’ offers to
download and install such packages.
答案 1 :(得分：6)
看看old.packages()。在我的系统上我有：
R> old.packages()
Package LibPath Installed Built ReposVer Repository
bnlearn "bnlearn" "/home/gavin/R/build/3.0-patched/library" "3.4" "3.0.2" "3.5" "http://cran.rstudio.com/src/contrib"
deldir "deldir" "/home/gavin/R/build/3.0-patched/library" "0.1-4" "3.0.2" "0.1-5" "http://cran.rstudio.com/src/contrib"
devtools "devtools" "/home/gavin/R/build/3.0-patched/library" "1.3" "3.0.2" "1.4.1" "http://cran.rstudio.com/src/contrib"
digest "digest" "/home/gavin/R/build/3.0-patched/library" "0.6.3" "3.0.2" "0.6.4" "http://cran.rstudio.com/src/contrib"
extrafont "extrafont" "/home/gavin/R/build/3.0-patched/library" "0.15" "3.0.2" "0.16" "http://cran.rstudio.com/src/contrib"
forecast "forecast" "/home/gavin/R/build/3.0-patched/library" "4.8" "3.0.2" "5.1" "http://cran.rstudio.com/src/contrib"
foreign "foreign" "/home/gavin/R/build/3.0-patched/library" "0.8-57" "3.0.2" "0.8-59" "http://cran.rstudio.com/src/contrib"
Matrix "Matrix" "/home/gavin/R/build/3.0-patched/library" "1.1-0" "3.0.2" "1.1-2" "http://cran.rstudio.com/src/contrib"
matrixStats "matrixStats" "/home/gavin/R/build/3.0-patched/library" "0.8.12" "3.0.2" "0.8.14" "http://cran.rstudio.com/src/contrib"
mgcv "mgcv" "/home/gavin/R/build/3.0-patched/library" "1.7-27" "3.0.2" "1.7-28" "http://cran.rstudio.com/src/contrib"
mvtnorm "mvtnorm" "/home/gavin/R/build/3.0-patched/library" "0.9-9996" "3.0.2" "0.9-9997" "http://cran.rstudio.com/src/contrib"
party "party" "/home/gavin/R/build/3.0-patched/library" "1.0-11" "3.0.2" "1.0-13" "http://cran.rstudio.com/src/contrib"
R.methodsS3 "R.methodsS3" "/home/gavin/R/build/3.0-patched/library" "1.5.2" "3.0.2" "1.6.1" "http://cran.rstudio.com/src/contrib"
raster "raster" "/home/gavin/R/build/3.0-patched/library" "2.2-5" "3.0.2" "2.2-12" "http://cran.rstudio.com/src/contrib"
Rcpp "Rcpp" "/home/gavin/R/build/3.0-patched/library" "0.10.6" "3.0.2" "0.11.0" "http://cran.rstudio.com/src/contrib"
RcppArmadillo "RcppArmadillo" "/home/gavin/R/build/3.0-patched/library" "0.3.920.1" "3.0.2" "0.4.000.2" "http://cran.rstudio.com/src/contrib"
rgl "rgl" "/home/gavin/R/build/3.0-patched/library" "0.93.991" "3.0.2" "0.93.996" "http://cran.rstudio.com/src/contrib"
rpart "rpart" "/home/gavin/R/build/3.0-patched/library" "4.1-3" "3.0.2" "4.1-5" "http://cran.rstudio.com/src/contrib"
scatterplot3d "scatterplot3d" "/home/gavin/R/build/3.0-patched/library" "0.3-34" "3.0.2" "0.3-35" "http://cran.rstudio.com/src/contrib"
survival "survival" "/home/gavin/R/build/3.0-patched/library" "2.37-4" "3.0.2" "2.37-7" "http://cran.rstudio.com/src/contrib"
根据您的具体要求：
R> old.packages()[, c("Package","Installed","ReposVer")]
Package Installed ReposVer
bnlearn "bnlearn" "3.4" "3.5"
deldir "deldir" "0.1-4" "0.1-5"
devtools "devtools" "1.3" "1.4.1"
digest "digest" "0.6.3" "0.6.4"
extrafont "extrafont" "0.15" "0.16"
forecast "forecast" "4.8" "5.1"
foreign "foreign" "0.8-57" "0.8-59"
Matrix "Matrix" "1.1-0" "1.1-2"
matrixStats "matrixStats" "0.8.12" "0.8.14"
mgcv "mgcv" "1.7-27" "1.7-28"
mvtnorm "mvtnorm" "0.9-9996" "0.9-9997"
party "party" "1.0-11" "1.0-13"
R.methodsS3 "R.methodsS3" "1.5.2" "1.6.1"
raster "raster" "2.2-5" "2.2-12"
Rcpp "Rcpp" "0.10.6" "0.11.0"
RcppArmadillo "RcppArmadillo" "0.3.920.1" "0.4.000.2"
rgl "rgl" "0.93.991" "0.93.996"
rpart "rpart" "4.1-3" "4.1-5"
scatterplot3d "scatterplot3d" "0.3-34" "0.3-35"
survival "survival" "2.37-4" "2.37-7"