所以我认为我理解了如何实现一个指针数组,但我的编译器说不然=(。任何帮助都会受到赞赏,我觉得我很接近,但我错过了一些至关重要的东西。
1。)我有一个名为node的结构声明:。
struct node {
int num;
node *next;
}
2。)我已经声明了一个指针数组的指针,如下所示:
node **arrayOfPointers;
3。)然后我通过这样做动态地创建了指针数组:
arrayOfPointers = new node*[arraySize];
此时我的理解是,arrayOfPointers现在指向x节点类型的数组,其中x = = arraySize。
4.但是当我想访问arrayOfPointers中的第五个元素以检查它的下一个指针是否为空时,我收到了一个分段错误错误。使用这个:
if (arrayOfPointers[5]->next == NULL)
{
cout << "I'm null" << endl;
}
有谁知道为什么会这样?我可以通过执行以下操作为num赋值:arrayOfPointers [5] - &gt; num = 77;
但是我很困惑为什么检查结构中的指针导致错误。此外,虽然我们正在使用它,将arrayOfPointers传递给函数的正确原型是什么?它仍然是(节点** arrayOfPointers)还是其他类似的东西(node *&amp; arrayOfPointers)?
提前感谢您提供的任何提示或指示(哈哈)!
完整代码(已更新):
/*
* Functions related to separate chain hashing
*/
struct chainNode
{
int value;
chainNode *next;
};
chainNode* CreateNewChainNode (int keyValue)
{
chainNode *newNode;
newNode = new (nothrow) chainNode;
newNode->value = keyValue;
newNode->next = NULL;
return newNode;
}
void InitDynamicArrayList (int tableSize, chainNode **chainListArray)
{
// create dynamic array of pointers
chainListArray = new (nothrow) chainNode*[tableSize];
// allocate each pointer in array
for (int i=0; i < tableSize; i++)
{
chainListArray[i]= CreateNewChainNode(0);
}
return;
}
bool SeparateChainInsert (int keyValue, int hashAddress, chainNode **chainListArray)
{
bool isInserted = false;
chainNode *newNode;
newNode = CreateNewChainNode(keyValue); // create new node
// if memory allocation did not fail, insert new node into hash table
if (newNode != NULL)
{
//if array cell at hash address is empty
if (chainListArray[hashAddress]->next == NULL)
{
// insert new node to front of list, keeping next pointer still set to NULL
chainListArray[hashAddress]->next = newNode;
}
else //else cell is pointing to a list of nodes already
{
// new node's next pointer will point to former front of linked list
newNode->next = chainListArray[hashAddress]->next;
// insert new node to front of list
chainListArray[hashAddress]->next = newNode;
}
isInserted = true;
cout << keyValue << " inserted into chainListArray at index " << hashAddress << endl;
}
return isInserted;
}
/*
* Functions to fill array with random numbers for hashing
*/
void FillNumArray (int randomArray[])
{
int i = 0; // counter for for loop
int randomNum = 0; // randomly generated number
for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE; i++) // do this for entire array
{
randomNum = GenerateRandomNum(); // get a random number
while(!IsUniqueNum(randomNum, randomArray)) // loops until random number is unique
{
randomNum = GenerateRandomNum();
}
randomArray[i] = randomNum; // insert random number into array
}
return;
}
int GenerateRandomNum ()
{
int num = 0; // randomly generated number
// generate random number between start and end ranges
num = (rand() % END_RANGE) + START_RANGE;
return num;
}
bool IsUniqueNum (int num, int randomArray[])
{
bool isUnique = true; // indicates if number is unique and NOT in array
int index = 0; // array index
//loop until end of array or a zero is found
//(since array elements were initialized to zero)
while ((index < ARRAY_SIZE) && (!randomArray[index] == 0))
{
// if a value in the array matches the num passed in, num is not unique
if (randomArray[index] == num)
{
isUnique = false;
}
index++; // increment index counter
} // end while
return isUnique;
}
/*
*main
*/
int main (int argc, char* argv[])
{
int randomNums[ARRAY_SIZE] = {0}; // initialize array elements to 0
int hashTableSize = 0; // size of hash table to use
chainNode **chainListArray;
bool chainEntry = true; //testing chain hashing
//initialize random seed
srand((unsigned)time(NULL));
FillNumArray(randomNums); // fill randomNums array with random numbers
//test print array
for(int i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE; i++)
{
cout << randomNums[i] << endl;
}
//test chain hashing insert
hashTableSize = 19;
int hashAddress = 0;
InitDynamicArrayList(hashTableSize, chainListArray);
//try to hash into hash table
for (int i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE; i++)
{
hashAddress = randomNums[i] % hashTableSize;
chainEntry = SeparateChainInsert(randomNums[i], hashAddress, chainListArray);
}
system("pause");
return 0;
}
答案 0 :(得分:9)
arrayOfPointers = new node*[arraySize];
返回一堆未分配的指针。你的顶级数组很好,但它的元素仍然是未初始化的指针,所以当你这样做时:
->next
您调用未定义的行为。您正在取消引用未初始化的指针。
您正确分配了数组,现在需要分配每个指针,即
for(int i = 0; i < arraySize; ++i) {
arrayOfPointers[i] = new node;
}
顺便说一句,我意识到你正在学习,但你应该意识到你实际上是在这里写C。在C ++中,您拥有无数精彩的数据结构,可以为您处理内存分配(更重要的是,重新分配)。
答案 1 :(得分:0)
您的代码很好,但它是关于您如何声明您的InitDynamicArrayList。一种方法是使用*** chainListArray,或更像C ++的语法来使用这样的引用:
void InitDynamicArrayList(int tableSize,chainNode **&amp; chainListArray)