在我的应用程序中，我通过UnitOfWork连接到控制器的通用存储库。我想对我的应用进行单元测试。为此，我需要模拟数据库连接。 你能告诉我应该怎么做吗？模拟回购？模拟回购和UnitOfWork？我会感激任何代码片段/建议。 在这里我的回购：
public class GenericRepository<TEntity> where TEntity : class
{
internal EquipmentEntities context;
internal DbSet<TEntity> dbSet;
public GenericRepository(EquipmentEntities context)
{
this.context = context;
this.dbSet = context.Set<TEntity>();
}
public virtual IEnumerable<TEntity> Get(
List<Expression<Func<TEntity, bool>>> filter,
Func<IQueryable<TEntity>, IOrderedQueryable<TEntity>> orderBy = null,
int? Page=0,
params Expression<Func<TEntity, object>>[] included)
{
IQueryable<TEntity> query = dbSet;
foreach(var z in included)
{
query=query.Include(z);
}
if (orderBy != null)
{
query = orderBy(query);
query = query.Skip((Page.Value - 1) * 30).Take(30);
}
if (filter != null)
{
foreach (var z in filter)
{
query = query.Where(z);
}
}
return query.ToList();
}
public virtual TEntity GetByID(object id)
{
return dbSet.Find(id);
}
public virtual void Insert(TEntity entity)
{
dbSet.Add(entity);
}
public virtual void Delete(object id)
{
TEntity entityToDelete = dbSet.Find(id);
Delete(entityToDelete);
}
public virtual void Delete(TEntity entityToDelete)
{
if (context.Entry(entityToDelete).State == EntityState.Detached)
{
dbSet.Attach(entityToDelete);
}
dbSet.Remove(entityToDelete);
}
public virtual void Update(TEntity entityToUpdate)
{
dbSet.Attach(entityToUpdate);
context.Entry(entityToUpdate).State = EntityState.Modified;
}
}
和UnitOfWork：
public class UnitOfWork {
private EquipmentEntities context = new EquipmentEntities();
private GenericRepository<Role> RoleRepository;
private GenericRepository<Storage> StorageRepository;
private GenericRepository<Device> DeviceRepository;
private GenericRepository<DeviceInstance> DeviceInstanceRepository;
private GenericRepository<DeviceUsage> DeviceUsageRepository;
private GenericRepository<User> UserRepository;
public GenericRepository<Role> roleRepository
{
get
{
if (this.RoleRepository == null)
{
this.RoleRepository = new GenericRepository<Role>(context);
}
return RoleRepository;
}
}
/*
* redundant code for other controllers
*/
public void Save()
{
context.SaveChanges();
}
private bool disposed = false;
protected virtual void Dispose(bool disposing)
{
if (!this.disposed)
{
if (disposing)
{
context.Dispose();
}
}
this.disposed = true;
}
public void Dispose()
{
Dispose(true);
GC.SuppressFinalize(this);
}
}
样本控制器：
public class UserController : Controller
{
//private EquipmentEntities db = new EquipmentEntities();
private UnitOfWork unitOfWork = new UnitOfWork();
// GET: /User/
public ActionResult Index(string Name, string Surname, int? Page, string submit)
{
List<Expression<Func<User, bool>>> where = new List<Expression<Func<User, bool>>>();
if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(Name))
{
where.Add(w => w.Name.Contains(Name));
}
if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(Surname))
{
where.Add(w => w.Surname.Contains(Surname));
}
var users = unitOfWork.userRepository.Get(where, null, Page, u => u.Role);
return View(users);
}
// GET: /User/Details/5
public ActionResult Details(int? id)
{
if (id == null)
{
return new HttpStatusCodeResult(HttpStatusCode.BadRequest);
}
User user = unitOfWork.userRepository.GetByID(id.Value);
//User user = db.Users.Find(id);
if (user == null)
{
return HttpNotFound();
}
return View(user);
}
// GET: /User/Create
public ActionResult Create()
{
ViewBag.RoleId = new SelectList(unitOfWork.roleRepository.Get(null), "Id", "RoleName");
return View();
}
// POST: /User/Create
// To protect from overposting attacks, please enable the specific properties you want to bind to, for
// more details see http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=317598.
[HttpPost]
[ValidateAntiForgeryToken]
public ActionResult Create([Bind(Include="Id,EmployeeNo,Name,Surname,ContactInfo,RoleId")] User user)
{
if (ModelState.IsValid)
{
unitOfWork.userRepository.Insert(user);
unitOfWork.Save();
return RedirectToAction("Index");
}
ViewBag.RoleId = new SelectList(unitOfWork.roleRepository.Get(null), "Id", "RoleName", user.RoleId);
return View(user);
}
// GET: /User/Edit/5
public ActionResult Edit(int? id)
{
if (id == null)
{
return new HttpStatusCodeResult(HttpStatusCode.BadRequest);
}
User user = unitOfWork.userRepository.GetByID(id.Value);
if (user == null)
{
return HttpNotFound();
}
ViewBag.RoleId = new SelectList(unitOfWork.roleRepository.Get(null), "Id", "RoleName", user.RoleId);
return View(user);
}
// POST: /User/Edit/5
// To protect from overposting attacks, please enable the specific properties you want to bind to, for
// more details see http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=317598.
[HttpPost]
[ValidateAntiForgeryToken]
public ActionResult Edit([Bind(Include="Id,EmployeeNo,Name,Surname,ContactInfo,RoleId")] User user)
{
if (ModelState.IsValid)
{
unitOfWork.userRepository.Update(user);
unitOfWork.Save();
return RedirectToAction("Index");
}
ViewBag.RoleId = new SelectList(unitOfWork.roleRepository.Get(null), "Id", "RoleName", user.RoleId);
return View(user);
}
// GET: /User/Delete/5
public ActionResult Delete(int? id)
{
if (id == null)
{
return new HttpStatusCodeResult(HttpStatusCode.BadRequest);
}
User user = unitOfWork.userRepository.GetByID(id.Value);
if (user == null)
{
return HttpNotFound();
}
if (unitOfWork.deviceUsageRepository.Get(null).Where(w => w.UserId == id) != null)
{
ViewBag.Error = 1;
ModelState.AddModelError("", "Nie można kasować uyztkownika z przypisanymi urządzeniami");
}
else
{
ViewBag.Error = 0;
}
return View(user);
}
// POST: /User/Delete/5
[HttpPost, ActionName("Delete")]
[ValidateAntiForgeryToken]
public ActionResult DeleteConfirmed(int id)
{
User user = unitOfWork.userRepository.GetByID(id);
unitOfWork.deviceUsageRepository.Delete(user);
unitOfWork.Save();
return RedirectToAction("Index");
}
protected override void Dispose(bool disposing)
{
if (disposing)
{
unitOfWork.Save();
}
base.Dispose(disposing);
}
}
答案 0 :(得分：11)
不幸的是，您的GenericRepository<T>与您的上下文紧密耦合，而您的UnitOfWork实现与您的存储库紧密耦合。这使得无法模仿它。
你必须引入松耦合：
IRepository<T>，并使用GenericRepository<T>类IUnitOfWork并使用您的UnitOfWork类IUnitOfWork界面仅指IRepository<T>，不指GenericRepository<T> IUnitOfWork而不是UnitOfWork。IRepositoryFactory（具有相应的实现），这将允许您按需创建特定的存储库。工厂将使用通用Create方法来创建通用存储库。然后可以将此工厂注入您的工作单元实施中。现在，您可以模拟工作单元和/或存储库的每个部分。
我在上面的文本中删除了存储库工厂，以及下面的代码。原因是，当我尝试创建伪代码时，我将上下文传递给泛型存储库时遇到了一些麻烦，因为存储库工厂不知道这个对象。而且，由于通用存储库的工作单元和都是紧密耦合的（因为它们共享上下文对象），我提出了以下解决方案：
public interface IRepository<TEntity> where TEntity: class {
// Your methods
}
public class GenericRepository<TEntity> : IRepository<TEntity> where TEntity : class {
public GenericRepository<TEntity>(EquipmentEntities context) {
// Your constructor
}
// Your implementation
}
public interface IUnitOfWork : IDisposable {
IRepository<Role> RoleRepository { get; }
IRepository<Storage> StorageRepository { get; }
// etc
void Save();
}
public class UnitOfWork : IUnitOfWork {
public UnitOfWork () {
this.context = new EquipmentEntities ();
}
private EquipmentEntities context = null;
private IRepository<Role> roleRepository;
public IRepository<Role> RoleRepository {
get {
if (this.roleRepository == null) {
this.roleRepository = new GenericRepository<Role>(context);
}
return this.roleRepository;
}
}
// etc... other repositories
// etc... your implementation for Save and Dispose
}
答案 1 :(得分：1)
如上所述，您的班级之间的凝聚力很高。
优选的方法是通过使用界面来打破这种凝聚力（引入隔离）。但是，您也可以使用Microsoft的伪造框架来创建垫片。垫片允许您转移对象的方法和属性的行为，以创建具体类型的模拟。
使用填充程序将应用程序与其他程序集隔离以进行单元测试
Shim类型是Microsoft Fakes的两种技术之一 框架用于让您轻松隔离测试中的组件 环境。垫片将调用转移到特定方法来编码 你写作测试的一部分。许多方法返回不同的结果 取决于外部条件，但垫片是在控制之下 您的测试，并可以在每次通话时返回一致的结果。这使得 你的测试更容易编写。
使用填充程序将代码与不属于的程序集隔离开来 你的解决方案要将解决方案的组件彼此隔离， 我们建议您使用存根。
截至撰写时，您已经接受了答案。然而，假装框架是最黑暗的巫师魔法，应该进行探索。使用填充程序可以让您更好地了解需要接口的位置。