确定POINT是否在LINESTRING上的两个其他POINT之间(SQL Server 2008 Geography)

时间:2010-01-27 22:00:01

标签: sql sql-server sql-server-2008 gis geography

我的数据库中包含GEOGRAPHY的SQL Server 2008 LINESTRING数据类型。 LINESTRING描述了一条可能弯曲的道路。

我还有另一张表格,其中包含GEOGRAPHY POINT的起点和终点。我需要知道第三点是否落在路上的这两点之间(LINESTRING)。

目前,我正在测试:

  • 第三点在线
  • 新点与起点之间的距离与新点与终点之间的距离均小于起点与终点之间的距离

这个有效,但看起来真的不优雅根本不起作用,如果道路你自己开启!有办法吗?

2 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:3)

如您所知,在以下情况下,您的方法将失败,其中S是起点,E是终点,X是您正在测试的点:

Determine if a POINT is between two other POINTs on a LINESTRING http://img10.imageshack.us/img10/4937/gmap.png

使用该方法,点X将错误地导致在点S和点E之间,因为它通过了算法的测试1和测试2:即。点X在线串上,从X到S和从X到E的距离都小于从S到E的距离。


一种可能的解决方案

你可以将你的线串路径“爆炸”成单独的线段,每个只有两个点,所以:

LINESTRING(-122.360 47.656, -122.343 47.656, -122.310 47.690, -122.310 47.670)

会被分解为:

LINESTRING(-122.360 47.656, -122.343 47.656)
LINESTRING(-122.343 47.656, -122.310 47.690)
LINESTRING(-122.310 47.690, -122.310 47.670)

然后,您将能够遍历上述每个线段,并使用STIntersects测试该点是否位于其中一个线段上。当一个点通过此测试时,您将能够确定它是否在起点和终点之内。

如果可能,我建议将起点/终点存储为线串路径上的点的索引,而不是原始地理点。首先,这将使解决此问题变得更容易,但除此之外,您将消除数据的重复,这也保证了您不能拥有不属于线串的起点/终点。这样做的缺点是您不能在线段的中间有起点/终点,但它们必须位于路径的一个角上。现在您必须确定您的应用程序中是否可以接受此限制。

如果您选择上述表示,我们可以使用以下递归函数解决此问题,其中@path是表示道路的线串,@start_point@end_end表示索引@path上的两个点(第一个索引是1),@test_point是要测试的地理点。测试点可以位于谎言的任何地方。

CREATE FUNCTION [dbo].[func_PointBetween](@path        geography, 
                                          @start_point int, 
                                          @end_point   int,
                                          @test_point  geography)   
RETURNS tinyint
AS
BEGIN
    DECLARE @result       tinyint = 0;
    DECLARE @num_points   int = @path.STNumPoints();
    DECLARE @line_segment geography;

    IF (@start_point < @end_point) AND (@end_point < @num_points)
    BEGIN
        /* Generate the line segment from the current start point
           to the following point (@start_point + 1). */

        SET @line_segment = geography::STLineFromText('LINESTRING(' + 
            CAST(@path.STPointN(@start_point).Long AS varchar(32))+ ' ' + 
            CAST(@path.STPointN(@start_point).Lat AS varchar(32)) + ',' +
            CAST(@path.STPointN(@start_point + 1).Long AS varchar(32))+ ' ' + 
            CAST(@path.STPointN(@start_point + 1).Lat AS varchar(32)) + ')', 
            4326);

        /* Add a buffer of 25m to @test_point. This is optional, but 
           recommended, otherwise it will be very difficult to get a
           point exactly on the line. The buffer value may be tweaked
           as necessary for your application. */

        IF @test_point.STBuffer(25).STIntersects(@line_segment) = 1
        BEGIN
            /* The test point is on one of the line segments between
               @start_point and @end_point. Return 1 and stop the 
               recursion. */

            SET @result = 1;
        END
        ELSE
        BEGIN
            /* The test point is not between the @start_point and
               @start_point + 1. Increment @start_point by 1 and
               continue recursively. */

            SET @result = [dbo].[func_PointBetween](@path, 
                                                    @start_point + 1,
                                                    @end_point,
                                                    @test_point);
        END
    END
    ELSE
    BEGIN
        /* There are no further points. The test point is not between the
           @start_point and @end_point. Return 0 and stop the recursion. */

        SET @result = 0;
    END

    RETURN @result;
END

为了测试上述功能,我定义了6点线串,如上图所示。然后我们将定义两个测试点:@test_point_a,它位于第三和第四点之间,@test_point_b,它位于路径之外。

DECLARE @road geography;
DECLARE @test_point_a geography;
DECLARE @test_point_b geography;

SET @road = geography::STGeomFromText('LINESTRING(-122.360 47.656, 
                                                  -122.343 47.656, 
                                                  -122.310 47.690, 
                                                  -122.310 47.670, 
                                                  -122.300 47.670, 
                                                  -122.290 47.660)', 
                                                  4326);

/* This point lies between point 3 and point 4 */           
SET @test_point_a = geography::STGeomFromText('POINT(-122.310 47.680)', 4326);

/* This point lies outside the path */
SET @test_point_b = geography::STGeomFromText('POINT(-122.310 47.700)', 4326);

/* This returns 1, because the test point is between start and end */
SELECT dbo.func_PointBetween(@road, 2, 5, @test_point_a);

/* This returns 0 because the test point is not between start and end */
SELECT dbo.func_PointBetween(@road, 4, 5, @test_point_a);

/* This returns 0 because the test point lies outside the path */
SELECT dbo.func_PointBetween(@road, 1, 6, @test_point_b);

答案 1 :(得分:0)

您应该能够检查新点与起点和终点之间的线段子集之间的距离(STDistance)。该距离应评估为零。如果我有机会深入研究地理数据类型,我会尝试将确切的查询放在一起,但希望这可以让你开始。