Question

我尝试过很多东西，但却无法提供css和图像。我试图通过CSS渲染背景图像。以下是代码网站

simple_emp_hr /

 |->hr_base/
 |      |-> views.py
 |      |-> templates/hr_base/homepage.html
 |      |-> static
 |            |->css/base.css
 |            |->images/foto-camion-transformers.jpg
 |
 |->simple_emp_hr/
         |->urls.py
         |->settings.py

以下是观点：

@csrf_protect
def index(request):
    print(request.GET)
    print(request.POST)
    template = loader.get_template('hr_base/homepage.html')
    c = Context()
    c.update(csrf(request))
    c.update({'user':request.user.username})
    str = template.render(c)
    response = str
    print(str)
    hres = HttpResponse()
    hres.write(response)
    return hres

以下是我的urls.py:

from django.conf.urls import patterns, include, url
from django.conf import settings
# Uncomment the next two lines to enable the admin:
from django.contrib import admin
admin.autodiscover()

urlpatterns = patterns('',
    url(r'^hr_base/index$','hr_base.views.index'),
)
urlpatterns += patterns('',
    (r'^static/(?P<path>.*)$', 'django.views.static.serve', {'document_root':         settings.STATIC_ROOT, 'show_indices':True}),
)

以下是我的settings.py：

# Django settings for simple_emp_hr project.

DEBUG = True
TEMPLATE_DEBUG = DEBUG

MANAGERS = ADMINS


ALLOWED_HOSTS = []

SITE_ID = 1

MEDIA_ROOT = ''

MEDIA_URL = ''

STATIC_ROOT = 'static_root/'

STATIC_URL = '/static/'

# Additional locations of static files
STATICFILES_DIRS = (
    # Put strings here, like "/home/html/static" or "C:/www/django/static".
    # Always use forward slashes, even on Windows.
    # Don't forget to use absolute paths, not relative paths.
"hr_base/static/hr_base/",
)

# List of finder classes that know how to find static files in
# various locations.
STATICFILES_FINDERS = (
    'django.contrib.staticfiles.finders.FileSystemFinder',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles.finders.AppDirectoriesFinder',
#    'django.contrib.staticfiles.finders.DefaultStorageFinder',
)

# List of callables that know how to import templates from various sources.
TEMPLATE_LOADERS = (
    'django.template.loaders.filesystem.Loader',
    'django.template.loaders.app_directories.Loader',
#     'django.template.loaders.eggs.Loader',
)

MIDDLEWARE_CLASSES = (
    'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
    # Uncomment the next line for simple clickjacking protection:
 'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',
)

ROOT_URLCONF = 'simple_emp_hr.urls'

TEMPLATE_DIRS = (
    # Put strings here, like "/home/html/django_templates" or "C:/www/django/templates".
    # Always use forward slashes, even on Windows.
    # Don't forget to use absolute paths, not relative paths.
"../simple_emp_hr/hr_base/templates/",
"../simple_emp_hr/emp_users/templates/",
)

INSTALLED_APPS = (
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.sites',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
    # Uncomment the next line to enable the admin:
    'django.contrib.admin',
    # Uncomment the next line to enable admin documentation:
    # 'django.contrib.admindocs',
    'hr_base',
)

我的css文件有：

body {
    background-image: url ("images/foto-camion-transformers.jpg"); }
title {
    background-color: rgb(238,62,128);
    color: white; }

以下是homepage.html：

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
    <title> Simple Employee HR : Solutions for the companies which are <em>simple</em></title>
    <link href="{{ STATIC_URL }}css/base.css" type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" />
</head>
<body>
    <h1>Simple Employee HR : Solutions for the companies which are <em>simple</em></h1>
    <hr />
    <h2 id="top">Who we are</h2>
    <hr />
    <a href="#top">top</a>
</body>
</html>

视图中的打印允许我打印呈现的html：

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
    <title> Simple Employee HR : Solutions for the companies which are <em>simple</em></title>
    <link href="css/base.css" type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" />
</head>
<body>
    <h1>Simple Employee HR : Solutions for the companies which are <em>simple</em></h1>
    <hr />
    <h2 id="top">Who we are</h2>
    <hr />
</body>
</html>
[17/Feb/2014 14:40:17] "GET /hr_base/index HTTP/1.1" 200 1455
[17/Feb/2014 14:40:17] "GET /hr_base/css/base.css HTTP/1.1" 404 3640

我从未获得过css。浏览器显示简单的HTML文本。可能有什么不对？我是django的新手并且正在努力学习。我在这里一无所知，无法理解django的文档。

编辑：我可以在遵循pythonvile的答案之后让css工作，但它仍然很奇怪。我能够看到

的效果

h1, h2 {
    color: #ee3e80;}

但我无法看到

的效果

h1 {
    background-color: rgb(238,62,128);
    color: white; }

或

body {
    background-image: url ("images/foto-camion-transformers.jpg"); }
title {
    background-color: rgb(238,62,128);
    color: white; }

Answer 1

定义MEDIA_ROOT，STATIC_ROOT，STATICFILES_DIRS和TEMPLATE_DIRS时，需要使用绝对路径。好的做法是启动设置模块（它不必是单个文件！），如下所示：

import os
PROJECT_DIR = os.path.join(os.path.abspath(os.path.dirname(__file__)), '..')

是的，我知道它的外观，到目前为止我遇到的最糟糕的Python片段。然而，这是一种可行的方式。让我们在shell中查看它：

In [1]: from django.conf import settings

In [2]: settings.PROJECT_DIR
Out[2]: '/home/yourname/Projects/simple_emp_hr/simple_emp_hr/..'

哪个等同于/home/yourname/Projects/simple_emp_hr对吧？现在我们可以再次使用os.path.join将dirs粘在一起：

In [3]: import os

In [4]: os.path.join(settings.PROJECT_DIR, 'foo', 'bar')
Out[4]: '/home/yourname/Projects/simple_emp_hr/simple_emp_hr/../foo/bar'

在这里我们进入实际设置：

STATIC_ROOT = os.path.join(PROJECT_DIR, 'static') # you will have something different, I guess
STATICFILES_DIRS = (
    os.path.join(PROJECT_DIR, 'hr_base', 'static'),
)

MEDIA_ROOT的相同练习。

编辑：我的网址代码为静态。我在一天之内无耻地从一些博客中拿走了它。

from django.conf import settings
from django.conf.urls import patterns, include, url
from django.contrib import admin
admin.autodiscover()

urlpatterns = patterns('',
    # normal patterns
)

if settings.DEBUG:
    urlpatterns += patterns('',
        url(r'^static/(?P<path>.*)$', 'django.views.static.serve',
            {'document_root': settings.STATIC_ROOT, 'show_indexes': True}),
        url(r'^media/(?P<path>.*)$', 'django.views.static.serve',
            {'document_root': settings.MEDIA_ROOT, 'show_indexes': True}),
    )

Answer 2

你应该看看使用Django压缩器，http://django-compressor.readthedocs.org/en/latest/ 。它完全值得学习曲线。解决了很多问题

Django 1.5.4无法在开发服务器上提供css

2 个答案: