我需要创建一个可执行尽可能多的发行版的可执行文件。我阅读了很多关于此的信息，我发现有两种方法：静态链接和动态链接。第一个解决方案避免了将可执行文件带入库，但它在许可证方面存在一些问题。第二种解决方案似乎更合适。 通过动态链接，链接器将可执行的ELF头添加到所需的库的所有引用中，操作系统在执行二进制文件之前加载这些库。
命令readelf -d <binary>显示所需的库：
Dynamic section at offset 0x149d80 contains 33 entries:
Tag Type Name/Value
0x0000000000000001 (NEEDED) Shared library: [libopencv_highgui.so.2.4]
0x0000000000000001 (NEEDED) Shared library: [libopencv_imgproc.so.2.4]
0x0000000000000001 (NEEDED) Shared library: [libopencv_core.so.2.4]
0x0000000000000001 (NEEDED) Shared library: [libstdc++.so.6]
0x0000000000000001 (NEEDED) Shared library: [libm.so.6]
0x0000000000000001 (NEEDED) Shared library: [libgcc_s.so.1]
0x0000000000000001 (NEEDED) Shared library: [libpthread.so.0]
0x0000000000000001 (NEEDED) Shared library: [libc.so.6]
0x000000000000000f (RPATH) Library rpath: [$ORIGIN/lib]
而命令ldd <binary>显示从我的可执行文件中调用的所有库：
linux-vdso.so.1 => (0x00007fffbb14c000)
libopencv_highgui.so.2.4 => /home/user/./lib/libopencv_highgui.so.2.4 (0x00007f19398d0000)
libopencv_imgproc.so.2.4 => /home/user/./lib/libopencv_imgproc.so.2.4 (0x00007f1939410000)
libopencv_core.so.2.4 => /home/user/./lib/libopencv_core.so.2.4 (0x00007f1938fb7000)
libstdc++.so.6 => /home/user/./lib/libstdc++.so.6 (0x00007f1938cb3000)
libm.so.6 => /home/user/./lib/libm.so.6 (0x00007f19389b7000)
libgcc_s.so.1 => /home/user/./lib/libgcc_s.so.1 (0x00007f19387a0000)
libpthread.so.0 => /home/user/./lib/libpthread.so.0 (0x00007f1938583000)
libc.so.6 => /home/user/./lib/libc.so.6 (0x00007f19381c3000)
libtiff.so.4 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libtiff.so.4 (0x00007f1937f49000)
libgstreamer-0.10.so.0 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgstreamer-0.10.so.0 (0x00007f1937c62000)
libgobject-2.0.so.0 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgobject-2.0.so.0 (0x00007f1937a13000)
libglib-2.0.so.0 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libglib-2.0.so.0 (0x00007f193771d000)
libgstapp-0.10.so.0 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgstapp-0.10.so.0 (0x00007f1937511000)
libgstvideo-0.10.so.0 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgstvideo-0.10.so.0 (0x00007f19372f5000)
libdc1394.so.22 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libdc1394.so.22 (0x00007f1937081000)
libv4l1.so.0 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libv4l1.so.0 (0x00007f1936e7b000)
libavcodec.so.53 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libavcodec.so.53 (0x00007f193606b000)
libavformat.so.53 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libavformat.so.53 (0x00007f1935d6a000)
libavutil.so.51 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libavutil.so.51 (0x00007f1935b4a000)
libswscale.so.2 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libswscale.so.2 (0x00007f1935904000)
librt.so.1 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/librt.so.1 (0x00007f19356fb000)
libgomp.so.1 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgomp.so.1 (0x00007f19354ec000)
/lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 (0x00007f1939bca000)
libjpeg.so.8 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libjpeg.so.8 (0x00007f193529b000)
libz.so.1 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libz.so.1 (0x00007f1935084000)
libgmodule-2.0.so.0 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgmodule-2.0.so.0 (0x00007f1934e80000)
libxml2.so.2 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libxml2.so.2 (0x00007f1934b23000)
libdl.so.2 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libdl.so.2 (0x00007f193491f000)
libffi.so.6 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libffi.so.6 (0x00007f1934717000)
libpcre.so.3 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpcre.so.3 (0x00007f19344d9000)
libgstbase-0.10.so.0 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgstbase-0.10.so.0 (0x00007f1934286000)
liborc-0.4.so.0 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/liborc-0.4.so.0 (0x00007f193400b000)
libraw1394.so.11 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libraw1394.so.11 (0x00007f1933dfb000)
libusb-1.0.so.0 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libusb-1.0.so.0 (0x00007f1933bec000)
libv4l2.so.0 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libv4l2.so.0 (0x00007f19339e0000)
libvpx.so.1 => /usr/lib/libvpx.so.1 (0x00007f193373a000)
libvorbisenc.so.2 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libvorbisenc.so.2 (0x00007f193326b000)
libvorbis.so.0 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libvorbis.so.0 (0x00007f193303f000)
libtheoraenc.so.1 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libtheoraenc.so.1 (0x00007f1932e01000)
libtheoradec.so.1 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libtheoradec.so.1 (0x00007f1932be6000)
libspeex.so.1 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libspeex.so.1 (0x00007f19329cd000)
libschroedinger-1.0.so.0 => /usr/lib/libschroedinger-1.0.so.0 (0x00007f1932719000)
libgsm.so.1 => /usr/lib/libgsm.so.1 (0x00007f193250b000)
libva.so.1 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libva.so.1 (0x00007f19322f5000)
libbz2.so.1.0 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libbz2.so.1.0 (0x00007f19320e4000)
libv4lconvert.so.0 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libv4lconvert.so.0 (0x00007f1931e6f000)
libogg.so.0 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libogg.so.0 (0x00007f1931c67000)
现在我已经使用链接器的选项来设置RPATH -Wl，-rpath，\ $$ ORIGIN / lib（http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rpath），因此在执行之前链接器看起来是RPATH的第一个路径。如果未设置DT_RUNPATH（https://wiki.debian.org/RpathIssue），则为true。在我的Ubuntu 12.04 64位上，如果我用ldd检查这是正确的，所有库都指向正确的路径。 在Debian 7 64位上，openCV库不存在，ldd返回
linux-vdso.so.1 => (0x00007fffcf157000)
linux-vdso.so.1 => (0x00007fffcf157000)
libopencv_highgui.so.2.4 => /home/user/./lib/libopencv_highgui.so.2.4 (0x00007fd15d4a1000)
libopencv_imgproc.so.2.4 => /home/user/./lib/libopencv_imgproc.so.2.4 (0x00007fd15cfe1000)
libopencv_core.so.2.4 => /home/user/./lib/libopencv_core.so.2.4 (0x00007fd15cb88000)
libstdc++.so.6 => /home/user/./lib/libstdc++.so.6 (0x00007fd15c884000)
libm.so.6 => /home/user/./lib/libm.so.6 (0x00007fd15c588000)
libgcc_s.so.1 => /home/user/./lib/libgcc_s.so.1 (0x00007fd15c371000)
libpthread.so.0 => /home/user/./lib/libpthread.so.0 (0x00007fd15c154000)
libc.so.6 => /home/user/./lib/libc.so.6 (0x00007fd15bd94000)
libtiff.so.4 => /home/user/./lib/libtiff.so.4 (0x00007fd15bb2f000)
libgstreamer-0.10.so.0 => /home/user/./lib/libgstreamer-0.10.so.0 (0x00007fd15b848000)
libgobject-2.0.so.0 => /home/user/./lib/libgobject-2.0.so.0 (0x00007fd15b5f9000)
libglib-2.0.so.0 => /home/user/./lib/libglib-2.0.so.0 (0x00007fd15b303000)
libgstapp-0.10.so.0 => /home/user/./lib/libgstapp-0.10.so.0 (0x00007fd15b0f7000)
libgstvideo-0.10.so.0 => /home/user/./lib/libgstvideo-0.10.so.0 (0x00007fd15aedb000)
libdc1394.so.22 => /home/user/./lib/libdc1394.so.22 (0x00007fd15ac67000)
libv4l1.so.0 => /home/user/./lib/libv4l1.so.0 (0x00007fd15aa61000)
libavcodec.so.53 => /home/user/./lib/libavcodec.so.53 (0x00007fd159c51000)
libavformat.so.53 => /home/user/./lib/libavformat.so.53 (0x00007fd159950000)
libavutil.so.51 => /home/user/./lib/libavutil.so.51 (0x00007fd159730000)
libswscale.so.2 => /home/user/./lib/libswscale.so.2 (0x00007fd1594ea000)
librt.so.1 => /home/user/./lib/librt.so.1 (0x00007fd1592e1000)
libgomp.so.1 => /home/user/./lib/libgomp.so.1 (0x00007fd1590d2000)
/lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 (0x00007fd15d79b000)
libjpeg.so.8 => /home/user/./lib/libjpeg.so.8 (0x00007fd158e81000)
libz.so.1 => /home/user/./lib/libz.so.1 (0x00007fd158c6a000)
libgmodule-2.0.so.0 => /home/user/./lib/libgmodule-2.0.so.0 (0x00007fd158a66000)
libxml2.so.2 => /home/user/./lib/libxml2.so.2 (0x00007fd158709000)
libdl.so.2 => /home/user/./lib/libdl.so.2 (0x00007fd158505000)
libffi.so.6 => /home/user/./lib/libffi.so.6 (0x00007fd1582fd000)
libpcre.so.3 => /home/user/./lib/libpcre.so.3 (0x00007fd1580bf000)
libgstbase-0.10.so.0 => /home/user/./lib/libgstbase-0.10.so.0 (0x00007fd157e6c000)
liborc-0.4.so.0 => /home/user/./lib/liborc-0.4.so.0 (0x00007fd157bf1000)
libraw1394.so.11 => /home/user/./lib/libraw1394.so.11 (0x00007fd1579e1000)
libusb-1.0.so.0 => /home/user/./lib/libusb-1.0.so.0 (0x00007fd1577d2000)
libv4l2.so.0 => /home/user/./lib/libv4l2.so.0 (0x00007fd1575c6000)
libvpx.so.1 => /home/user/./lib/libvpx.so.1 (0x00007fd157320000)
libvorbisenc.so.2 => /home/user/./lib/libvorbisenc.so.2 (0x00007fd156e51000)
libvorbis.so.0 => /home/user/./lib/libvorbis.so.0 (0x00007fd156c25000)
libtheoraenc.so.1 => /home/user/./lib/libtheoraenc.so.1 (0x00007fd1569e7000)
libtheoradec.so.1 => /home/user/./lib/libtheoradec.so.1 (0x00007fd1567cc000)
libspeex.so.1 => /home/user/./lib/libspeex.so.1 (0x00007fd1565b3000)
libschroedinger-1.0.so.0 => /home/user/./lib/libschroedinger-1.0.so.0 (0x00007fd1562ff000)
libgsm.so.1 => /home/user/./lib/libgsm.so.1 (0x00007fd1560f1000)
libva.so.1 => /home/user/./lib/libva.so.1 (0x00007fd155edb000)
libbz2.so.1.0 => /home/user/./lib/libbz2.so.1.0 (0x00007fd155cca000)
libv4lconvert.so.0 => /home/user/./lib/libv4lconvert.so.0 (0x00007fd155a55000)
libogg.so.0 => /home/user/./lib/libogg.so.0 (0x00007fd15584d000)
在openSuse 12.3 64位上我似乎是正确的，我安装了openCV，路径$ ORIGIN / lib（libogg）外部有一些库
linux-vdso.so.1 => (0x00007fff25fff000)
libopencv_highgui.so.2.4 => /home/user/lib/libopencv_highgui.so.2.4 (0x00007feb4a50c000)
libopencv_imgproc.so.2.4 => /home/user/lib/libopencv_imgproc.so.2.4 (0x00007feb4a04c000)
libopencv_core.so.2.4 => /home/user/lib/libopencv_core.so.2.4 (0x00007feb49bf4000)
libstdc++.so.6 => /home/user/lib/libstdc++.so.6 (0x00007feb498f0000)
libm.so.6 => /home/user/lib/libm.so.6 (0x00007feb495f4000)
libgcc_s.so.1 => /home/user/lib/libgcc_s.so.1 (0x00007feb493de000)
libpthread.so.0 => /home/user/lib/libpthread.so.0 (0x00007feb491c1000)
libc.so.6 => /home/user/lib/libc.so.6 (0x00007feb48e01000)
libtiff.so.4 => /home/user/lib/libtiff.so.4 (0x00007feb48b9d000)
libgstreamer-0.10.so.0 => /home/user/lib/libgstreamer-0.10.so.0 (0x00007feb488b6000)
libgobject-2.0.so.0 => /home/user/lib/libgobject-2.0.so.0 (0x00007feb48667000)
libglib-2.0.so.0 => /home/user/lib/libglib-2.0.so.0 (0x00007feb48372000)
libgstapp-0.10.so.0 => /home/user/lib/libgstapp-0.10.so.0 (0x00007feb48166000)
libgstvideo-0.10.so.0 => /home/user/lib/libgstvideo-0.10.so.0 (0x00007feb47f4a000)
libdc1394.so.22 => /home/user/lib/libdc1394.so.22 (0x00007feb47cd7000)
libv4l1.so.0 => /home/user/lib/libv4l1.so.0 (0x00007feb47ad1000)
libavcodec.so.53 => /usr/local/lib/libavcodec.so.53 (0x00007feb46a00000)
libavformat.so.53 => /usr/local/lib/libavformat.so.53 (0x00007feb46702000)
libavutil.so.51 => /usr/local/lib/libavutil.so.51 (0x00007feb464e2000)
libswscale.so.2 => /usr/local/lib/libswscale.so.2 (0x00007feb462af000)
librt.so.1 => /home/user/lib/librt.so.1 (0x00007feb460a7000)
libgomp.so.1 => /home/user/lib/libgomp.so.1 (0x00007feb45e98000)
/lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 (0x00007feb4a804000)
libjpeg.so.8 => /home/user/lib/libjpeg.so.8 (0x00007feb45c48000)
libz.so.1 => /home/user/lib/libz.so.1 (0x00007feb45a31000)
libgmodule-2.0.so.0 => /home/user/lib/libgmodule-2.0.so.0 (0x00007feb4582d000)
libxml2.so.2 => /home/user/lib/libxml2.so.2 (0x00007feb454d1000)
libdl.so.2 => /home/user/lib/libdl.so.2 (0x00007feb452cd000)
libffi.so.6 => /home/user/lib/libffi.so.6 (0x00007feb450c5000)
libpcre.so.3 => /home/user/lib/libpcre.so.3 (0x00007feb44e88000)
libgstbase-0.10.so.0 => /home/user/lib/libgstbase-0.10.so.0 (0x00007feb44c35000)
liborc-0.4.so.0 => /home/user/lib/liborc-0.4.so.0 (0x00007feb449ba000)
libraw1394.so.11 => /home/user/lib/libraw1394.so.11 (0x00007feb447ab000)
libusb-1.0.so.0 => /home/user/lib/libusb-1.0.so.0 (0x00007feb4459c000)
libv4l2.so.0 => /home/user/lib/libv4l2.so.0 (0x00007feb44390000)
libvo-amrwbenc.so.0 => /usr/local/lib/libvo-amrwbenc.so.0 (0x00007feb44176000)
libvo-aacenc.so.0 => /usr/local/lib/libvo-aacenc.so.0 (0x00007feb43f58000)
libtheoraenc.so.1 => /usr/local/lib/libtheoraenc.so.1 (0x00007feb43d1d000)
libtheoradec.so.1 => /usr/local/lib/libtheoradec.so.1 (0x00007feb43b04000)
libspeex.so.1 => /usr/local/lib/libspeex.so.1 (0x00007feb438ea000)
libopencore-amrwb.so.0 => /usr/local/lib/libopencore-amrwb.so.0 (0x00007feb436d6000)
libopencore-amrnb.so.0 => /usr/local/lib/libopencore-amrnb.so.0 (0x00007feb434ac000)
libmp3lame.so.0 => /usr/local/lib/libmp3lame.so.0 (0x00007feb43224000)
libfaac.so.0 => /usr/local/lib/libfaac.so.0 (0x00007feb43011000)
libv4lconvert.so.0 => /home/user/lib/libv4lconvert.so.0 (0x00007feb42d9c000)
libogg.so.0 => /usr/local/lib/libogg.so.0 (0x00007feb42b95000)
$ ORIGIN / lib中的每个库都可以与其他库链接，它们可以与文件夹内的库不同。例如，如果我从Debian 7输入ldd，我会得到
./libavformat.so.53: /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6: version `GLIBC_2.14' not found (required by ./libavformat.so.53)
linux-vdso.so.1 => (0x00007fff31499000)
libavcodec.so.53 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libavcodec.so.53 (0x00007f5dfe09b000)
libavutil.so.51 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libavutil.so.51 (0x00007f5dfde7a000)
libm.so.6 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libm.so.6 (0x00007f5dfdbf7000)
libbz2.so.1.0 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libbz2.so.1.0 (0x00007f5dfd9e7000)
libz.so.1 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libz.so.1 (0x00007f5dfd7d0000)
libpthread.so.0 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpthread.so.0 (0x00007f5dfd5b3000)
libc.so.6 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6 (0x00007f5dfd229000)
libxvidcore.so.4 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libxvidcore.so.4 (0x00007f5dfcef2000)
libx264.so.123 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libx264.so.123 (0x00007f5dfcb69000)
libvpx.so.1 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libvpx.so.1 (0x00007f5dfc8ca000)
libvorbisenc.so.2 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libvorbisenc.so.2 (0x00007f5dfc3fb000)
libvorbis.so.0 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libvorbis.so.0 (0x00007f5dfc1cd000)
libtheoraenc.so.1 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libtheoraenc.so.1 (0x00007f5dfbf8c000)
libtheoradec.so.1 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libtheoradec.so.1 (0x00007f5dfbd70000)
libspeex.so.1 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libspeex.so.1 (0x00007f5dfbb57000)
libschroedinger-1.0.so.0 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libschroedinger-1.0.so.0 (0x00007f5dfb88a000)
libopenjpeg.so.2 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopenjpeg.so.2 (0x00007f5dfb668000)
libmp3lame.so.0 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libmp3lame.so.0 (0x00007f5dfb3dd000)
libgsm.so.1 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgsm.so.1 (0x00007f5dfb1d0000)
libdirac_encoder.so.0 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libdirac_encoder.so.0 (0x00007f5dfaf40000)
libva.so.1 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libva.so.1 (0x00007f5dfad28000)
/lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 (0x00007f5dff22e000)
libogg.so.0 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libogg.so.0 (0x00007f5dfab22000)
liborc-0.4.so.0 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/liborc-0.4.so.0 (0x00007f5dfa8a4000)
libstdc++.so.6 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libstdc++.so.6 (0x00007f5dfa59d000)
libgcc_s.so.1 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgcc_s.so.1 (0x00007f5dfa387000)
libdl.so.2 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libdl.so.2 (0x00007f5dfa182000)
因此可以获得仅依赖于$ ORIGIN / lib中的库的可执行文件吗？我使用64位Ubuntu 12.04进行编译，但是如果我尝试在Debian 7 64位上执行，我会在链接器ld-linux-x86-64.so.2中获得分段错误，而在openSuse 12.3 64位中我得到
./binary: relocation error: /home/user/lib/libopencv_highgui.so.2.4: symbol avformat_network_init, version LIBAVFORMAT_53 not defined in file libavformat.so.53 with link time reference
ldd libavformat
ldd libavformat.so.53
linux-vdso.so.1 => (0x00007fff8c3c5000)
libavcodec.so.53 => /usr/local/lib/libavcodec.so.53 (0x00007f3634b37000)
libavutil.so.51 => /usr/local/lib/libavutil.so.51 (0x00007f3634916000)
libm.so.6 => /lib64/libm.so.6 (0x00007f36346bf000)
libbz2.so.1.0 => not found
libz.so.1 => /lib64/libz.so.1 (0x00007f36344a7000)
libpthread.so.0 => /lib64/libpthread.so.0 (0x00007f3634289000)
libc.so.6 => /lib64/libc.so.6 (0x00007f3633ef9000)
libvo-amrwbenc.so.0 => /usr/local/lib/libvo-amrwbenc.so.0 (0x00007f3633cdf000)
libvo-aacenc.so.0 => /usr/local/lib/libvo-aacenc.so.0 (0x00007f3633ac0000)
libtheoraenc.so.1 => /usr/local/lib/libtheoraenc.so.1 (0x00007f3633885000)
libtheoradec.so.1 => /usr/local/lib/libtheoradec.so.1 (0x00007f363366c000)
libspeex.so.1 => /usr/local/lib/libspeex.so.1 (0x00007f3633451000)
libopencore-amrwb.so.0 => /usr/local/lib/libopencore-amrwb.so.0 (0x00007f363323d000)
libopencore-amrnb.so.0 => /usr/local/lib/libopencore-amrnb.so.0 (0x00007f3633013000)
libmp3lame.so.0 => /usr/local/lib/libmp3lame.so.0 (0x00007f3632d8a000)
libfaac.so.0 => /usr/local/lib/libfaac.so.0 (0x00007f3632b77000)
/lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 (0x00007f3635f35000)
libogg.so.0 => /usr/local/lib/libogg.so.0 (0x00007f363296f000)
二进制文件位于/ home / user /中。 是否有其他解决方案来分发没有源代码的二进制文件？
答案 0 :(得分：2)
糟糕！这是一个非常多的依赖！你很难让所有这些依赖项在各种各样的发行版中工作，尤其是因为你可能非常严格地依赖于特定版本的少数几个（例如，如果你想动态链接到OpenCV，那么至少你可能只支持发布相同主要版本的发行版。）
正如您所指出的，您应该永远不会创建一个完全静态的二进制文件（这在特定情况下非常有用，因为静态编译的二进制文件是最不可移植的）。规则：永远不要在libc中静态链接（如果你这样做，则禁止调用dlopen）。您可以静态链接libstdc ++，这样做可以使您在更广泛的发行版上兼容，但代价是略微增加二进制文件大小。 libm，libpthread与libc的规则基本相同，而像libz这样的古代库是安全的，因为它们具有非常稳定的ABI。
对于其余部分，您需要稍微分离出依赖关系树，并尝试在最差的运行时依赖关系中静态链接，记住您还必须链接其依赖关系！因此，如果你发现你必须在libavcodec中静态链接，你很可能也需要发布libspeex（除非它有一个非常稳定的ABI，我特别不知道那个库）。
关于Debian 7 libc问题：这可能是您最容易解决的问题。您只需编译您想要支持的最早的发行版。如果您在更新的Ubuntu或Suse版本上进行编译，那么您将获得比Debian 7更新版glibc的依赖。在旧机器上进行编译就可以了（它将在较新的发行版上运行）。