Question

首先，我是初学者：）

我正在为一个艺术画廊工作一个网站（46位艺术家，每3件作品清单+很多其他数据）

所以我决定创建一个主数组，其中所有艺术家及其作品都以数组方式列在数组中。我了解了如何使用foreach循环访问数组的各个部分。但是，我很难弄清楚如何单独访问每位艺术家。

这里是数组和foreach循环的一部分来访问它

我想要实现的是能够使用一个非常大的阵列并且能够单独访问每个艺术家的阵列。

       $artists = array(
            $sitnikov = array(
        $sitnikov[] = array(
        "artist" => "Vasily Sitnikov",
        "title" => '"'."Long Journey".'"',
        "year" => 1982,
        "media" => "Oil and tempera on plywood",
        "dimentions" => "H:" . 10 . " x W:" . 30.5 . "in",
        "availability" => "Sold",
        "thumb" => BASE_URL . "artists/vasily_sitnikov/images/ldpi/Thumb_Sitnikov_Vasily_Freedom.jpg",
        "lg" => BASE_URL . "artists/vasily_sitnikov/images/mdpi/Lg_Sitnikov_Vasily_Freedom.jpg"
        ),
        ),
        $slepishev = array(
        $slepishev[] = array(
        "artist" => "Anatoly Slepishev",
        "title" => '"'."Rider".'"',
        "year" => 1990,
        "media" => "Mixed media on paper",
        "dimentions" => "H:" . 19.5 . " x W:" . 25.5 . "in",
        "availability" => $available,
        "thumb" => BASE_URL .     "artists/anatoly_slepyshev/images/ldpi/Thumb_Anatoly_Slepishev_Rider.jpg",
        "lg" => BASE_URL . "artists/anatoly_slepyshev/images/mdpi/Lg_Anatoly_Slepishev_Rider.jpg",
        "literature" => "2011 Man’s Best Friends in the Works of Russian Artists Sloane Gallery of Art. ArtNet Online catalogue"
        ),
    $slepishev[] = array(
        "artist" => "Anatoly Slepishev",
        "title" => '"'."Lakeside".'"',
        "year" => 1991,
        "media" => "Watercolor on paper",
        "dimentions" => "H:" . 19.5 . " x W:" . 25.5 . "in",
        "availability" => $available,
        "thumb" => BASE_URL . "artists/anatoly_slepyshev/images/ldpi/Thumb_Anatoly_Slepyshev_Lakeside.jpg",
        "lg" => BASE_URL . "artists/anatoly_slepyshev/images/mdpi/Lg_Anatoly_Slepyshev_Lakeside.jpg",
        "literature" => "2011 Man’s Best Friends in the Works of Russian Artists Sloane Gallery of Art. ArtNet Online catalogue"
        ),
    $slepishev[] = array(
        "artist" => "Anatoly Slepishev",
        "title" => '"'."Rest".'"',
        "year" => 1991,
        "media" => "Watercolor on paper",
        "dimentions" => "H:" . 19.5 . " x W:" . 25.5 . "in",
        "availability" => $available,
        "thumb" => BASE_URL . "artists/anatoly_slepyshev/images/ldpi/Thumb_Anatoly_Slepyshev_Rest.jpg",
        "lg" => BASE_URL . "artists/anatoly_slepyshev/images/mdpi/Lg_Anatoly_Slepyshev_Rest.jpg"
        ))
);

echo "<pre>";
foreach ($artists as $artists_id => $artist_each) {
            echo $artist_id . "</br>";

        foreach ($artist_each as $artist_id => $artists_work) {
            echo 
            $artists_work["artist"] ."<br>"
            . $artists_work["title"] . "<br>"
            . $artists_work["year"] . "<br>" 
            . $artists_work["media"]. "<br>"
            . $artists_work["dimentions"] ."<br>"
            . $artists_work["availability"] ."<br>"
            .'"<img src ="' . $artists_work["thumb"] .'" /><br>'.
            '"<img src ="' . $artists_work["lg"] .'" /><br>'
            ;

        }
      }


      echo "</pre>";

Answer 1

您的数组的语法不完美。您应始终使用=>运算符在数组中创建键/值对。密钥应该是整数，字符串（例如"sitnikov"），或者具有整数或字符串值的现有变量（例如$sitnikov）。您不应该使用[]结束密钥：

$artists = array(
    "sitnikov" => array(
        0 => array(
            "artist" => "Vasily Sitnikov",
            "title" => '"'."Long Journey".'"',
            "year" => 1982,
            "media" => "Oil and tempera on plywood",
            "dimentions" => "H:" . 10 . " x W:" . 30.5 . "in",
            "availability" => "Sold",
            "thumb" => BASE_URL . "artists/vasily_sitnikov/images/ldpi/Thumb_Sitnikov_Vasily_Freedom.jpg",
            "lg" => BASE_URL . "artists/vasily_sitnikov/images/mdpi/Lg_Sitnikov_Vasily_Freedom.jpg"
        ),
    ),
    "slepishev" => array(
        0 => array(
            "artist" => "Anatoly Slepishev",
            "title" => '"'."Rider".'"',
            "year" => 1990,
            "media" => "Mixed media on paper",
            "dimentions" => "H:" . 19.5 . " x W:" . 25.5 . "in",
            "availability" => $available,
            "thumb" => BASE_URL .     "artists/anatoly_slepyshev/images/ldpi/Thumb_Anatoly_Slepishev_Rider.jpg",
            "lg" => BASE_URL . "artists/anatoly_slepyshev/images/mdpi/Lg_Anatoly_Slepishev_Rider.jpg",
            "literature" => "2011 Man’s Best Friends in the Works of Russian Artists Sloane Gallery of Art. ArtNet Online catalogue"
        ),
        1 => array(
            "artist" => "Anatoly Slepishev",
            "title" => '"'."Lakeside".'"',
            "year" => 1991,
            "media" => "Watercolor on paper",
            "dimentions" => "H:" . 19.5 . " x W:" . 25.5 . "in",
            "availability" => $available,
            "thumb" => BASE_URL . "artists/anatoly_slepyshev/images/ldpi/Thumb_Anatoly_Slepyshev_Lakeside.jpg",
            "lg" => BASE_URL . "artists/anatoly_slepyshev/images/mdpi/Lg_Anatoly_Slepyshev_Lakeside.jpg",
            "literature" => "2011 Man’s Best Friends in the Works of Russian Artists Sloane Gallery of Art. ArtNet Online catalogue"
        ),
        2 => array(
            "artist" => "Anatoly Slepishev",
            "title" => '"'."Rest".'"',
            "year" => 1991,
            "media" => "Watercolor on paper",
            "dimentions" => "H:" . 19.5 . " x W:" . 25.5 . "in",
            "availability" => $available,
            "thumb" => BASE_URL . "artists/anatoly_slepyshev/images/ldpi/Thumb_Anatoly_Slepyshev_Rest.jpg",
            "lg" => BASE_URL . "artists/anatoly_slepyshev/images/mdpi/Lg_Anatoly_Slepyshev_Rest.jpg"
        )
    )
);

如果您在第一个foreach循环后立即将行更改为foreach，则嵌套的echo $artists_id . "</br>";循环可以正常工作。

Answer 2

如果您的阵列有点坏了，那么结构就是

$artists = array(
    $sitnikov = array(
        $sitnikov[] = array(

你不需要第二个'sitnikov'上的[]。这是您正在寻找的结构：

$artists = array (
    'sitnikov' => array(
        "artist" => "Vasily Sitnikov",
        "title" => '"'."Long Journey".'"'
    ),
    'slepishev' => array(
        "artist" => "Anatoly Slepishev",
        "title" => '"'."Lakeside".'"'
    )
);

然后，你可以这样做：

foreach ( $artists as $artist => $values) {
    echo "Artist: " . $values['artist'] . "<br>";
    echo "Title: " . $values['title'] . "<br>";
    echo "<hr>";
}

这只是一个例子，因此可以满足您的需求。

Answer 3

我的哦我的......

不要误解我的意思：我对你用PHP语言的谦虚知识所取得的成就印象深刻。但是，还有其他方法可以帮助你做出很多努力。

我可能错了，但是如果你继续尝试，你的代码会让我觉得你可以成为一名优秀的程序员。这就是为什么我决定尝试让你开始做一些事情。

您当前的方法存在的问题是您直接在代码中定义了所有数据。每次要修改一些信息时，它都会强制您处理不那么友好的PHP语法。

正如其他答案清楚地表明的那样，你最终会得到一个非常难以理解且难以维护的代码（如果不是不可能的话）。
有40位左右的艺术家，阵列将是巨大的，找到或修改给定的信息将成为一场噩梦。

重点是从您的代码中解析数据。

正如我所看到的，诀窍是找到一个不需要大量PHP专业知识的解决方案，但仍然可以让您相对轻松地维护数据。
超级专业人士将使用数据库，但这需要大量投资来学习如何在PHP中处理这些繁琐的野兽。
我想我们可以在这里找到一个简单的文本文件。例如：

[artist]: Vasily Sitnikov

[picture]: Long Journey
year: 1982
media: Oil and tempera on plywood
dimentions: 10 30.5
availability: Sold

[artist]: Anatoly Slepishev

[picture]: Rider
year: 1990
media: Mixed media on paper
dimentions: 19.5 25.5
availability: Available
literature: 2011 Man’s Best Friends [...]

[picture]: Lakeside
year: 1991
media: Watercolor on paper
dimentions: 19.5 25.5
availability: Available
literature: 2011 Man’s Best Friends [...]

请注意，此“自制数据库”的一些字段与您的数组内容不同：

拇指和网址项目已消失，因为您可以自动计算
尺寸被简化为仅保留定义的可变部分（即原始宽度和高度，而不是整个“W：xx H xx in。”字符串）。
我们将生成一个“pretty_dimensions”字段，该字段将保存完整的可显示字符串。
标签指定数据块的开头（基本上你需要一个艺术家数组，每个都包含一个图片数组）
个别位或信息由名称后跟:（年份，维度等）表示。

现在我们需要一些代码来读取此文件并将其转换为原始数组的等效代码。我们还需要将数据库的当前状态写回磁盘。

这是一个有效的例子：

<?php

// -------------------
// Database parameters
// -------------------

// database default name
define ('DATABASE_NAME', "database.txt");

// database save directory
define ('SAVE_DIR', "save/");

// site root
define ('BASE_URL', "http://...."); // <-- *** PUT THE PROPER URL HERE


// ------------------------------
// main database reading function
// ------------------------------
function read_database ($filename = DATABASE_NAME)
{
    // list of properties that must be defined for each picture
    $mandatory_data = array (
        'year', 'dimentions', 'media', 'availability');
    // list of valid properties
    $allowed_data = array_merge ($mandatory_data, array (
        'literature'));

    // read the whole file into a string
    $file = file_get_contents ($filename);

    // split the file into lines
    $lines = explode ("\n", $file);

    // analyze each line
    $a = null; // current artist
    $p = null; // current picture
    $l = 0;    // current line number
    foreach ($lines as $line)
    {
        // keep track of line number for error reporting
        $l++;

        // eliminate trailing spaces and skip empty lines
        $line = trim ($line);
        if ($line == '') continue;

        // get the line type and value
        list ($type, $value) = explode (':', $line, 2);
        if ($value == null) panic ($line, "missing ':' delimiter");

        // decode the type
        $type = trim($type); // eliminate white spaces
        $value = trim($value);
        switch ($type)
        {
        case '[artist]':
            // create a new artist
            if (isset ($database[$value])) panic ($l, "artist '$value' defined more than once");
            $a = $value;
            $db[$a] = array();
            break;
        case '[picture]':
            // create a new picture for the current artist
            if ($a === null)         panic ($l, "picture defined before an artist was specified");
            if (isset ($db[$value])) panic ($l, "artist '$value' defined more than once");
            $p = $value;
            $db[$a][$p] = array();
            break;
        default:
            // all other values are simply stored as data
            // associated to the current picture of the current artist
            if ($a === null) panic ($l, "data defined before an artist was specified");
            if ($p === null) panic ($l, "data defined before a picture was specified");
            if (isset($db[$a][$p][$value])) panic ($l, "data '$type' defined more than once");
            $db[$a][$p][$type] = $value;
            break;
        }
    }

    // compute final data
    foreach ($db as $a => $pictures)
    {
        foreach ($pictures as $p => $picture)
        {
            // check mandatory data
            foreach ($mandatory_data as $data)
            {
                if (!isset ($picture[$data]))
                {
                    warning ($a,$p, "data '$data' not defined");
                    // set a dummy value to avoid errors in further processing
                    $picture[$data]="";
                }
            }

            // check allowed data
            foreach ($picture as $data => $value)
            {
                if (!in_array ($data, $allowed_data))
                {
                    warning ($a,$p, "invalid data name '$data'");
                }
            }

            // add picture name
            $picture['name'] = '"'.$p.'"';

            // compute pretty "dimentions" value
            @list ($w, $h, $extra) = explode (" ", $picture['dimentions']);
            if ($w == null || $h == null || $extra != null) warning ($a, $p, "invalid dimentions format");
            $picture['pretty_dimensions'] = "W: $w H: $h in.";

            // compute thumb and lg
            $uartist  = underscore_string ($a);
            $upicture = underscore_string ($p);
            $picture['thumb'] = BASE_URL . "artists/${uartist}/images/ldpi/Thumb_${uartist}_${upicture}.jpg";
            $picture['lg']    = BASE_URL . "artists/${uartist}/images/mdpi/Lg_${uartist}_${upicture}.jpg";

            // update current picture
            $db[$a][$p] = $picture;
        }
    }

    // done
    return $db;
}

function write_database ($db, $filename=DATABASE_NAME)
{
    // list of auto-computed properties
    $auto_data = array (
        'name', 'thumb', 'lg', 'pretty_dimensions');

    // make a safety copy of the current database state
    copy_to_safety ($filename);

    // compute new file contents
    $output = '';
    foreach ($db as $a => $pictures)
    {
        $output .= "[artist]:$a\n\n";
        foreach ($pictures as $p => $picture)
        {
            $output .= "[picture]:$p\n\n";
            foreach ($picture as $data => $value)
            {
                // skip auto-computed fields
                if (in_array ($data, $auto_data)) continue;

                $output .= "$data: $value\n";
            }
        }
    }

    // overwrite DB file with new contents
    file_put_contents ($filename, $output);
}

// copy a file to safety
function copy_to_safety ($filename)
{
    // nothing to do if there is no previous version
    if (!file_exists ($filename)) return;

    // create save directory if need be
    if (!file_exists(SAVE_DIR)) mkdir (SAVE_DIR, 0777, true);

    // copy the file
    $save_name = SAVE_DIR.$filename.date(" Y-M-d@H.i.s");
    file_put_contents ($save_name, file_get_contents ($filename));
}

// name computations
function underscore_string ($s)
{
    return str_replace (" ", "_", $s);
}

// error reporting
function panic ($line, $message)
{
    die ("FATAL ERROR in line <b>$line</b>: $message<br />");
}

function warning ($artist, $picture, $message)
{
    echo ("artist '$artist' picture '$picture': $message<br />");
}

// ----
// test
// ----

// display all sold pictures
function display_sold_pictures ($db)
{
    echo "<h1>sold pictures</h1>";
    echo "<table><tr><th>Artist</th><th>Picture</th><th>Year</th></tr>";
    foreach ($db as $a => $pictures)
        foreach ($pictures as $p => $picture)
        {
            if ($db[$a][$p]['availability'] != 'Sold') continue;
            echo "<tr><td>$a</td><td>$p</td><td>${picture['year']}</td></tr>";
        }
    echo "</table>";
}

// display sold pictures in the current DB
$db = read_database ();
display_sold_pictures ($db);

// mark every picture as sold
foreach ($db as $a => $pictures)
    foreach ($pictures as $p => $picture)
        $db[$a][$p]['availability'] = 'Sold';

// save the database
write_database ($db, "dummy.txt");

// display sold pictures in the modified DB
$db = read_database ("dummy.txt");
display_sold_pictures ($db);

?>

您可以从here

获取代码和示例数据库

我尽力保持代码简单且（希望）可读随意询问是否有不清楚的事情（wanadoo dot fr的kuroi dot neko）

虽然这是一段代码， 仍然只是一个例子 。

这样做的正确而有力的方法是使用本地数据库（通常是SQLite），而不是自己编写所有这些数据库处理代码。

但是，直接处理数据库访问可能是一项艰巨的任务。希望这些代码可以作为一个中间步骤，帮助您了解如何完成任务。

下一步是学习类和对象，这样你就可以将这些代码变成更令人愉快的代码。我设计它，以便将数据库访问代码转换为类应该相对简单。

从那里你可以尝试实现一个真正的数据库。但这不会在一天内完成:)。

Ятоженемношкорусскогоязыказнаю，есливамудобнее，ноотехническихпредметамлучшепо-англискийговорить：）

访问数组php中的特定数组

3 个答案: