我正在尝试将JSON字符串反序列化为具体类,该类继承自抽象类,但我无法使其正常工作。我用Google搜索并尝试了一些解决方案,但它们似乎也没有用。
这就是我现在所拥有的:
abstract class AbstractClass { }
class ConcreteClass { }
public AbstractClass Decode(string jsonString)
{
JsonSerializerSettings jss = new JsonSerializerSettings();
jss.TypeNameHandling = TypeNameHandling.All;
return (AbstractClass)JsonConvert.DeserializeObject(jsonString, null, jss);
}
但是,如果我尝试投射生成的对象,它就不起作用。
我不使用DeserializeObject的原因是我有许多具体类。
有什么建议吗?
答案 0 :(得分:47)
有些人可能不想使用TypeNameHandling(因为需要更紧凑的json或者想要为“$ type”以外的类型变量使用特定名称)。同时,如果想要将基类反序列化为多个派生类中的任何一个而不知道提前使用哪一个,customerCreationConverter approach将不起作用。
另一种方法是在基类中使用int或其他类型并定义JsonConverter。
[JsonConverter(typeof(BaseConverter))]
abstract class Base
{
public int ObjType { get; set; }
public int Id { get; set; }
}
class DerivedType1 : Base
{
public string Foo { get; set; }
}
class DerivedType2 : Base
{
public string Bar { get; set; }
}
然后,基类的JsonConverter可以根据其类型反序列化对象。复杂的是,为避免堆栈溢出(JsonConverter重复调用自身),在反序列化过程中必须使用自定义合约解析器。
public class BaseSpecifiedConcreteClassConverter : DefaultContractResolver
{
protected override JsonConverter ResolveContractConverter(Type objectType)
{
if (typeof(Base).IsAssignableFrom(objectType) && !objectType.IsAbstract)
return null; // pretend TableSortRuleConvert is not specified (thus avoiding a stack overflow)
return base.ResolveContractConverter(objectType);
}
}
public class BaseConverter : JsonConverter
{
static JsonSerializerSettings SpecifiedSubclassConversion = new JsonSerializerSettings() { ContractResolver = new BaseSpecifiedConcreteClassConverter() };
public override bool CanConvert(Type objectType)
{
return (objectType == typeof(Base));
}
public override object ReadJson(JsonReader reader, Type objectType, object existingValue, JsonSerializer serializer)
{
JObject jo = JObject.Load(reader);
switch (jo["ObjType"].Value<int>())
{
case 1:
return JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<DerivedType1>(jo.ToString(), SpecifiedSubclassConversion);
case 2:
return JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<DerivedType2>(jo.ToString(), SpecifiedSubclassConversion);
default:
throw new Exception();
}
throw new NotImplementedException();
}
public override bool CanWrite
{
get { return false; }
}
public override void WriteJson(JsonWriter writer, object value, JsonSerializer serializer)
{
throw new NotImplementedException(); // won't be called because CanWrite returns false
}
}
就是这样。现在,您可以使用序列化/反序列化任何派生类。您还可以在其他类中使用基类,并对其进行序列化/反序列化,而无需任何额外的工作:
class Holder
{
public List<Base> Objects { get; set; }
}
string json = @"
[
{
""Objects"" :
[
{ ""ObjType"": 1, ""Id"" : 1, ""Foo"" : ""One"" },
{ ""ObjType"": 1, ""Id"" : 2, ""Foo"" : ""Two"" },
]
},
{
""Objects"" :
[
{ ""ObjType"": 2, ""Id"" : 3, ""Bar"" : ""Three"" },
{ ""ObjType"": 2, ""Id"" : 4, ""Bar"" : ""Four"" },
]
},
]";
List<Holder> list = JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<List<Holder>>(json);
string serializedAgain = JsonConvert.SerializeObject(list);
Debug.WriteLine(serializedAgain);
答案 1 :(得分:20)
尝试这样的事情
public AbstractClass Decode(string jsonString)
{
var jss = new JavaScriptSerializer();
return jss.Deserialize<ConcreteClass>(jsonString);
}
<强>更新强>
对于这种情况,可以根据需要选择所有工作
public abstract class Base
{
public abstract int GetInt();
}
public class Der:Base
{
int g = 5;
public override int GetInt()
{
return g+2;
}
}
public class Der2 : Base
{
int i = 10;
public override int GetInt()
{
return i+17;
}
}
....
var jset = new JsonSerializerSettings() { TypeNameHandling = TypeNameHandling.All };
Base b = new Der()
string json = JsonConvert.SerializeObject(b, jset);
....
Base c = (Base)JsonConvert.DeserializeObject(json, jset);
其中c
类型为test.Base {test.Der}
<强>更新强>
@Gusman建议使用TypeNameHandling.Objects
代替TypeNameHandling.All
。这就足够了,它会产生一个不那么详细的序列化。
答案 2 :(得分:8)
我建议以下列方式使用CustomCreationConverter:
public enum ClassDiscriminatorEnum
{
ChildClass1,
ChildClass2
}
public abstract class BaseClass
{
public abstract ClassDiscriminatorEnum Type { get; }
}
public class Child1 : BaseClass
{
public override ClassDiscriminatorEnum Type => ClassDiscriminatorEnum.ChildClass1;
public int ExtraProperty1 { get; set; }
}
public class Child2 : BaseClass
{
public override ClassDiscriminatorEnum Type => ClassDiscriminatorEnum.ChildClass2;
}
public class BaseClassConverter : CustomCreationConverter<BaseClass>
{
private ClassDiscriminatorEnum _currentObjectType;
public override object ReadJson(JsonReader reader, Type objectType, object existingValue, JsonSerializer serializer)
{
var jobj = JObject.ReadFrom(reader);
_currentObjectType = jobj["Type"].ToObject<ClassDiscriminatorEnum>();
return base.ReadJson(jobj.CreateReader(), objectType, existingValue, serializer);
}
public override BaseClass Create(Type objectType)
{
switch (_currentObjectType)
{
case ClassDiscriminatorEnum.ChildClass1:
return new Child1();
case ClassDiscriminatorEnum.ChildClass2:
return new Child2();
default:
throw new NotImplementedException();
}
}
}
答案 3 :(得分:3)
public class CustomConverter : JsonConverter
{
private static readonly JsonSerializer Serializer = new JsonSerializer();
public override void WriteJson(JsonWriter writer, object value, JsonSerializer serializer)
{
}
public override object ReadJson(JsonReader reader, Type objectType, object existingValue, JsonSerializer serializer)
{
var jObject = JObject.Load(reader);
var typeString = jObject.Value<string>("Kind"); //Kind is a property in json , from which we know type of child classes
var requiredType = RecoverType(typeString);
return Serializer.Deserialize(jObject.CreateReader(), requiredType);
}
private Type RecoverType(string typeString)
{
if (typeString.Equals(type of child class1, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
return typeof(childclass1);
if (typeString.Equals(type of child class2, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
return typeof(childclass2);
throw new ArgumentException("Unrecognized type");
}
public override bool CanConvert(Type objectType)
{
return typeof(Base class).IsAssignableFrom(objectType) || typeof((Base class) == objectType;
}
public override bool CanWrite { get { return false; } }
}
现在将此转换器添加到JsonSerializerSettings中,如下所示
var jsonSerializerSettings = new JsonSerializerSettings();
jsonSerializerSettings.Converters.Add(new Newtonsoft.Json.Converters.StringEnumConverter());
jsonSerializerSettings.Converters.Add(new CustomConverter());
添加序列化或反序列化基类对象后,如下所示
JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<Type>("json string", jsonSerializerSettings );
答案 4 :(得分:1)
实际上,正如更新中所述,最简单的方法(在2019年)是使用简单的自定义预定义JsonSerializerSettings,如here
所述 string jsonTypeNameAll = JsonConvert.SerializeObject(priceModels, Formatting.Indented,new JsonSerializerSettings
{
TypeNameHandling = TypeNameHandling.All
});
用于反序列化:
TDSPriceModels models = JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<TDSPriceModels>(File.ReadAllText(jsonPath), new JsonSerializerSettings
{
TypeNameHandling = TypeNameHandling.All
});
答案 5 :(得分:0)
我有一个类似的问题,我用另一种方法解决了这个问题,也许这对某人有帮助: 我有一个json,其中包含几个始终相同的字段,除了一个称为“数据”的字段,每次都可以是不同类型的类。 我想对它进行反序列化而无需分析每个特定的文件。 我的解决方案是: 要使用定义主类(使用“数据”字段),则数据字段的类型为T。 每当我反序列化时,我都会指定类型:
MainClass:
public class MainClass<T>
{
[JsonProperty("status")]
public Statuses Status { get; set; }
[JsonProperty("description")]
public string Description { get; set; }
[JsonProperty("data")]
public T Data { get; set; }
public static MainClass<T> Parse(string mainClsTxt)
{
var response = JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<MainClass<T>>(mainClsTxt);
return response;
}
}
用户
public class User
{
[JsonProperty("id")]
public int UserId { get; set; }
[JsonProperty("first_name")]
public string FirstName { get; set; }
[JsonProperty("last_name")]
public string LastName { get; set; }
}
产品
public class Product
{
[JsonProperty("product_id")]
public int ProductId { get; set; }
[JsonProperty("product_name")]
public string ProductName { get; set; }
[JsonProperty("stock")]
public int Stock { get; set; }
}
使用
var v = MainClass<User>.Parse(userJson);
var v2 = MainClass<Product>.Parse(productJson);
json示例
userJson: "{"status":1,"description":"my description","data":{"id":12161347,"first_name":"my fname","last_name":"my lname"}}"
productJson: "{"status":1,"description":"my description","data":{"product_id":5,"product_name":"my product","stock":1000}}"
答案 6 :(得分:0)
public abstract class JsonCreationConverter<T> : JsonConverter
{
protected abstract T Create(Type objectType, JObject jObject);
public override bool CanConvert(Type objectType)
{
return typeof(T) == objectType;
}
public override object ReadJson(JsonReader reader,Type objectType,
object existingValue, JsonSerializer serializer)
{
try
{
var jObject = JObject.Load(reader);
var target = Create(objectType, jObject);
serializer.Populate(jObject.CreateReader(), target);
return target;
}
catch (JsonReaderException)
{
return null;
}
}
public override void WriteJson(JsonWriter writer, object value,
JsonSerializer serializer)
{
throw new NotImplementedException();
}
}
现在实现此接口
public class SportActivityConverter : JsonCreationConverter<BaseSportActivity>
{
protected override BaseSportActivity Create(Type objectType, JObject jObject)
{
BaseSportActivity result = null;
try
{
switch ((ESportActivityType)jObject["activityType"].Value<int>())
{
case ESportActivityType.Football:
result = jObject.ToObject<FootballActivity>();
break;
case ESportActivityType.Basketball:
result = jObject.ToObject<BasketballActivity>();
break;
}
}
catch(Exception ex)
{
Debug.WriteLine(ex);
}
return result;
}
}