我想在列表中识别连续数字组,以便:
myfunc([2, 3, 4, 5, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 20])
返回:
[(2,5), (12,17), 20]
并且想知道最好的方法是什么(特别是如果Python内置了一些东西)。
编辑:注意我原本忘记提及个别号码应该作为单独的号码返回,而不是范围。
答案 0 :(得分:106)
编辑2:回答OP新要求
ranges = []
for key, group in groupby(enumerate(data), lambda (index, item): index - item):
group = map(itemgetter(1), group)
if len(group) > 1:
ranges.append(xrange(group[0], group[-1]))
else:
ranges.append(group[0])
输出:
[xrange(2, 5), xrange(12, 17), 20]
您可以使用范围或任何其他自定义类替换xrange。
Python文档对此非常简洁recipe:
from operator import itemgetter
from itertools import groupby
data = [2, 3, 4, 5, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17]
for k, g in groupby(enumerate(data), lambda (i,x):i-x):
print map(itemgetter(1), g)
输出:
[2, 3, 4, 5]
[12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17]
如果您想获得完全相同的输出,可以这样做:
ranges = []
for k, g in groupby(enumerate(data), lambda (i,x):i-x):
group = map(itemgetter(1), g)
ranges.append((group[0], group[-1]))
输出:
[(2, 5), (12, 17)]
编辑:该示例已经在文档中进行了解释,但也许我应该解释一下:
解决方案的关键是 差异与范围,以便 连续的数字都出现在同一个 基。
如果数据为:[2, 3, 4, 5, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17]
然后groupby(enumerate(data), lambda (i,x):i-x)
等同于以下内容:
groupby(
[(0, 2), (1, 3), (2, 4), (3, 5), (4, 12),
(5, 13), (6, 14), (7, 15), (8, 16), (9, 17)],
lambda (i,x):i-x
)
lambda函数从元素值中减去元素索引。因此,当您在每个项目上应用lambda时。您将获得groupby的以下键:
[-2, -2, -2, -2, -8, -8, -8, -8, -8, -8]
groupby通过相等的键值对元素进行分组,因此前4个元素将组合在一起,依此类推。
我希望这会让它更具可读性。
python 3
版本可能对初学者有用
首先导入所需的库
from itertools import groupby
from operator import itemgetter
ranges =[]
for k,g in groupby(enumerate(data),lambda x:x[0]-x[1]):
group = (map(itemgetter(1),g))
group = list(map(int,group))
ranges.append((group[0],group[-1]))
答案 1 :(得分:24)
more_itertools.consecutive_groups
。
<强>演示强>
import more_itertools as mit
iterable = [2, 3, 4, 5, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 20]
[list(group) for group in mit.consecutive_groups(iterable)]
# [[2, 3, 4, 5], [12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17], [20]]
<强>代码强>
应用此工具,我们创建一个发现连续数字范围的生成器函数。
def find_ranges(iterable):
"""Yield range of consecutive numbers."""
for group in mit.consecutive_groups(iterable):
group = list(group)
if len(group) == 1:
yield group[0]
else:
yield group[0], group[-1]
iterable = [2, 3, 4, 5, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 20]
list(find_ranges(iterable))
# [(2, 5), (12, 17), 20]
source实现模拟classic recipe(由@Nadia Alramli演示)。
注意:more_itertools
是可通过pip install more_itertools
安装的第三方软件包。
答案 2 :(得分:15)
我发现“天真”的解决方案至少有点可读。
x = [2, 3, 4, 5, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 22, 25, 26, 28, 51, 52, 57]
def group(L):
first = last = L[0]
for n in L[1:]:
if n - 1 == last: # Part of the group, bump the end
last = n
else: # Not part of the group, yield current group and start a new
yield first, last
first = last = n
yield first, last # Yield the last group
>>>print list(group(x))
[(2, 5), (12, 17), (22, 22), (25, 26), (28, 28), (51, 52), (57, 57)]
答案 3 :(得分:13)
假设您的列表已排序:
>>> from itertools import groupby
>>> def ranges(lst):
pos = (j - i for i, j in enumerate(lst))
t = 0
for i, els in groupby(pos):
l = len(list(els))
el = lst[t]
t += l
yield range(el, el+l)
>>> lst = [2, 3, 4, 5, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17]
>>> list(ranges(lst))
[range(2, 6), range(12, 18)]
答案 4 :(得分:8)
这里应该有用,不需要任何导入:
def myfunc(lst):
ret = []
a = b = lst[0] # a and b are range's bounds
for el in lst[1:]:
if el == b+1:
b = el # range grows
else: # range ended
ret.append(a if a==b else (a,b)) # is a single or a range?
a = b = el # let's start again with a single
ret.append(a if a==b else (a,b)) # corner case for last single/range
return ret
答案 5 :(得分:6)
请注意,使用groupby
的代码无法在Python 3中使用,因此请使用此代码。
for k, g in groupby(enumerate(data), lambda x:x[0]-x[1]):
group = list(map(itemgetter(1), g))
ranges.append((group[0], group[-1]))
答案 6 :(得分:3)
这不使用标准函数 - 它只是对输入进行了说明,但它应该可以工作:
def myfunc(l):
r = []
p = q = None
for x in l + [-1]:
if x - 1 == q:
q += 1
else:
if p:
if q > p:
r.append('%s-%s' % (p, q))
else:
r.append(str(p))
p = q = x
return '(%s)' % ', '.join(r)
请注意,它要求输入仅按升序包含正数。您应该验证输入,但为清楚起见,省略了此代码。
答案 7 :(得分:1)
这是我想出的答案。我正在为其他人编写代码来理解,所以我对变量名和注释都很啰嗦。
首先是一个快速帮助函数:
def getpreviousitem(mylist,myitem):
'''Given a list and an item, return previous item in list'''
for position, item in enumerate(mylist):
if item == myitem:
# First item has no previous item
if position == 0:
return None
# Return previous item
return mylist[position-1]
然后是实际代码:
def getranges(cpulist):
'''Given a sorted list of numbers, return a list of ranges'''
rangelist = []
inrange = False
for item in cpulist:
previousitem = getpreviousitem(cpulist,item)
if previousitem == item - 1:
# We're in a range
if inrange == True:
# It's an existing range - change the end to the current item
newrange[1] = item
else:
# We've found a new range.
newrange = [item-1,item]
# Update to show we are now in a range
inrange = True
else:
# We were in a range but now it just ended
if inrange == True:
# Save the old range
rangelist.append(newrange)
# Update to show we're no longer in a range
inrange = False
# Add the final range found to our list
if inrange == True:
rangelist.append(newrange)
return rangelist
示例运行:
getranges([2, 3, 4, 5, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17])
返回:
[[2, 5], [12, 17]]
答案 8 :(得分:1)
import numpy as np
myarray = [2, 3, 4, 5, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 20]
sequences = np.split(myarray, np.array(np.where(np.diff(myarray) > 1)[0]) + 1)
l = []
for s in sequences:
if len(s) > 1:
l.append((np.min(s), np.max(s)))
else:
l.append(s[0])
print(l)
输出:
[(2, 5), (12, 17), 20]
答案 9 :(得分:1)
我认为这种方式比我在这里看到的任何答案都简单(编辑:根据 Pleastry 的评论修复):
data = [2, 3, 4, 5, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 20]
starts = [x for x in data if x-1 not in data and x+1 in data]
ends = [x for x in data if x-1 in data and x+1 not in data and x not in starts]
singles = [x for x in data if x-1 not in data and x+1 not in data]
list(zip(starts, ends)) + singles
输出:
[(2, 5), (12, 17), 20]
答案 10 :(得分:0)
使用numpy +理解列表:
使用numpy diff函数,可以识别其差异不等于1的后续输入向量条目。需要考虑输入向量的开始和结束。
import numpy as np
data = np.array([2, 3, 4, 5, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 20])
d = [i for i, df in enumerate(np.diff(data)) if df!= 1]
d = np.hstack([-1, d, len(data)-1]) # add first and last elements
d = np.vstack([d[:-1]+1, d[1:]]).T
print(data[d])
输出:
[[ 2 5]
[12 17]
[20 20]]
注意:省略了应该区别对待个别号码的请求(作为个人而非范围返回)。这可以通过进一步后处理结果来实现。通常这会使事情变得更加复杂而不会获得任何好处。
答案 11 :(得分:0)
一个没有额外导入的简短解决方案。它接受任何可迭代的,排序未排序的输入,并删除重复的项目:
def ranges(nums):
nums = sorted(set(nums))
gaps = [[s, e] for s, e in zip(nums, nums[1:]) if s+1 < e]
edges = iter(nums[:1] + sum(gaps, []) + nums[-1:])
return list(zip(edges, edges))
示例:
>>> ranges([2, 3, 4, 7, 8, 9, 15])
[(2, 4), (7, 9), (15, 15)]
>>> ranges([-1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 12, 13, 15, 100])
[(-1, 3), (12, 13), (15, 15), (100, 100)]
>>> ranges(range(100))
[(0, 99)]
>>> ranges([0])
[(0, 0)]
>>> ranges([])
[]
这与@ dansalmo&#39; s solution相同,我发现它很神奇,虽然有点难以阅读和应用(因为它没有作为功能提供)。
请注意,它可以轻松修改以吐出&#34;传统&#34;开放范围[start, end)
,例如改变return语句:
return [(s, e+1) for s, e in zip(edges, edges)]
我从another question复制了这个答案,该答案被标记为此复制品的副本,目的是让它更容易找到(在我刚刚再次搜索此主题之后,首先在此处查找问题,不满意给出的答案)。
答案 12 :(得分:0)
使用groupby
中的count
和itertools
给我们提供了一个简短的解决方案。这个想法是,索引和值之间的差异将以递增的顺序保持不变。
为了跟踪索引,我们可以使用itertools.count,它使代码更干净,就像使用enumerate
:
from itertools import groupby, count
def intervals(data):
out = []
counter = count()
for key, group in groupby(data, key = lambda x: x-next(counter)):
block = list(group)
out.append([block[0], block[-1]])
return out
一些示例输出:
print(intervals([0, 1, 3, 4, 6]))
# [[0, 1], [3, 4], [6, 6]]
print(intervals([2, 3, 4, 5]))
# [[2, 5]]
答案 13 :(得分:0)
Mark Byers,Andrea Ambu,SilentGhost,Nadia Alramli和truppo的版本既简单又快速。 “ truppo”版本鼓励我编写一个版本,该版本在处理除1以外的步长时保留了相同的敏捷行为(并且以单例元素的形式列出,在给定步长下步长不超过1步)。它被赋予here。
>>> list(ranges([1,2,3,4,3,2,1,3,5,7,11,1,2,3]))
[(1, 4, 1), (3, 1, -1), (3, 7, 2), 11, (1, 3, 1)]
答案 14 :(得分:0)
不是最好的方法,但这是我的2美分
def getConsecutiveValues2(arr):
x = ""
final = []
end = 0
start = 0
for i in range(1,len(arr)) :
if arr[i] - arr[i-1] == 1 :
end = i
else :
print(start,end)
final.append(arr[start:end+1])
start = i
if i == len(arr) - 1 :
final.append(arr[start:end+1])
return final
x = [1,2,3,5,6,8,9,10,11,12]
print(getConsecutiveValues2(x))
>> [[1, 2, 3], [5, 6], [8, 9, 10, 11]]
答案 15 :(得分:0)
此实现适用于规则或不规则步骤
我需要实现相同的目标,但在步骤可能不规则的情况下略有不同。这是我的实现
def ranges(l):
if not len(l):
return range(0,0)
elif len(l)==1:
return range(l[0],l[0]+1)
# get steps
sl = sorted(l)
steps = [i-j for i,j in zip(sl[1:],sl[:-1])]
# get unique steps indexes range
groups = [[0,0,steps[0]],]
for i,s in enumerate(steps):
if s==groups[-1][-1]:
groups[-1][1] = i+1
else:
groups.append( [i+1,i+1,s] )
g2 = groups[-2]
if g2[0]==g2[1]:
if sl[i+1]-sl[i]==s:
_=groups.pop(-2)
groups[-1][0] = i
# create list of ranges
return [range(sl[i],sl[j]+s,s) if s!=0 else [sl[i]]*(j+1-i) for i,j,s in groups]
这是一个例子
from timeit import timeit
# for regular ranges
l = list(range(1000000))
ranges(l)
>>> [range(0, 1000000)]
l = list(range(10)) + list(range(20,25)) + [1,2,3]
ranges(l)
>>> [range(0, 2), range(1, 3), range(2, 4), range(3, 10), range(20, 25)]
sorted(l);[list(i) for i in ranges(l)]
>>> [0, 1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24]
>>> [[0, 1], [1, 2], [2, 3], [3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9], [20, 21, 22, 23, 24]]
# for irregular steps list
l = [1, 3, 5, 7, 10, 11, 12, 100, 200, 300, 400, 60, 99, 4000,4001]
ranges(l)
>>> [range(1, 9, 2), range(10, 13), range(60, 138, 39), range(100, 500, 100), range(4000, 4002)]
## Speed test
timeit("ranges(l)","from __main__ import ranges,l", number=1000)/1000
>>> 9.303160999934334e-06