如何使用LaTeX创建时间轴？

时间：2008-10-20 09:08:31

标签： latex tex timeline

在历史书中，您经常会有时间轴，其中事件和句点标记在一条线上，彼此之间的距离正确。如何在LaTeX中创建类似的东西？

9 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分：69)

chronology.sty有一个新的Levi Wiseman。 documentation（pdf）说：

  

LATEX的大多数时间线包和解决方案用于传达大量信息，因此是垂直设计的。如果您只是尝试为日期分配标签，则更传统的时间轴可能更合适。那是   年代表是什么。

以下是一些示例代码：

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{chronology}
\begin{document}

\begin{chronology}[5]{1983}{2010}{3ex}[\textwidth]
\event{1984}{one}
\event[1985]{1986}{two}
\event{\decimaldate{25}{12}{2001}}{three}
\end{chronology}

\end{document}

产生此输出：

  

example output from chronology.sty

答案 1 :(得分：43)

tikz包似乎有你想要的东西。

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{snakes}

\begin{document}

  \begin{tikzpicture}[snake=zigzag, line before snake = 5mm, line after snake = 5mm]
    % draw horizontal line   
    \draw (0,0) -- (2,0);
    \draw[snake] (2,0) -- (4,0);
    \draw (4,0) -- (5,0);
    \draw[snake] (5,0) -- (7,0);

    % draw vertical lines
    \foreach \x in {0,1,2,4,5,7}
      \draw (\x cm,3pt) -- (\x cm,-3pt);

    % draw nodes
    \draw (0,0) node[below=3pt] {$ 0 $} node[above=3pt] {$   $};
    \draw (1,0) node[below=3pt] {$ 1 $} node[above=3pt] {$ 10 $};
    \draw (2,0) node[below=3pt] {$ 2 $} node[above=3pt] {$ 20 $};
    \draw (3,0) node[below=3pt] {$  $} node[above=3pt] {$  $};
    \draw (4,0) node[below=3pt] {$ 5 $} node[above=3pt] {$ 50 $};
    \draw (5,0) node[below=3pt] {$ 6 $} node[above=3pt] {$ 60 $};
    \draw (6,0) node[below=3pt] {$  $} node[above=3pt] {$  $};
    \draw (7,0) node[below=3pt] {$ n $} node[above=3pt] {$ 10n $};
  \end{tikzpicture}

\end{document}

我对tikz不太专业，但这确实提供了一个很好的时间表，看起来像：

enter image description here

答案 2 :(得分：16)

包chronosys也提供了一个很好的解决方案。以下是用户手册中的示例：

enter image description here

答案 3 :(得分：14)

只是更新。

目前的TiKZ包将发出： 包tikz警告：蛇已被取代 装饰品。请使用装饰库而不是 输入线上的蛇库。 。

因此，代码的相关部分必须更改为：

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{decorations}
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}
%draw horizontal line
\draw (0,0) -- (2,0);
\draw[decorate,decoration={snake,pre length=5mm, post length=5mm}] (2,0) -- (4,0);
\draw (4,0) -- (5,0);
\draw[decorate,decoration={snake,pre length=5mm, post length=5mm}] (5,0) -- (7,0);

%draw vertical lines
\foreach \x in {0,1,2,4,5,7}
\draw (\x cm,3pt) -- (\x cm,-3pt);

%draw nodes
\draw (0,0) node[below=3pt] {$ 0 $} node[above=3pt] {$   $};
\draw (1,0) node[below=3pt] {$ 1 $} node[above=3pt] {$ 10 $};
\draw (2,0) node[below=3pt] {$ 2 $} node[above=3pt] {$ 20 $};
\draw (3,0) node[below=3pt] {$  $} node[above=3pt] {$  $};
\draw (4,0) node[below=3pt] {$ 5 $} node[above=3pt] {$ 50 $};
\draw (5,0) node[below=3pt] {$ 6 $} node[above=3pt] {$ 60 $};
\draw (6,0) node[below=3pt] {$  $} node[above=3pt] {$  $};
\draw (7,0) node[below=3pt] {$ n $} node[above=3pt] {$ 10n $};
\end{tikzpicture}

\end{document}

HTH

答案 4 :(得分：13)

Tim Storer写了一个更灵活，更漂亮的timeline.sty（Internet Archive Wayback Machine链接，因为原版已经不见了）。此外，该线是水平的而不是垂直的。例如：

\begin{timeline}{2008}{2010}{50}{250}
  \MonthAndYearEvent{4}{2008}{First Podcast}
  \MonthAndYearEvent{7}{2008}{Private Beta}
  \MonthAndYearEvent{9}{2008}{Public Beta}
  \YearEvent{2009}{IPO?}
\end{timeline}

生成如下所示的时间表：

2008                              2010
 · · April, 2008 First Podcast    ·
       · July, 2008 Private Beta
           · September, 2008 Public Beta
                · 2009 IPO?

就我个人而言，我发现这是一个比其他答案更令人满意的解决方案。但我也发现自己修改了代码，以便更接近我认为时间轴应该是什么样的东西。所以我认为没有明确的解决方案。

答案 5 :(得分：10)

首先，我更喜欢tikz指导解决方案，因为它为您提供了更多自由。其次，我不会发布任何全新的内容。这显然与Zoe Gagnon的回答相似，因为他展示了道路。

我需要一些年度时间表，我花了一些时间（多么惊讶！）这样做，所以我分享了结果。我希望你会喜欢它。

\documentclass[tikz]{standalone}
\usepackage{verbatim}
\begin{document}
\newlength\yearposx
\begin{tikzpicture}[scale=0.57] % timeline 1990-2010->
    % define coordinates (begin, used, end, arrow)
    \foreach \x in {1990,1992,2000,2002,2004,2005,2008,2009,2010,2011}{
        \pgfmathsetlength\yearposx{(\x-1990)*1cm};
        \coordinate (y\x)   at (\yearposx,0);
        \coordinate (y\x t) at (\yearposx,+3pt);
        \coordinate (y\x b) at (\yearposx,-3pt);
    }
    % draw horizontal line with arrow
    \draw [->] (y1990) -- (y2011);
    % draw ticks
   \foreach \x in {1992,2000,2002,2004,2005,2008,2009}
        \draw (y\x t) -- (y\x b);
    % annotate
    \foreach \x in {1992,2002,2005,2009}
        \node at (y\x) [below=3pt] {\x};
    \foreach \x in {2000,2004,2008}
        \node at (y\x) [above=3pt] {\x};
    \begin{comment}
    % for use in beamer class
    \only<2>    {\fill      (y1992) circle (5pt);}
    \only<3-5>  {\fill      (y2000) circle (5pt);}
    \only<4-5>  {\fill      (y2002) circle (5pt);}
    \only<5>    {\fill[red] (y2004) circle (5pt);}
    \only<6>    {\fill      (y2005) circle (5pt);}
    \only<7>    {\fill[red] (y2005) circle (5pt);}
    \only<8-11> {\fill      (y2008) circle (5pt);}
    \only<11>   {\fill      (y2009) circle (5pt);}
    \end{comment}
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

正如您所看到的，它是针对投影仪演示（选择部分和缩放选项）而定制的，但如果您真的想在演示文稿中对其进行测试，那么您应该将\newlength\yearposx移到框架定义之外，因为否则你会得到错误，说明已经定义了命令\yearposx（除非你从帧中删除选择部分和任何其他帧拆分命令）。

enter image description here

答案 6 :(得分：2)

周围有timeline.sty。

语法比使用tikz简单：

%%% In LaTeX:
%%% \begin{timeline}{length}(start,stop)
%%%   .
%%%   .
%%%   .
%%% \end{timeline}
%%%
%%% in plain TeX
%%% \timeline{length}(start,stop)
%%%   .
%%%   .
%%%   .
%%% \endtimeline
%%% in between the two, we may have:
%%% \item{date}{description}
%%% \item[sortkey]{date}{description}
%%% \optrule
%%%
%%% the options to timeline are:
%%%      length The amount of vertical space that the timeline should
%%%                use.
%%%      (start,stop) indicate the range of the timeline. All dates or
%%%                sortkeys should lie in the range [start,stop]
%%%
%%% \item without the sort key expects date to be a number (such as a
%%%      year).
%%% \item with the sort key expects the sort key to be a number; date
%%%      can be anything. This can be used for log scale time lines
%%%      or dates that include months or days.
%%% putting \optrule inside of the timeline environment will cause a
%%%      vertical rule to be drawn down the center of the timeline.

我已经使用python的datetime.data.toordinal在包的上下文中将日期转换为'sort keys'。

答案 7 :(得分：2)

如果您正在寻找UML序列图，您可能会对基于TiKZ的pkf-umlsd感兴趣。可以找到好的演示here。

答案 8 :(得分：0)

我一直在努力寻找一种正确的方法来创建时间线，我终于可以通过这个修改来做到这一点。通常在创建时间线时，问题是我无法添加文本来用更长的文本清楚地解释每个日期。我修改并进一步利用了@Zoe Gagnon 的乳胶脚本。请随意查看以下内容：

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{snakes}
\usepackage{rotating}

\begin{document}
    
\begin{center}
    \begin{tikzpicture}
        % draw horizontal line   
        \draw (-5,0) -- (6,0);
    
    
    % draw vertical lines
    \foreach \x in {-5,-4,-3,-2, -1,0,1,2}
    \draw (\x cm,3pt) -- (\x cm,-3pt);
    
    % draw nodes
    \draw (-5,0) node[below=3pt] {$ 0 $} node[above=3pt] {$  $};
    \draw (-4,0) node[below=3pt] {$ 1 $} node[above=3pt] {$\begin{turn}{45}
            All individuals vote
        \end{turn}$};
    \draw (-3,0) node[below=3pt] {$ 2 $} node[above=3pt] {$\begin{turn}{45} 
        Policy vector decided
        \end{turn}$};
    \draw (-2,0) node[below=3pt] {$ 3 $} node[above=3pt] {$\begin{turn}{45}  Becoming a bureaucrat \end{turn} $};
    \draw (-1,0) node[below=3pt] {$ 4 $} node[above=3pt] {$\begin{turn}{45} Bureaucrats' effort choice \end{turn}$};
    \draw (0,0) node[below=3pt] {$ 5 $} node[above=3pt] {$\begin{turn}{45} Tax evasion decision made \end{turn}$};
    \draw (1,0) node[below=3pt] {$  6$} node[above=3pt] {$\begin{turn}{45} $p(x_{t})$ tax evaders caught \end{turn}$};
    \draw (2,0) node[below=3pt] {$ 7 $} node[above=3pt] {$\begin{turn}{45} $q_{t}$ shirking bureaucrats \end{turn}$};
            \draw (3,0) node[below=3pt] {$ $} node[above=3pt] {$\begin{turn}{45} Public service provided  \end{turn}   $};
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{center} 
\end{document}

很遗憾，不允许使用更长的文本。它看起来像这样：

visual depiction of the timeline above

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