我有一个 yec.c 文件,用于定义具有两个函数的结构:
#include <python2.7/Python.h>
struct mec
{
int age;
int number;
};
static PyObject* nopoint(PyObject* self, PyObject* args)
{
struct mec m;
int n1, n2;
if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "ii", &n1, &n2))
return NULL;
printf("nopoint(c) nombres: %d et %d!\n", n1, n2);
m.age = n1;
m.number = n2;
printf("nopoint(c) age nb: %d et %d!\n", m.age, m.number);
return Py_BuildValue("i", n1 + n2);
}
static PyObject* viapoint(PyObject* self, PyObject* args)
{
struct mec *m;
if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "o", &m))
return NULL;
printf("viapoint av(c) age nb: %d et %d!\n", m->age, m->number);
m->age = 10;
m->number = 1;
printf("viapoint ap(c) age nb: %d et %d!\n", m->age, m->number);
return Py_BuildValue("i", m->age + m->number);
}
static PyMethodDef MyYecMethods[] = {
{"nopoint", nopoint, METH_VARARGS, "Description de fune"},
{"viapoint", viapoint, METH_VARARGS, "Description de fdeux"},
{NULL, NULL, 0, NULL}
};
PyMODINIT_FUNC
inityec(void)
{
(void) Py_InitModule("yec", MyYecMethods);
}
我在以下 setup_yec.py 文件中使用python setup_yec.py build
命令将yec.c文件编译成yec.so:
from distutils.core import setup, Extension
module1 = Extension('yec', sources = ['yec.c'])
setup (name = 'YecPkg',
version = '1.0',
description = 'This is a demo of yec pkg',
ext_modules = [module1])
我可以在Python下使用我的编译库,而nopoint()函数可以工作:
import yec
yec.nopoint(3, 4)
我想使用第二个功能;我的库的viapoint()应该接受来自Python的结构指针,我在其中定义相关的ctypes.Structure:
from ctypes import *
class Mec(Structure):
_fields_ = [("age", c_int),
("number", c_int)]
m = Mec(1, 2)
print "py mec class", m.age, m.number
yec.viapoint(byref(m))
当然,它不起作用:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "testyec.py", line 18, in <module>
yec.viapoint(byref(m))
TypeError: must be impossible<bad format char>, not CArgObject
如果有人知道如何修改viapoint()函数以便能够通过PyArg_ParseTuple()解析结构指针以及如何在python中传递python结构指针(使用byref?),那将是一个很好的帮助。
感谢。
答案 0 :(得分:3)
您可以将Structure
解析为读写缓冲区("w#"
)。通过将其作为参数传递,您可以放心,它是一个引用的对象。它还确保传入的缓冲区是正确大小的可写内存。崩溃的Python是不可接受的。你应该在Python中获得异常。如果你有Python代码使解释器的段错误变得微不足道,那你就错了。
static PyObject* viapoint(PyObject* self, PyObject* args)
{
struct mec *m;
size_t size;
if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "w#", &m, &size))
return NULL;
if (size != sizeof(struct mec)) {
PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, "wrong buffer size");
return NULL;
}
printf("viapoint av(c) age nb: %d et %d!\n", m->age, m->number);
m->age = 10;
m->number = 1;
return Py_BuildValue("i", m->age + m->number);
}
的Python:
from ctypes import *
import yec
class Mec(Structure):
_fields_ = [
("age", c_int),
("number", c_int),
]
class Bad(Structure):
_fields_ = [
("age", c_int),
("number", c_int),
("extra", c_int),
]
m = Mec(1, 2)
print yec.viapoint(m)
# TypeError
b = Bad(1, 2, 3)
print yec.viapoint(b)
如果您只接受一个地址作为参数,您的函数可能会对无效指针进行段错误,或者只是返回垃圾或修改内存,这将使您稍后以一种难以理解的方式崩溃。此外,通过解析地址,您需要有条件地定义是否在预处理器中解析long
或long long
,具体取决于void *
与long
相比的大小。例如,在Win64上,long
为32位,解析指针为long
会截断它。最后,要求您首先在Python中调用addressof
的API是一种效率低下的方法。
答案 1 :(得分:2)
您需要使用Python脚本中的ctypes.addressof
,而不是ctypes.byref
(与C指针不同的对象),然后在yec.c
中解析输入值作为long
(或int
,如果在32位)并将其分配给“struct mec *”。
见下面一个工作示例:
#include <python2.7/Python.h>
struct mec
{
int age;
int number;
};
static PyObject* nopoint(PyObject* self, PyObject* args)
{
struct mec m;
int n1, n2;
if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "ii", &n1, &n2))
return NULL;
printf("nopoint(c) nombres: %d et %d!\n", n1, n2);
m.age = n1;
m.number = n2;
printf("nopoint(c) age nb: %d et %d!\n", m.age, m.number);
return Py_BuildValue("i", n1 + n2);
}
static PyObject* viapoint(PyObject* self, PyObject* args)
{
struct mec *m;
if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "l", &m))
return NULL;
printf("viapoint av(c) age nb: %d et %d!\n", m->age, m->number);
m->age = 10;
m->number = 1;
printf("viapoint ap(c) age nb: %d et %d!\n", m->age, m->number);
return Py_BuildValue("i", m->age + m->number);
}
static PyMethodDef MyYecMethods[] = {
{"nopoint", nopoint, METH_VARARGS, "Description de fune"},
{"viapoint", viapoint, METH_VARARGS, "Description de fdeux"},
{NULL, NULL, 0, NULL}
};
PyMODINIT_FUNC
inityec(void)
{
(void) Py_InitModule("yec", MyYecMethods);
}
并在Python中:
from ctypes import *
import yec
class Mec(Structure):
_fields_ = [
("age", c_int),
("number", c_int)]
m = Mec(1, 2)
print "py mec class", m.age, m.number
yec.viapoint(addressof(m))
运行它,我得到:
> python run.py
py mec class 1 2
viapoint av(c) age nb: 1 et 2!
viapoint ap(c) age nb: 10 et 1!