我刚刚安装了适用于Windows的Visual Studio 2013（这是Windows应用商店的版本）。
然后，我在DirectX for Windows Store上的MSDN上阅读了非常有帮助的tutorial。
它提供如下说明：单击新项目。单击DirectX App。它应该编译并运行。
没有。相反，我收到以下错误：
1>------ Build started: Project: Sequence, Configuration: Debug Win32 ------
1> pch.cpp
1>c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio 12.0\vc\include\xmemory0(1): error C2018: unknown character '0x8'
1>c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio 12.0\vc\include\xmemory0(1): error C2018: unknown character '0x15'
1>c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio 12.0\vc\include\xmemory0(2): error C2018: unknown character '0x1'
1>c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio 12.0\vc\include\xmemory0(2): error C2146: syntax error : missing ';' before identifier '‘×ÿ'
1>c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio 12.0\vc\include\xmemory0(2): error C4430: missing type specifier - int assumed. Note: C++ does not support default-int
1>c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio 12.0\vc\include\xmemory0(2): error C2018: unknown character '0x5'
1>c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio 12.0\vc\include\xmemory0(2): error C2146: syntax error : missing ';' before identifier 'H‹'
1>c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio 12.0\vc\include\xmemory0(2): error C2143: syntax error : missing ';' before '|'
1>c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio 12.0\vc\include\xmemory0(2): error C3872: '0x24': this character is not allowed in an identifier
1>c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio 12.0\vc\include\xmemory0(2): error C2018: unknown character '0x15'
1>c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio 12.0\vc\include\xmemory0(2): error C2018: unknown character '0x40'
1>c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio 12.0\vc\include\xmemory0(2): error C2018: unknown character '0x60'
1>c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio 12.0\vc\include\xmemory0(2): error C2143: syntax error : missing ')' before ';'
1>c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio 12.0\vc\include\xmemory0(2): error C2146: syntax error : missing ';' before identifier 'L‹L$'
1>c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio 12.0\vc\include\xmemory0(2): error C2146: syntax error : missing ';' before identifier 'L‹D$HH‹T$P3Éÿ'
1>c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio 12.0\vc\include\xmemory0(2): error C2146: syntax error : missing ';' before identifier ''
1>c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio 12.0\vc\include\xmemory0(2): error C2014: preprocessor command must start as first nonwhite space
1>c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio 12.0\vc\include\xmemory0(2): error C2146: syntax error : missing ';' before identifier 'ë'
1>c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio 12.0\vc\include\xmemory0(2): error C2018: unknown character '0x4'
1>c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio 12.0\vc\include\xmemory0(2): error C2146: syntax error : missing ';' before identifier 'H‹H‰'
1>c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio 12.0\vc\include\xmemory0(2): error C2146: syntax error : missing ';' before identifier 'ØH‹'
1>c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio 12.0\vc\include\xmemory0(2): error C2018: unknown character '0x8'
1>c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio 12.0\vc\include\xmemory0(2): error C2146: syntax error : missing ';' before identifier '×HƒÀ'
1>c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio 12.0\vc\include\xmemory0(2): error C2146: syntax error : missing ';' before identifier 'H‰'
1>c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio 12.0\vc\include\xmemory0(2): error C2146: syntax error : missing ';' before identifier '’×H‹'
1>c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio 12.0\vc\include\xmemory0(2): error C2017: illegal escape sequence
1>c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio 12.0\vc\include\xmemory0(2): error C2146: syntax error : missing ';' before identifier 'ë×H‰'
1>c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio 12.0\vc\include\xmemory0(2): error C2146: syntax error : missing ';' before identifier 'ÖH‹„$H‰'
1>c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio 12.0\vc\include\xmemory0(2): error C2143: syntax error : missing ';' before ']'
1>c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio 12.0\vc\include\xmemory0(2): error C2018: unknown character '0x3'
1>c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio 12.0\vc\include\xmemory0(2): error C3872: '0x4': this character is not allowed in an identifier
1>c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio 12.0\vc\include\xmemory0(2): error C2018: unknown character '0x2'
1>c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio 12.0\vc\include\xmemory0(2): error C2018: unknown character '0x17'
1>c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio 12.0\vc\include\xmemory0(2): error C2018: unknown character '0x14'
1>c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio 12.0\vc\include\xmemory0(2): error C2018: unknown character '0x1f'
1>c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio 12.0\vc\include\xmemory0(2): error C2001: newline in constant
1>c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio 12.0\vc\include\xmemory0(3): error C2018: unknown character '0x8'
1>c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio 12.0\vc\include\xmemory0(3): error C2018: unknown character '0x3'
1>c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio 12.0\vc\include\xmemory0(3): error C2143: syntax error : missing ')' before ';'
1>c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio 12.0\vc\include\xmemory0(3): error C2018: unknown character '0xe'
1>c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio 12.0\vc\include\xmemory0(3): error C2146: syntax error : missing ';' before identifier 'AÿÁHƒÀ'
1>c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio 12.0\vc\include\xmemory0(3): error C4430: missing type specifier - int assumed. Note: C++ does not support default-int
1>c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio 12.0\vc\include\xmemory0(3): error C2065: 'E' : undeclared identifier
1>c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio 12.0\vc\include\xmemory0(3): error C2017: illegal escape sequence
1>c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio 12.0\vc\include\xmemory0(3): error C2146: syntax error : missing ';' before identifier '$'
1>c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio 12.0\vc\include\xmemory0(3): error C2146: syntax error : missing ';' before identifier 'WHē'
1>c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio 12.0\vc\include\xmemory0(3): error C2146: syntax error : missing ';' before identifier 'H‹ÙH'
1>c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio 12.0\vc\include\xmemory0(3): warning C4129: '$' : unrecognized character escape sequence
1>c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio 12.0\vc\include\xmemory0(3): error C2001: newline in constant
1>c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio 12.0\vc\include\xmemory0(3): error C2065: 'àþÿH‹ÏèD…Àt' : undeclared identifier
1>c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio 12.0\vc\include\xmemory0(3): error C2143: syntax error : missing ';' before 'string'
1>c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio 12.0\vc\include\xmemory0(4): error C2018: unknown character '0x40'
1>c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio 12.0\vc\include\xmemory0(4): error C2018: unknown character '0x1'
1>c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio 12.0\vc\include\xmemory0(5): error C2018: unknown character '0x5'
1>c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio 12.0\vc\include\xmemory0(5): error C2018: unknown character '0x40'
1>c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio 12.0\vc\include\xmemory0(5): error C2018: unknown character '0x8'
1>c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio 12.0\vc\include\xmemory0(5): error C2018: unknown character '0x1'
1>c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio 12.0\vc\include\xmemory0(5): error C2018: unknown character '0xf'
1>c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio 12.0\vc\include\xmemory0(5): error C2143: syntax error : missing ')' before ';'
1>c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio 12.0\vc\include\xmemory0(5): error C2146: syntax error : missing ';' before identifier 'ÈÈH…Ét'
1>c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio 12.0\vc\include\xmemory0(5): error C4430: missing type specifier - int assumed. Note: C++ does not support default-int
1>c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio 12.0\vc\include\xmemory0(5): error C2086: 'int H‹' : redefinition
1> c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio 12.0\vc\include\xmemory0(2) : see declaration of 'H‹'
1>c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio 12.0\vc\include\xmemory0(5): error C2146: syntax error : missing ';' before identifier 'è–ðÿÿHƒ'
1>c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio 12.0\vc\include\xmemory0(5): error C2143: syntax error : missing ';' before '%'
1>c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio 12.0\vc\include\xmemory0(5): error C3699: '%' : cannot use this indirection on type 'int'
1>c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio 12.0\vc\include\xmemory0(5): error C2530: '¶Èƒ' : references must be initialized
1>c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio 12.0\vc\include\xmemory0(5): error C2530: '·Èƒ' : references must be initialized
1>c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio 12.0\vc\include\xmemory0(5): error C2018: unknown character '0x15'
1>c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio 12.0\vc\include\xmemory0(5): error C2146: syntax error : missing ';' before identifier 'qÈÿ'
1>c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio 12.0\vc\include\xmemory0(5): error C2530: '´ÈH' : references must be initialized
1>c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio 12.0\vc\include\xmemory0(5): error C2146: syntax error : missing ';' before identifier 'ãùƒ'
1>c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio 12.0\vc\include\xmemory0(5): error C2017: illegal escape sequence
1>c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio 12.0\vc\include\xmemory0(5): error C2146: syntax error : missing ';' before identifier 'ÈH…Ét'
1>c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio 12.0\vc\include\xmemory0(5): error C2530: 'ÈH‹' : references must be initialized
1>c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio 12.0\vc\include\xmemory0(5): error C2146: syntax error : missing ';' before identifier 'è'
1>c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio 12.0\vc\include\xmemory0(5): error C2065: 'ðÿÿHƒ' : undeclared identifier
1>c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio 12.0\vc\include\xmemory0(5): error C2059: syntax error : '{'
1>c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio 12.0\vc\include\xmemory0(5): error C2143: syntax error : missing ';' before '{'
1>c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio 12.0\vc\include\xmemory0(5): error C2447: '{' : missing function header (old-style formal list?)
1>c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio 12.0\vc\include\xmemory0(5): error C2018: unknown character '0x2'
1>c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio 12.0\vc\include\xmemory0(5): error C2018: unknown character '0x10'
1>c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio 12.0\vc\include\xmemory0(5): error C2018: unknown character '0x3'
1>c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio 12.0\vc\include\xmemory0(5): error C3872: '0x24': this character is not allowed in an identifier
1>c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio 12.0\vc\include\xmemory0(5): error C2018: unknown character '0x16'
1>c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio 12.0\vc\include\xmemory0(5): error C2018: unknown character '0x17'
1>c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio 12.0\vc\include\xmemory0(5): error C3872: '0x4': this character is not allowed in an identifier
1>c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio 12.0\vc\include\xmemory0(5): error C2015: too many characters in constant
1>c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio 12.0\vc\include\xmemory0(5): error C2018: unknown character '0x18'
1>c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio 12.0\vc\include\xmemory0(5): error C2018: unknown character '0x1c'
1>c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio 12.0\vc\include\xmemory0(5): error C2018: unknown character '0x11'
1>c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio 12.0\vc\include\xmemory0(5): error C2018: unknown character '0x6'
1>c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio 12.0\vc\include\xmemory0(5): error C2018: unknown character '0x13'
1>c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio 12.0\vc\include\xmemory0(5): error C2018: unknown character '0x7f'
1>c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio 12.0\vc\include\xmemory0(5): error C2018: unknown character '0x12'
1>c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio 12.0\vc\include\xmemory0(5): error C2014: preprocessor command must start as first nonwhite space
1>c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio 12.0\vc\include\xmemory0(5): fatal error C1004: unexpected end-of-file found
========== Build: 0 succeeded, 1 failed, 0 up-to-date, 0 skipped ==========
========== Deploy: 0 succeeded, 0 failed, 0 skipped ==========
显然我的互联网搜索没有任何结果。对不起，我之前从未使用过DirectX，我只是希望开始使用该示例，所以我没有任何关于如何调试这些错误的背景知识。它们听起来甚至与DirectX无关。
这可能重要也可能不重要。我之前遇到过DirectX（不用于开发）的许多问题。我拥有的一些游戏无法启动，抱怨DirectX做错了什么。每当我尝试运行DirectX运行时独立安装程序时，我都会收到消息：“此版本的DirectX与当前安装的Windows版本不兼容。”我不知道这是否相关。 （而且这是另外一件事，我花了很多时间来修复，找不到任何信息，但那是一个完全不同的故事。）
我运行Windows 8.1（最初是Windows 8，我正常更新。）DXDiag说我有DirectX 11。
这非常令人沮丧，因为当代码不起作用时，我认为这是我的错。当我的编译器得到良好的代码并且它不起作用时，我感到沮丧。谢谢你的帮助。
编辑：感谢@Drop，指出xmemory0明显损坏的性质（与该文件夹中其他文件的明文形成鲜明对比，这个文件看起来像核熔化）。所以，如果你们中的任何一个人可以简单地将他们的xmemory0复制并粘贴到答案中，（为了省去重新安装的麻烦），我会很高兴的。谢谢！编辑2：好的，看起来确实存在许多损坏的文件并重新安装VS for Desktop并且Windows Store没有做任何修复它们。我尝试从VS 2012复制文件，但那些也会出错，这次与损坏的文件无关。所以我现在要求的是一个压缩包含目录（C：\ Program Files（x86）\ Microsoft Visual Studio 12.0 \ VC \ include）。谢谢！