单词的正则表达式排除具有另一个单词的行

Question

输入：

hello world.
This is hello world.
Another hello world.
New hello world.

现在搜索hello的所有匹配项，不包括包含This

的行

搜索输出：

hello world
Another hello world
New hello world.

现在用hello

替换所有hell

替换输出：

hell world.
This is hello world.
Another hell world.
New hell world.

Answer 1

您可以使用awk执行此操作

awk '/hello/ && !/This/ {gsub(/hello/,"hell")}8' file
hell world.
This is hello world.
Another hell world.
New hell world.

Answer 2

grep不做替换，因此您需要使用其他工具。 Jotne已展示了如何使用awk执行此操作，以下是sed的使用方法：

sed -e '/This/b' -e '/hello/ s/hello/hell/' file

输出：

hell world.
This is hello world.
Another hell world.
New hell world.

Answer 3

perl -pi -e 's/hello/hell/g if(/hello/ && $_!~/This/)' your_file

更简单的版本：

perl -pi -e 's/hello/hell/g unless(/This/)' your_file

下面测试：

> cat temp
hello world.
This is hello world.
Another hello world.
New hello world.
> perl -pe 's/hello/hell/g unless(/This/)' temp
hell world.
This is hello world.
Another hell world.
New hell world.
> 

Answer 4

为什么不简单地这样做：

sed '/This/!s/hello/hell/g'

还是我误解了这个要求？它给出了：

hell world.
This is hello world.
Another hell world.
New hell world.