我是Python脚本的新手。我需要从本地机器（Windows）复制几个文件夹到Linux服务器。截至目前，我正在通过打开WinSCP控制台来复制文件夹。我需要自动化这个过程。我使用Paramiko模块库在Python中编写了以下代码。
import paramiko
import os
transport = paramiko.Transport(('10.10.10.10', 22))
transport.connect(username='weblogic', password='weblogic')
sftp = paramiko.SFTPClient.from_transport(transport)
filepath = '/apps/logs'
localpath = 'C:\\Users\\Public\\test'
sftp.put(localpath,filepath)
以上操作不正常并给出以下错误。你能帮我复制一下windows路径C:\Users\Public\test中的文件夹到Linux服务器路径/apps/logs吗？
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "C:\Users\Desktop\python\execute_script.py", line 28, in <module>
sftp.put(localpath,filepath)
File "C:\Python27\lib\paramiko\sftp_client.py", line 548, in put
fl = file(localpath, 'rb')
IOError: [Errno 13] Permission denied: 'C:\\Users\\Public\\test'
答案 0 :(得分：6)
请从链接https://gist.github.com/johnfink8/2190472查看以下代码。我在代码段中使用了put_all方法。
import paramiko
import socket
import os
from stat import S_ISDIR
class SSHSession(object):
# Usage:
# Detects DSA or RSA from key_file, either as a string filename or a
# file object. Password auth is possible, but I will judge you for
# using it. So:
# ssh=SSHSession('targetserver.com','root',key_file=open('mykey.pem','r'))
# ssh=SSHSession('targetserver.com','root',key_file='/home/me/mykey.pem')
# ssh=SSHSession('targetserver.com','root','mypassword')
# ssh.put('filename','/remote/file/destination/path')
# ssh.put_all('/path/to/local/source/dir','/path/to/remote/destination')
# ssh.get_all('/path/to/remote/source/dir','/path/to/local/destination')
# ssh.command('echo "Command to execute"')
def __init__(self,hostname,username='root',key_file=None,password=None):
#
# Accepts a file-like object (anything with a readlines() function)
# in either dss_key or rsa_key with a private key. Since I don't
# ever intend to leave a server open to a password auth.
#
self.sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
self.sock.connect((hostname,22))
self.t = paramiko.Transport(self.sock)
self.t.start_client()
keys = paramiko.util.load_host_keys(os.path.expanduser('~/.ssh/known_hosts'))
key = self.t.get_remote_server_key()
# supposed to check for key in keys, but I don't much care right now to find the right notation
if key_file is not None:
if isinstance(key,str):
key_file=open(key,'r')
key_head=key_file.readline()
key_file.seek(0)
if 'DSA' in key_head:
keytype=paramiko.DSSKey
elif 'RSA' in key_head:
keytype=paramiko.RSAKey
else:
raise Exception("Can't identify key type")
pkey=keytype.from_private_key(key_file)
self.t.auth_publickey(username, pkey)
else:
if password is not None:
self.t.auth_password(username,password,fallback=False)
else: raise Exception('Must supply either key_file or password')
self.sftp=paramiko.SFTPClient.from_transport(self.t)
def command(self,cmd):
# Breaks the command by lines, sends and receives
# each line and its output separately
#
# Returns the server response text as a string
chan = self.t.open_session()
chan.get_pty()
chan.invoke_shell()
chan.settimeout(20.0)
ret=''
try:
ret+=chan.recv(1024)
except:
chan.send('\n')
ret+=chan.recv(1024)
for line in cmd.split('\n'):
chan.send(line.strip() + '\n')
ret+=chan.recv(1024)
return ret
def put(self,localfile,remotefile):
# Copy localfile to remotefile, overwriting or creating as needed.
self.sftp.put(localfile,remotefile)
def put_all(self,localpath,remotepath):
# recursively upload a full directory
os.chdir(os.path.split(localpath)[0])
parent=os.path.split(localpath)[1]
for walker in os.walk(parent):
try:
self.sftp.mkdir(os.path.join(remotepath,walker[0]))
except:
pass
for file in walker[2]:
self.put(os.path.join(walker[0],file),os.path.join(remotepath,walker[0],file))
def get(self,remotefile,localfile):
# Copy remotefile to localfile, overwriting or creating as needed.
self.sftp.get(remotefile,localfile)
def sftp_walk(self,remotepath):
# Kindof a stripped down version of os.walk, implemented for
# sftp. Tried running it flat without the yields, but it really
# chokes on big directories.
path=remotepath
files=[]
folders=[]
for f in self.sftp.listdir_attr(remotepath):
if S_ISDIR(f.st_mode):
folders.append(f.filename)
else:
files.append(f.filename)
print (path,folders,files)
yield path,folders,files
for folder in folders:
new_path=os.path.join(remotepath,folder)
for x in self.sftp_walk(new_path):
yield x
def get_all(self,remotepath,localpath):
# recursively download a full directory
# Harder than it sounded at first, since paramiko won't walk
#
# For the record, something like this would gennerally be faster:
# ssh user@host 'tar -cz /source/folder' | tar -xz
self.sftp.chdir(os.path.split(remotepath)[0])
parent=os.path.split(remotepath)[1]
try:
os.mkdir(localpath)
except:
pass
for walker in self.sftp_walk(parent):
try:
os.mkdir(os.path.join(localpath,walker[0]))
except:
pass
for file in walker[2]:
self.get(os.path.join(walker[0],file),os.path.join(localpath,walker[0],file))
def write_command(self,text,remotefile):
# Writes text to remotefile, and makes remotefile executable.
# This is perhaps a bit niche, but I was thinking I needed it.
# For the record, I was incorrect.
self.sftp.open(remotefile,'w').write(text)
self.sftp.chmod(remotefile,755)
答案 1 :(得分：0)
除了@ user1041177的答案之外，这里有一种方法可以在windows上使用linux主机（实际上并不确定哪种主机）。
我不知道为什么，但如果我将反斜杠保留在远程路径上，我会得到一个FileNotFoundException。唯一的工作方式是更换所有＆＃39; \＆＃39;通过＆＃39; /＆＃39;
也许有人可以告诉我避免这种情况的正确方法？
如果您遇到同样的问题，请在上面提供相同代码的一部分，以便为您提供面包屑：
UPDATE tbl_1 SET tlb_1.columX= tbl_1.columX + tbl_2.columY
最后不得不说谢谢@ user1041177，像魅力一样工作。
答案 2 :(得分：0)
我试图从一个Windows框复制到一个linux框，并得到与上面@Apex相同的错误。我使用的是put_all方法，我不得不在部分代码上做一些“替换”。
def put_all(self,localpath,remotepath):
remotepath = remotepath.replace('\\', '/')
# recursively upload a full directory
os.chdir(os.path.split(localpath)[0])
parent=os.path.split(localpath)[1]
for walker in os.walk(parent):
try:
self.sftp.mkdir(os.path.join(remotepath,walker[0]).replace('\\', '/'))
except:
pass
for file in walker[2]:
self.put(os.path.join(walker[0],file).replace('\\', '/'),os.path.join(remotepath,walker[0],file).replace('\\', '/'))
答案 3 :(得分：0)
Paramiko不支持递归操作。
您可以使用pysftp。它是Paramiko的包装器，具有更多的Python-ish外观和感觉，并支持递归操作。参见
或者您可以将代码基于pysftp source code。或者查看我对Python pysftp get_r from Linux works fine on Linux but not on Windows的回答。
答案 4 :(得分：0)
我发现上述方法有一些缺点-首先，推杆/吸气器无法按您期望的方式运行-如果您想将 / foo / bar 放入 / some / folder ，因为它不允许您将文件从源文件夹放置到其他目标文件夹，所以您不能这样做-唯一可以做的就是放置 / foo / bar 进入 / some / bar 。另外，您必须将源指定为 / foo / bar ，将目的地指定为 / some ，以 / some / bar 结尾-我发现这很混乱，因为它不是大多数操作系统/ ftp系统如何处理放置/获取/复制/等的方式。因此，我改进了上面列出的答案：
如果您要从Windows转到Linux：
def put_dir(source, dest):
source = os.path.expandvars(source).rstrip('\\').rstrip('/')
dest = os.path.expandvars(dest).rstrip('\\').rstrip('/')
for root, dirs, files in os.walk(source):
for dir in dirs:
try:
sftp.mkdir(posixpath.join(dest, ''.join(root.rsplit(source))[1:].replace('\\', '/'), dir))
except:
pass
for file in files:
sftp.put(os.path.join(root, file), posixpath.join(dest, ''.join(root.rsplit(source))[1:].replace('\\', '/'), file))
source = '%USERPROFILE%\\Downloads\\'
dest = '/foo/bar'
put_dir(source, dest)
如果您只使用Windows，则将 posixpath.join 换成 os.path.join ，然后删除 .replace（'\\'，' /'）：
def put_dir(source, dest):
source = os.path.expandvars(source).rstrip('\\').rstrip('/')
dest = os.path.expandvars(dest).rstrip('\\').rstrip('/')
for root, dirs, files in os.walk(source):
for dir in dirs:
try:
sftp.mkdir(os.path.join(dest, ''.join(root.rsplit(source))[1:], dir))
except:
pass
for file in files:
sftp.put(os.path.join(root, file), os.path.join(dest, ''.join(root.rsplit(source))[1:], file))
source = '%USERPROFILE%\\Downloads\\'
dest = 'foo\\bar'
put_dir(source, dest)
使用try语句的原因是，如果文件夹已经存在，则sftp.mkdir会出错。