Question

我正在尝试编写一个shell脚本来解析来自日志的grepped行的值：

 <WhereIsTheCar - the car with id number 'Sys Generated. VARIABLESTRING 1111' is driving to: Canada>
 <WhereIsTheCar - the car with id number 'Sys Generated. VARIABLESTRING 2222' is driving to: Mexico>
 <WhereIsTheCar - no car could be found with the following ID number: 'Sys Generated. VARIABLESTRING 3333'>

我已经为这些线路做了一个grepped并创建了一个数组。我正在寻找一个类似的输出：

Canada
    Sys Generated. VARIABLESTRING 1111

Mexico
    Sys Generated. VARIABLESTRING 2222

Not Found
    Sys Generated. VARIABLESTRING 3333

我当然不太擅长shell脚本，但我已经找到了一种“蛮力”方法来获取我想要的值：

i=0
for line in "${grep[@]}"
do
    loc[i]=`sed -e "s/.*\:\(.*\)>/\1/" <<< $line | sed -e "s/^[ \t]*//" -e "s/[ \t]*$//" -e "s/^\([\"']\)\(.*\)\1\$/\2/g"`
    echo ${loc[i]};
    id[i]=`sed -e "s/^.*\'\(.*\)\'.*$/\1/" <<< $line | sed -e "s/^[ \t]*//" -e "s/[ \t]*$//" -e "s/^\([\"']\)\(.*\)\1\$/\2/g"`
    echo ${id[i]};
    let i++
done

我正在创建一个位置和id数组，然后尝试修剪空白和额外的引号。我想我可以从这里完成，但我想知道是否有人有更优雅（或更适合）的方法。任何意见，将不胜感激。

Answer 1

另一种可能性就是在bash中使用BASH_REMATCH而不是awk或sed

   BASH_REMATCH
          An  array  variable  whose members are assigned by the =~ binary
          operator to the [[ conditional command.  The element with  index
          0  is  the  portion  of  the  string matching the entire regular
          expression.  The element with index n  is  the  portion  of  the
          string matching the nth parenthesized subexpression.  This vari‐
          able is read-only.

所以这应该对你有用

#!/bin/bash
while read -r line; do
  [[ $line =~ "is driving to:"(.*)">" ]] && echo ${BASH_REMATCH[1]} || echo "Not Found"
  [[ $line =~ \'(.*)\' ]] && echo -e "\t${BASH_REMATCH[1]}\n"
done < "file"

示例输出

> ./abovescript
Canada
    Sys Generated. VARIABLESTRING 1111

Mexico
    Sys Generated. VARIABLESTRING 2222

Not Found
    Sys Generated. VARIABLESTRING 3333

Answer 2

awk会让它变得更容易：

awk -F"('|driving to: |>)" '{printf "%s\n\t%s\n\n", NF==5?$4:"Not Found",$2;next}' file

使用您的数据进行测试：

kent$  cat f
<WhereIsTheCar - the car with id number 'Sys Generated. VARIABLESTRING 1111' is driving to: Canada>
<WhereIsTheCar - the car with id number 'Sys Generated. VARIABLESTRING 2222' is driving to: Mexico>
<WhereIsTheCar - no car could be found with the following ID number: 'Sys Generated. VARIABLESTRING 3333'>

kent$  awk -F"('|driving to: |>)" '{printf "%s\n\t%s\n\n", NF==5?$4:"Not Found",$2;next}' f
Canada
        Sys Generated. VARIABLESTRING 1111

Mexico
        Sys Generated. VARIABLESTRING 2222

Not Found
        Sys Generated. VARIABLESTRING 3333

Answer 3

使用sed

sed -nr "/driving to/ s/.*'([^']+)'.*:(.*)>/\2\n\t\1/p; /no car could be found/ s/.*'([^']+)'.*/ Not Found\n\t\1/p" file

 Canada
        Sys Generated. VARIABLESTRING 1111
 Mexico
        Sys Generated. VARIABLESTRING 2222
 Not Found
        Sys Generated. VARIABLESTRING 3333

说明：

拆分为两部分，直接处理输入文件，无需循环。

提示：当需要在sed中处理单个配额时使用双重配额。

/driving to/ s/.*'([^']+)'.*:(.*)>/\2\n\t\1/p用于获取找到汽车的内容 /no car could be found/ s/.*'([^']+)'.*/ Not Found\n\t\1/p曾用过没有找到汽车的内容。

使用shell脚本解析日志值

3 个答案: