Axis不会使用日期标签绘图

Question

我有一个多变量数据集，以下面的数据为代表：

financials <- 
  "A           B         C          D            E         Dates
52730.1     104761.1    275296.1     569423.1  1136638.1    2013-12-2
77709       97940       275778      515095     1075166      2013-08-04
102734      71672       227017      482068     1011764      2013-03-17
96345       74035       240334      429026      998734      2012-10-28 
98651       62305       236694      436948      962913      2012-06-10 
78804       73568       242068      471640      945891      2012-01-22"
fData <- read.table(text = financials, header = TRUE)

我在同一个图上绘制所有变量（A，B，..等）。这是我的代码，它有效：

 range <- range(fData[,-6])
fData$Dates <- as.Date(fData$Dates, origin = "2011-07-03")
Labels <- seq(as.Date("2012-01-22", origin = "2011-07-03"),
              to = as.Date("2013-12-2",origin = "2011-07-03"),
              by = "2 months")
plot(A ~ Dates, fData,  type = "o", col = "red", ylim = range, xaxt="n", pch = 10)
points(B ~ Dates, fData, type = "o", col = "green", pch = 11)
points(C ~ Dates, fData, type = "o", col = "black", pch = 12)
points(D ~ Dates, fData, type = "o", col = "blue", pch = 13)
points(E ~ Dates, fData, type = "o", col = "magenta", pch = 14)

我尝试使用功能轴添加x轴，如下所示，但是x轴没有显示

axis(side = 1, at = seq(1,12), labels = Labels)

然后我尝试了axis.Date函数我得到了一个错误'origin'必须提供。

axis.Date(side = 1, x = Labels, at = seq(1,12), format = "%m/%y", origin = "2011-07-03") 

我需要的是：（1）12个日期标签“标签”在x轴上有12个刻度线，在45度下有空白，（2）格式化y轴以显示$ 100,000刻度的财务数据，（3）请帮我理解我的错误。

非常感谢提前。

Answer 1

您可以尝试ggplot替代方案：

library(reshape2)
library(ggplot2)
library(scales)

df <- melt(fData)
df$Dates <- as.Date(df$Dates)

ggplot(data = df, aes(x = Dates, y = value, color = variable)) +
  geom_point() +
  geom_line() +
scale_x_date(breaks = date_breaks("2 month"),
             labels = date_format("%Y-%m")) +
  scale_y_continuous(labels = dollar,
                     breaks = seq(from = 100000, to = 1200000, by = 100000)) +
  theme_classic() + 
  theme(axis.text.x  = element_text(angle = 45, vjust = 1, hjust = 1))

如果您想手动设置点形状和颜色，请参阅?scale_shape_manual和?scale_color_manual。

修改：更改了x轴上的日期格式。

Answer 2

at = seq(1,12)不起作用，因为日期存储为数字，1到12与日期内部表示不匹配。参见例如axis(side = 1, at = Labels)和帮助?Dates：

  

日期表示为自1970-01-01以来的天数   早期日期的负值。

axis(side = 1, at = Labels, labels = Labels)

的工作原理。

但是，如果您希望标签在基础图形中倾斜，我认为您需要将text()与srt一起使用：

text(Labels, par("usr")[3], srt = 45, adj = 1, labels = Labels, xpd = TRUE)

最后，使用format()和big.mark=格式化y标签：

axis(side = 2, at = pretty(as.matrix(fData[, -6])), labels = format(pretty(as.matrix(fData[, -6])), big.mark=","), las=1)

Answer 3

首先，创建没有轴（axes = FALSE）的图：

plot(A ~ Dates, fData,  type = "o", col = "red", ylim = range, pch = 10,
     axes = FALSE)
points(B ~ Dates, fData, type = "o", col = "green", pch = 11)
points(C ~ Dates, fData, type = "o", col = "black", pch = 12)
points(D ~ Dates, fData, type = "o", col = "blue", pch = 13)
points(E ~ Dates, fData, type = "o", col = "magenta", pch = 14)

您不能将axis.Date用于x轴，因为您需要倾斜标签。您必须将axis（对于刻度线）和text组合为标签：在这里，format用于创建标签：

axis(side = 1, at = Labels, labels = FALSE) 
text(x = Labels, y = par("usr")[3] - 70000, labels = format(Labels, "%m/%y"), 
     srt = 45, pos = 1, xpd = TRUE)

现在，您必须创建y轴。首先，我们需要一个刻度位置矢量（ticksY）和一个标签矢量（LabelsY）。值采用指定的格式：

ticksY <- seq(0, max(range), 100000)
LabelsY <- paste("$", format(ticksY, scientific = FALSE, big.mark = ","))
axis(side = 2, at = ticksY, labels = LabelsY)