Question

从任何文件中提取缩略图的最有效方法是什么，而不仅仅是不同大小的图像？

我看了很多，最有希望的是Windows API ShellFile，但这似乎没有正确安装。我正在使用Windows 7。

Answer 1

前段时间我写了一个ThumbnailProvider，它从Win API加载缩略图。支持透明图像。这是实施：

using System;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Drawing.Imaging;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
using System.IO;

    namespace ThumbnailGenerator
    {
        [Flags]
        public enum ThumbnailOptions
        {
            None = 0x00,
            BiggerSizeOk = 0x01,
            InMemoryOnly = 0x02,
            IconOnly = 0x04,
            ThumbnailOnly = 0x08,
            InCacheOnly = 0x10,
        }

        public class WindowsThumbnailProvider
        {
            private const string IShellItem2Guid = "7E9FB0D3-919F-4307-AB2E-9B1860310C93";

            [DllImport("shell32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Unicode, SetLastError = true)]
            internal static extern int SHCreateItemFromParsingName(
                [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPWStr)] string path,
                // The following parameter is not used - binding context.
                IntPtr pbc,
                ref Guid riid,
                [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.Interface)] out IShellItem shellItem);

            [DllImport("gdi32.dll")]
            [return: MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.Bool)]
            internal static extern bool DeleteObject(IntPtr hObject);

            [ComImport]
            [InterfaceType(ComInterfaceType.InterfaceIsIUnknown)]
            [Guid("43826d1e-e718-42ee-bc55-a1e261c37bfe")]
            internal interface IShellItem
            {
                void BindToHandler(IntPtr pbc,
                    [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPStruct)]Guid bhid,
                    [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPStruct)]Guid riid,
                    out IntPtr ppv);

                void GetParent(out IShellItem ppsi);
                void GetDisplayName(SIGDN sigdnName, out IntPtr ppszName);
                void GetAttributes(uint sfgaoMask, out uint psfgaoAttribs);
                void Compare(IShellItem psi, uint hint, out int piOrder);
            };

            internal enum SIGDN : uint
            {
                NORMALDISPLAY = 0,
                PARENTRELATIVEPARSING = 0x80018001,
                PARENTRELATIVEFORADDRESSBAR = 0x8001c001,
                DESKTOPABSOLUTEPARSING = 0x80028000,
                PARENTRELATIVEEDITING = 0x80031001,
                DESKTOPABSOLUTEEDITING = 0x8004c000,
                FILESYSPATH = 0x80058000,
                URL = 0x80068000
            }

            internal enum HResult
            {
                Ok = 0x0000,
                False = 0x0001,
                InvalidArguments = unchecked((int)0x80070057),
                OutOfMemory = unchecked((int)0x8007000E),
                NoInterface = unchecked((int)0x80004002),
                Fail = unchecked((int)0x80004005),
                ElementNotFound = unchecked((int)0x80070490),
                TypeElementNotFound = unchecked((int)0x8002802B),
                NoObject = unchecked((int)0x800401E5),
                Win32ErrorCanceled = 1223,
                Canceled = unchecked((int)0x800704C7),
                ResourceInUse = unchecked((int)0x800700AA),
                AccessDenied = unchecked((int)0x80030005)
            }

            [ComImportAttribute()]
            [GuidAttribute("bcc18b79-ba16-442f-80c4-8a59c30c463b")]
            [InterfaceTypeAttribute(ComInterfaceType.InterfaceIsIUnknown)]
            internal interface IShellItemImageFactory
            {
                [PreserveSig]
                HResult GetImage(
                [In, MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.Struct)] NativeSize size,
                [In] ThumbnailOptions flags,
                [Out] out IntPtr phbm);
            }

            [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
            internal struct NativeSize
            {
                private int width;
                private int height;

                public int Width { set { width = value; } }
                public int Height { set { height = value; } }
            };

            [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
            public struct RGBQUAD
            {
                public byte rgbBlue;
                public byte rgbGreen;
                public byte rgbRed;
                public byte rgbReserved;
            }

            public static Bitmap GetThumbnail(string fileName, int width, int height, ThumbnailOptions options)
            {
                IntPtr hBitmap = GetHBitmap(Path.GetFullPath(fileName), width, height, options);

                try
                {
                    // return a System.Drawing.Bitmap from the hBitmap
                    return GetBitmapFromHBitmap(hBitmap);
                }
                finally
                {
                    // delete HBitmap to avoid memory leaks
                    DeleteObject(hBitmap);
                }
            }

            public static Bitmap GetBitmapFromHBitmap(IntPtr nativeHBitmap)
            {
                Bitmap bmp = Bitmap.FromHbitmap(nativeHBitmap);

                if (Bitmap.GetPixelFormatSize(bmp.PixelFormat) < 32)
                    return bmp;

                return CreateAlphaBitmap(bmp, PixelFormat.Format32bppArgb);
            }

            public static Bitmap CreateAlphaBitmap(Bitmap srcBitmap, PixelFormat targetPixelFormat)
            {
                Bitmap result = new Bitmap(srcBitmap.Width, srcBitmap.Height, targetPixelFormat);

                Rectangle bmpBounds = new Rectangle(0, 0, srcBitmap.Width, srcBitmap.Height);

                BitmapData srcData = srcBitmap.LockBits(bmpBounds, ImageLockMode.ReadOnly, srcBitmap.PixelFormat);

                bool isAlplaBitmap = false;

                try
                {
                    for (int y = 0; y <= srcData.Height - 1; y++)
                    {
                        for (int x = 0; x <= srcData.Width - 1; x++)
                        {
                            Color pixelColor = Color.FromArgb(
                                Marshal.ReadInt32(srcData.Scan0, (srcData.Stride * y) + (4 * x)));

                            if (pixelColor.A > 0 & pixelColor.A < 255)
                            {
                                isAlplaBitmap = true;
                            }

                            result.SetPixel(x, y, pixelColor);
                        }
                    }
                }
                finally
                {
                    srcBitmap.UnlockBits(srcData);
                }

                if (isAlplaBitmap)
                {
                    return result;
                }
                else
                {
                    return srcBitmap;
                }
            }

            private static IntPtr GetHBitmap(string fileName, int width, int height, ThumbnailOptions options)
            {
                IShellItem nativeShellItem;
                Guid shellItem2Guid = new Guid(IShellItem2Guid);
                int retCode = SHCreateItemFromParsingName(fileName, IntPtr.Zero, ref shellItem2Guid, out nativeShellItem);

                if (retCode != 0)
                    throw Marshal.GetExceptionForHR(retCode);

                NativeSize nativeSize = new NativeSize();
                nativeSize.Width = width;
                nativeSize.Height = height;

                IntPtr hBitmap;
                HResult hr = ((IShellItemImageFactory)nativeShellItem).GetImage(nativeSize, options, out hBitmap);

                Marshal.ReleaseComObject(nativeShellItem);

                if (hr == HResult.Ok) return hBitmap;

                throw Marshal.GetExceptionForHR((int)hr);
            }
        }
    }

然后您可以通过以下方式使用它：

int THUMB_SIZE = 256;
Bitmap thumbnail = WindowsThumbnailProvider.GetThumbnail(
   fileName, THUMB_SIZE, THUMB_SIZE, ThumbnailOptions.None);

请记住，使用后需要Dispose()位图。

Answer 2

这是（令人敬畏的）接受答案的改进版本。以下内容已更改：

使用不安全而不是SetPixel（） - ＆gt;这大大提高了性能

删除整个isAlphaBitmap支票。我不知道为什么首先实现它，但我认为没有理由在两个包含相同内容的图像之间确定（我只是返回具有transperancy的Bitmap，无论是否改变了某些内容）

[Flags]
public enum ThumbnailOptions
{
    None = 0x00,
    BiggerSizeOk = 0x01,
    InMemoryOnly = 0x02,
    IconOnly = 0x04,
    ThumbnailOnly = 0x08,
    InCacheOnly = 0x10
}

public class WindowsThumbnailProvider
{
    private const string IShellItem2Guid = "7E9FB0D3-919F-4307-AB2E-9B1860310C93";

    [DllImport("shell32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Unicode, SetLastError = true)]
    internal static extern int SHCreateItemFromParsingName(
        [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPWStr)] string path,
        // The following parameter is not used - binding context.
        IntPtr pbc,
        ref Guid riid,
        [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.Interface)] out IShellItem shellItem);

    [DllImport("gdi32.dll")]
    [return: MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.Bool)]
    internal static extern bool DeleteObject(IntPtr hObject);

    [DllImport("msvcrt.dll", CallingConvention = CallingConvention.Cdecl)]
    public static extern unsafe IntPtr memcpy(void* dst, void* src, UIntPtr count);

    public static Bitmap GetThumbnail(string fileName, int width, int height, ThumbnailOptions options)
    {
        var hBitmap = GetHBitmap(Path.GetFullPath(fileName), width, height, options);

        try
        {
            // return a System.Drawing.Bitmap from the hBitmap
            return GetBitmapFromHBitmap(hBitmap);
        }
        finally
        {
            // delete HBitmap to avoid memory leaks
            DeleteObject(hBitmap);
        }
    }

    public static Bitmap GetBitmapFromHBitmap(IntPtr nativeHBitmap)
    {
        Bitmap bmp = Image.FromHbitmap(nativeHBitmap);

        if (Image.GetPixelFormatSize(bmp.PixelFormat) < 32)
            return bmp;

        using (bmp)
            return CreateAlphaBitmap(bmp, PixelFormat.Format32bppArgb);
    }

    public static unsafe Bitmap CreateAlphaBitmap(Bitmap srcBitmap, PixelFormat targetPixelFormat)
    {
        var result = new Bitmap(srcBitmap.Width, srcBitmap.Height, targetPixelFormat);

        var bmpBounds = new Rectangle(0, 0, srcBitmap.Width, srcBitmap.Height);
        var srcData = srcBitmap.LockBits(bmpBounds, ImageLockMode.ReadOnly, srcBitmap.PixelFormat);
        var destData = result.LockBits(bmpBounds, ImageLockMode.ReadOnly, targetPixelFormat);

        var srcDataPtr = (byte*) srcData.Scan0;
        var destDataPtr = (byte*) destData.Scan0;

        try
        {
            for (int y = 0; y <= srcData.Height - 1; y++)
            {
                for (int x = 0; x <= srcData.Width - 1; x++)
                {
                    //this is really important because one stride may be positive and the other negative
                    var position = srcData.Stride * y + 4 * x;
                    var position2 = destData.Stride * y + 4 * x;

                    memcpy(destDataPtr + position2, srcDataPtr + position, (UIntPtr) 4);
                }
            }
        }
        finally
        {
            srcBitmap.UnlockBits(srcData);
            result.UnlockBits(destData);
        }

        return result;
    }

    private static IntPtr GetHBitmap(string fileName, int width, int height, ThumbnailOptions options)
    {
        IShellItem nativeShellItem;
        Guid shellItem2Guid = new Guid(IShellItem2Guid);
        int retCode = SHCreateItemFromParsingName(fileName, IntPtr.Zero, ref shellItem2Guid, out nativeShellItem);

        if (retCode != 0)
            throw Marshal.GetExceptionForHR(retCode);

        NativeSize nativeSize = new NativeSize();
        nativeSize.Width = width;
        nativeSize.Height = height;

        IntPtr hBitmap;
        HResult hr = ((IShellItemImageFactory) nativeShellItem).GetImage(nativeSize, options, out hBitmap);

        Marshal.ReleaseComObject(nativeShellItem);

        if (hr == HResult.Ok) return hBitmap;

        throw Marshal.GetExceptionForHR((int) hr);
    }

    [ComImport]
    [InterfaceType(ComInterfaceType.InterfaceIsIUnknown)]
    [Guid("43826d1e-e718-42ee-bc55-a1e261c37bfe")]
    internal interface IShellItem
    {
        void BindToHandler(IntPtr pbc,
            [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPStruct)] Guid bhid,
            [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPStruct)] Guid riid,
            out IntPtr ppv);

        void GetParent(out IShellItem ppsi);
        void GetDisplayName(SIGDN sigdnName, out IntPtr ppszName);
        void GetAttributes(uint sfgaoMask, out uint psfgaoAttribs);
        void Compare(IShellItem psi, uint hint, out int piOrder);
    }

    internal enum SIGDN : uint
    {
        NORMALDISPLAY = 0,
        PARENTRELATIVEPARSING = 0x80018001,
        PARENTRELATIVEFORADDRESSBAR = 0x8001c001,
        DESKTOPABSOLUTEPARSING = 0x80028000,
        PARENTRELATIVEEDITING = 0x80031001,
        DESKTOPABSOLUTEEDITING = 0x8004c000,
        FILESYSPATH = 0x80058000,
        URL = 0x80068000
    }

    internal enum HResult
    {
        Ok = 0x0000,
        False = 0x0001,
        InvalidArguments = unchecked((int) 0x80070057),
        OutOfMemory = unchecked((int) 0x8007000E),
        NoInterface = unchecked((int) 0x80004002),
        Fail = unchecked((int) 0x80004005),
        ElementNotFound = unchecked((int) 0x80070490),
        TypeElementNotFound = unchecked((int) 0x8002802B),
        NoObject = unchecked((int) 0x800401E5),
        Win32ErrorCanceled = 1223,
        Canceled = unchecked((int) 0x800704C7),
        ResourceInUse = unchecked((int) 0x800700AA),
        AccessDenied = unchecked((int) 0x80030005)
    }

    [ComImport]
    [Guid("bcc18b79-ba16-442f-80c4-8a59c30c463b")]
    [InterfaceType(ComInterfaceType.InterfaceIsIUnknown)]
    internal interface IShellItemImageFactory
    {
        [PreserveSig]
        HResult GetImage(
            [In, MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.Struct)] NativeSize size,
            [In] ThumbnailOptions flags,
            [Out] out IntPtr phbm);
    }

    [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
    internal struct NativeSize
    {
        private int width;
        private int height;

        public int Width
        {
            set { width = value; }
        }

        public int Height
        {
            set { height = value; }
        }
    }

    [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
    public struct RGBQUAD
    {
        public byte rgbBlue;
        public byte rgbGreen;
        public byte rgbRed;
        public byte rgbReserved;
    }
}

提取Windows中任何文件的缩略图

2 个答案: