这是我第一次设置别名，并找到了几个如何使用它的示例，但出于某种原因，我仍然不能100％确信语法应该如何工作。今天我一直在花费大部分时间寻找一个具体的例子，但没有运气。哈哈，我想我真的需要一手抓住这个。以下是我为读者发现的一些示例：
httpd.apache.org/docs/2.2/urlmapping.html
net.tutsplus.com/tutorials/apache-aliasing-and-redirection /
serverfault.com/questions/362040/accessing-directories-outside-of-documentroot
这是我的情况： 首先，我正在使用的远程服务器的Web根目录是：
'/data1/home/spaceweather/htdoc'
我要链接到此位置的数据文件存档：
'/data1/public'
我有大约20,000个文本文件，最终将由公众通过我正在开发的网站进行搜索。包含所有文件的目录结构如下所示：
data1/
/public/
/cases/
/grid108/
<here there are folders, one for every day of the year>
<which contains the text files>
/grid112/
<here there are folders, one for every day of the year>
<which contains the text files>
/grid180/
<here there are folders, one for every day of the year>
<which contains the text files>
一个示例路径一直到单个文本文件看起来像这样：
'/data1/public/cases/grid108/144/txt/channel_dataout_2013_144_0000.log'
上面的路径肯定在我的web根文件夹之外，所以这就是为什么我认为别名是最好的选择。在线指南提到要创建别名，我需要修改我的.htaccess文件。所以我继续找到我的.htaccess文件（代码如下所示）。你会注意到Drupal在下面的代码中散布的字样，这是因为我正在制作的网站是由Drupal提供的。
我的.htaccess文件：
#
# Apache/PHP/Drupal settings:
#
# Protect files and directories from prying eyes.
<FilesMatch "\.(engine|inc|info|install|make|module|profile|test|po|sh|.*sql|theme|tpl(\.php)?|xtmpl)(~|\.sw[op]|\.bak|\.orig|\.save)?$|^(\..*|Entries.*|Repository|Root|Tag|Template)$|^#.*#$|\.php(~|\.sw[op]|\.bak|\.orig\.save)$">
Order allow,deny
</FilesMatch>
# Don't show directory listings for URLs which map to a directory.
Options -Indexes
# Follow symbolic links in this directory.
Options +FollowSymLinks
# Make Drupal handle any 404 errors.
ErrorDocument 404 /index.php
# Set the default handler.
DirectoryIndex index.php index.html index.htm
# Override PHP settings that cannot be changed at runtime. See
# sites/default/default.settings.php and drupal_environment_initialize() in
# includes/bootstrap.inc for settings that can be changed at runtime.
# PHP 5, Apache 1 and 2.
<IfModule mod_php5.c>
php_flag magic_quotes_gpc off
php_flag magic_quotes_sybase off
php_flag register_globals off
php_flag session.auto_start off
php_value mbstring.http_input pass
php_value mbstring.http_output pass
php_flag mbstring.encoding_translation off
</IfModule>
# Requires mod_expires to be enabled.
<IfModule mod_expires.c>
# Enable expirations.
ExpiresActive On
# Cache all files for 2 weeks after access (A).
ExpiresDefault A1209600
<FilesMatch \.php$>
# Do not allow PHP scripts to be cached unless they explicitly send cache
# headers themselves. Otherwise all scripts would have to overwrite the
# headers set by mod_expires if they want another caching behavior. This may
# fail if an error occurs early in the bootstrap process, and it may cause
# problems if a non-Drupal PHP file is installed in a subdirectory.
ExpiresActive Off
</FilesMatch>
</IfModule>
# Various rewrite rules.
<IfModule mod_rewrite.c>
RewriteEngine on
# Set "protossl" to "s" if we were accessed via https://. This is used later
# if you enable "www." stripping or enforcement, in order to ensure that
# you don't bounce between http and https.
RewriteRule ^ - [E=protossl]
RewriteCond %{HTTPS} on
RewriteRule ^ - [E=protossl:s]
# Make sure Authorization HTTP header is available to PHP
# even when running as CGI or FastCGI.
RewriteRule ^ - [E=HTTP_AUTHORIZATION:%{HTTP:Authorization}]
# Block access to "hidden" directories whose names begin with a period. This
# includes directories used by version control systems such as Subversion or
# Git to store control files. Files whose names begin with a period, as well
# as the control files used by CVS, are protected by the FilesMatch directive
# above.
#
# NOTE: This only works when mod_rewrite is loaded. Without mod_rewrite, it is
# not possible to block access to entire directories from .htaccess, because
# <DirectoryMatch> is not allowed here.
#
# If you do not have mod_rewrite installed, you should remove these
# directories from your webroot or otherwise protect them from being
# downloaded.
RewriteRule "(^|/)\." - [F]
# If your site can be accessed both with and without the 'www.' prefix, you
# can use one of the following settings to redirect users to your preferred
# URL, either WITH or WITHOUT the 'www.' prefix. Choose ONLY one option:
#
# To redirect all users to access the site WITH the 'www.' prefix,
# (http://example.com/... will be redirected to http://www.example.com/...)
# uncomment the following:
# RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} .
# RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} !^www\. [NC]
# RewriteRule ^ http%{ENV:protossl}://www.%{HTTP_HOST}%{REQUEST_URI} [L,R=301]
#
# To redirect all users to access the site WITHOUT the 'www.' prefix,
# (http://www.example.com/... will be redirected to http://example.com/...)
# uncomment the following:
# RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^www\.(.+)$ [NC]
# RewriteRule ^ http%{ENV:protossl}://%1%{REQUEST_URI} [L,R=301]
# Modify the RewriteBase if you are using Drupal in a subdirectory or in a
# VirtualDocumentRoot and the rewrite rules are not working properly.
# For example if your site is at http://example.com/drupal uncomment and
# modify the following line:
# RewriteBase /drupal
#
# If your site is running in a VirtualDocumentRoot at http://example.com/,
# uncomment the following line:
# RewriteBase /
# Pass all requests not referring directly to files in the filesystem to
# index.php. Clean URLs are handled in drupal_environment_initialize().
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} !=/favicon.ico
RewriteRule ^ index.php [L]
# Rules to correctly serve gzip compressed CSS and JS files.
# Requires both mod_rewrite and mod_headers to be enabled.
<IfModule mod_headers.c>
# Serve gzip compressed CSS files if they exist and the client accepts gzip.
RewriteCond %{HTTP:Accept-encoding} gzip
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME}\.gz -s
RewriteRule ^(.*)\.css $1\.css\.gz [QSA]
# Serve gzip compressed JS files if they exist and the client accepts gzip.
RewriteCond %{HTTP:Accept-encoding} gzip
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME}\.gz -s
RewriteRule ^(.*)\.js $1\.js\.gz [QSA]
# Serve correct content types, and prevent mod_deflate double gzip.
RewriteRule \.css\.gz$ - [T=text/css,E=no-gzip:1]
RewriteRule \.js\.gz$ - [T=text/javascript,E=no-gzip:1]
<FilesMatch "(\.js\.gz|\.css\.gz)$">
# Serve correct encoding type.
Header set Content-Encoding gzip
# Force proxies to cache gzipped & non-gzipped css/js files separately.
Header append Vary Accept-Encoding
</FilesMatch>
</IfModule>
</IfModule>
现在是我迷失的部分。这是我假设将起作用的。如果我从上述文件中的最后一行代码开始并放入Alias /cases/data/ "/data1/public/cases/"，则会重定向该网址：
apollo.tbc.iit.edu/~spaceweather/cases/data/grid108/144/txt/channel_dataout_2013_144_0000.log
到
apollo.tbc.iit.edu/~spaceweather/data1/public/cases/grid108/144/txt/channel_dataout_2013_144_0000.log
这就是为什么这种方法对我没有意义。这段代码如何告诉Web服务器在Web根目录之外传递文件？如何获得如下所示的网址：
apollo.tbc.iit.edu/~spaceweather/data/cases/grid108/144/txt/channel_dataout_2013_144_0000.log
将用户带到位于以下位置的文件：
/data1/public/cases/grid108/144/txt/channel_dataout_2013_144_0000.log
当我将此文件放入我的htdocs文件夹并将浏览器指向apollo.tbc.iit.edu/~spaceweather/channel_dataout_2013_144_0000.log时，它会按预期在浏览器中显示该文件。
http://apollo.tbc.iit.edu/~spaceweather网站是实时的，可供任何将浏览器指向它的人查看。因此，上面段落中的链接也可以正常工作，并将文件显示给世界。
感谢您的帮助，请保持温和。
- ZealotSveta
答案 0 :(得分：0)
我认为你可能会让事情变得过于复杂。
据我所知，您需要从docroot到数据文件夹的符号链接。
使用以下命令创建一个：
mkdir -p /data1/home/spaceweather/htdoc/cases #just in case it does not exist
ln -s /data1/public/cases /data1/home/spaceweather/htdoc/cases/data
这将创建一个名为“data”的符号链接，它将指向您的/ data1 / public / cases目录。
如果您在该目录中ls -l，您应该会看到类似
data -> /data1/public/cases
尝试cd进入data目录以验证其是否有效。
这对你来说不是必需的，因为你已经在你的.htaccess中了，但无论如何都把它留给其他人：
如果首先无法通过网络浏览器进行操作，则可能需要将FollowSymLinks添加到您的htaccess：Options +FollowSymLinks。这告诉Apache可以使用你创建的符号链接。
希望这会有所帮助。如果我误解了您的情况或要求，请说出来，我会进行适当的编辑。