我试图测量C程序的输出,所以我运行了调试器。
这是程序 - :
#define swap(a, b) temp=a; a=b; b=temp;
#include <stdio.h>
main()
{
int i, j, temp;
i = 5;
j = 10;
temp = 0;
if(i > j)
swap(i, j);
printf("%d %d %d", i, j, temp);
}
此计划的输出为10 0 0
。我看不出它是怎么可能的。
我在GDB第6,7,8,9,10行放了休息。这就是我得到的 - :
(gdb) run
Starting program: /home/pritishc/Documents/a.out
Breakpoint 1, main () at ProbleminC.c:7
7 i = 5;
(gdb) print i
$1 = 0
(gdb) print j
$2 = 0
(gdb) continue
Continuing.
Breakpoint 3, main () at ProbleminC.c:8
8 j = 10;
(gdb) print i
$3 = 5
(gdb) print j
$4 = 0
(gdb) print temp
$5 = 32767
(gdb) continue
Continuing.
Breakpoint 4, main () at ProbleminC.c:9
9 temp = 0;
(gdb) print i
$6 = 5
(gdb) print j
$7 = 10
(gdb) print temp
$8 = 32767
(gdb) c
Continuing.
Breakpoint 5, main () at ProbleminC.c:10
10 if(i > j)
(gdb) print i
$9 = 5
(gdb) print j
$10 = 10
(gdb) print temp
$11 = 0
(gdb) c
Continuing.
10 0 0[Inferior 1 (process 2710) exited with code 06]
(gdb) print i
No symbol "i" in current context.
(gdb)
这究竟是什么意思?为什么在地球上它给我这样的输出?
答案 0 :(得分:1)
你已经通过说:
定义了宏#define swap(a, b) temp=a; a=b; b=temp;
预处理器会将您的if
条件转换为:
if(i > j)
temp=i;
i=j;
j=temp;
将宏更改为:
#define swap(a, b) { temp=a; a=b; b=temp; }
或者甚至可以使用do ... while
循环:
#define swap(a, b) do { temp=a; a=b; b=temp; } while (0)
正在观察6
的退出代码是printf
的返回值。引自man 3 printf
:
Upon successful return, these functions return the number of characters
printed (excluding the null byte used to end output to strings).
在main()
(而不是int main()
)中,添加
return 0;