C ++二进制搜索树删除问题

时间:2014-01-14 07:36:23

标签: c++ algorithm binary-search-tree

我是C ++的新手。我的背景来自PHP和C#。我在Visual Studio 2005中用VC ++实现二进制搜索树

所有操作都没问题,我在一个特定情况下面临删除问题,即当我尝试删除头部两次或更多次时。

建议的策略是

  
      
  1. 在右子树中找到最小值
  2.   
  3. 用最少的
  4. 替换要删除的节点   
  5. 删除最低要求
  6.   

在我的代码中8位于顶部,当我删除顶部时,第一次,11次成为右侧子树的顶部,如果我删除任何其他节点,代码工作正常,但如果我再次删除顶部(删除后)现在它是8)我得到了以下错误

  

Windows在BinarySearchTreeByList.exe中触发了断点。

     

这可能是由于堆的损坏,并指示> BinarySearchTreeByList.exe或其加载的任何DLL中的错误。

     

输出窗口可能包含更多诊断信息

以下是完整的代码

#include "stdafx.h"
#include <stdio.h>
#include <tchar.h>
#include <list>
#include <iostream>

typedef struct node
{
    node* left;
    node* right;
    node* parent;
    int val;
};

using namespace std;

void insert_node(node** iterate, int newVal, node* newParent);
void traverse(node* iterate);
void del(node** iterate, int newVal, char direction);


void traverse(node* iterate)
{
    if(iterate != NULL)
    {
        traverse(iterate->left);
        printf("%d ",iterate->val);
        traverse(iterate->right);
    }
}


void del(node** iterate, int newVal, char direction)
{

    if((*iterate) == NULL)
        return;

    if((*iterate)->val == newVal)
    {
        if((*iterate)->left == NULL && (*iterate)->right == NULL)
        {
            if(direction == 't')
            {
                node* deleted = *iterate;
                *iterate = NULL;
                free(deleted);
            }

            if(direction == 'l')
            {
                node* deleted = (*iterate)->parent->left;
                (*iterate)->parent->left = NULL;
                free(deleted);
            }

            if(direction == 'r')
            {
                node* deleted = (*iterate)->parent->right;
                (*iterate)->parent->right = NULL;
                free(deleted);
            }

            return;
        }

        if((*iterate)->left == NULL)
        {
            if(direction == 't')
            {
                node* deleted = *iterate;
                *iterate = (*iterate)->right;
                (*iterate)->parent = NULL;
                free(deleted);
            }

            if(direction == 'l')
            {
                node* deleted = *iterate;
                (*iterate)->parent->left = (*iterate)->right;
                free(deleted);
            }

            if(direction == 'r')
            {
                node* deleted = *iterate;
                (*iterate)->parent->right = (*iterate)->right;
                free(deleted);
            }

            return;
        }

        if((*iterate)->right == NULL)
        {
            if(direction == 't')
            {
                node* deleted = *iterate;
                *iterate = (*iterate)->left;
                (*iterate)->parent = NULL;
                free(deleted);
            }

            if(direction == 'l')
            {
                node* deleted = *iterate;
                (*iterate)->parent->left = (*iterate)->left;
                free(deleted);
            }

            if(direction == 'r')
            {
                node* deleted = *iterate;
                (*iterate)->parent->right = (*iterate)->left;
                free(deleted);
            }

            return;
        }

        node* findmin = (*iterate)->right;

        int minVal = 0;

        while(findmin != NULL)
        {
            minVal = findmin->val;
            findmin = findmin->left;
        }

        (*iterate)->val = minVal;

        del(&((*iterate)->right), minVal, 'r');

        return;
    }

    if(newVal < (*iterate)->val)
        del(&((*iterate)->left) ,newVal, 'l');
    else
        del(&((*iterate)->right) ,newVal, 'r');

}


void insert_node(node** iterate, int newVal, node* newParent)
{
    if(*iterate == NULL)
    {
        node* newNode = (node*)malloc(sizeof(node));

        newNode->val = newVal;
        newNode->left = NULL;
        newNode->right = NULL;
        newNode->parent = newParent;

        *iterate = newNode;

        return;
    }

    if(newVal < (*iterate)->val)
        insert_node(&((*iterate)->left) , newVal, *iterate);
    else
        insert_node(&((*iterate)->right) , newVal, *iterate);
}

int main()
{
    node* iterate = NULL;

    insert_node(&iterate, 8, NULL);
    insert_node(&iterate, 15, NULL);
    insert_node(&iterate, 4, NULL);
    insert_node(&iterate, 2, NULL);
    insert_node(&iterate, 1, NULL);
    insert_node(&iterate, 3, NULL);
    insert_node(&iterate, 7, NULL);
    insert_node(&iterate, 6, NULL);
    insert_node(&iterate, 11, NULL);
    insert_node(&iterate, 22, NULL);
    insert_node(&iterate, 12, NULL);
    insert_node(&iterate, 13, NULL);    


    traverse(iterate);
    printf("\n\n");

    del(&iterate, 8, 't');
    del(&iterate, 22, 't');
    del(&iterate, 7, 't');
    del(&iterate, 11, 't');

    printf("\n\n");
    traverse(iterate);

    cin.clear();
    cin.ignore(255, '\n');
    cin.get(); 

}

感谢您的帮助

2 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:1)

您的问题是当您删除一个节点时,您将已删除父节点的子节点指针设置为已删除节点的子节点,但您没有将已删除父节点的子指针设置为已删除节点的子节点。

例如:

    if(direction == 'l')
    {
        node* deleted = *iterate;
        (*iterate)->parent->left = (*iterate)->right;
        deleted->right->parent = deleted->parent;
        free(deleted);
    }

你错过了行deleted->right->parent = deleted->parent;,我添加了它。 您应该以相同的方式修复代码中的其他几个位置。

答案 1 :(得分:0)

您的问题是,在删除包含子节点的节点时,您不会更新父节点。 parent字段仅在插入节点时分配,因此您有一个定义明确的树。你也可以在某些情况下设置它,例如当只有一个孩子且方向为't'时。

当您开始在节点周围摇晃而不更新'l''r'案例中已删除节点的子节点的父节点时,您会中断树。