Question

我开始使用angularJS开发一个web应用程序，我不确定一切是否正确安全（客户端和服务器端）。安全性基于单个登录页面，如果检查完凭证，我的服务器会发回一个具有自定义时间有效性的唯一令牌。所有其他REST api都可以通过此令牌访问。应用程序（客户端）浏览到我的入口点ex：https://www.example.com/home.html用户插入凭据并接收回一个唯一令牌。此唯一令牌使用AES或其他安全技术存储在服务器数据库中，不以明文格式存储。

从现在开始，我的AngluarJS应用程序将使用此令牌对所有暴露的REST Api进行身份验证。

我正在考虑将令牌临时存储在自定义的http cookie中;基本上，当服务器验证凭据时，它会发回一个新的Cookie Ex。

app-token : AIXOLQRYIlWTXOLQRYI3XOLQXOLQRYIRYIFD0T

Cookie设置了secure和HTTP Only标记。 Http协议直接管理新cookie并存储它。连续请求将使用新参数呈现cookie，而无需管理它并使用javascript存储它;在每次请求时，服务器使令牌无效并生成一个新令牌并将其发送回客户端 - ＆gt;使用单个令牌阻止重放攻击。

当客户端从任何REST Api收到HTTP状态 401未经授权的响应时，角度控制器会清除所有cookie并将用户重定向到登录页面。

我应该考虑其他方面吗？将令牌存储在新cookie或localStorage中更好吗？有关如何生成唯一强令牌的任何提示？

修改（改进）：

我决定使用HMAC-SHA256作为会话令牌生成器，有效期为20分钟。我生成一个随机的32字节GUID，附加一个时间戳并通过提供一个40字节的密钥来计算HASH-SHA256。由于令牌有效性非常小，因此很难获得冲突。
Cookie将具有domain and path属性以提高安全性。
不允许多次登录。

Answer 1

如果您通过https与服务器通信，则重播攻击没有问题。

我的建议是利用您服务器的安全技术。例如，JavaEE具有开箱即用的登录机制，基于角色的声明性资源保护（您的REST端点）等。这些都是使用一组cookie管理的，您不必关心存储和过期。看看你的服务器/框架已经为你提供了什么。

如果您计划向更广泛的受众群体（不是专门针对您投放的基于浏览器的用户界面）或其他类型的客户端（例如移动应用）展示您的API，请考虑采用OAuth。

在我的头脑中，Angular具有以下安全功能（在弹出时会添加更多功能）：

CSRF / XSRF攻击

Angular支持CSRF保护的开箱即用机制。查看$http docs。需要服务器端支持。

内容安全政策

Angular具有一种表达式评估模式，该模式与启用CSP时强制执行的更严格的JavaScript运行时兼容。查看ng-csp docs。

严格的上下文转义

使用Angular的新$sce功能（1.2+）来强化您的UI以抵御XSS攻击等。它不太方便但更安全。查看文档here。

Answer 2

这是客户端安全性，您可以在常规Angular版本中实现。我试过并试过这个。（请在此处找到我的文章： - http://www.codeproject.com/Tips/811782/AngularJS-Routing-Security）除了客户端路由安全性之外，您还需要在服务器端安全访问。客户端安全性有助于避免额外的服务器往返。但是，如果有人欺骗浏览器，那么服务器端安全性应该能够拒绝未经授权的访问。

希望这有帮助！

步骤1：在app-module中定义全局变量

- 定义应用程序的角色

  var roles = {
        superUser: 0,
        admin: 1,
        user: 2
    };

- 针对应用程序的未授权访问的定义路由

 var routeForUnauthorizedAccess = '/SomeAngularRouteForUnauthorizedAccess';

第2步：定义授权服务

appModule.factory('authorizationService', function ($resource, $q, $rootScope, $location) {
    return {
    // We would cache the permission for the session, to avoid roundtrip to server for subsequent requests
    permissionModel: { permission: {}, isPermissionLoaded: false  },

    permissionCheck: function (roleCollection) {
    // we will return a promise .
            var deferred = $q.defer();

    //this is just to keep a pointer to parent scope from within promise scope.
            var parentPointer = this;

    //Checking if permisison object(list of roles for logged in user) is already filled from service
            if (this.permissionModel.isPermissionLoaded) {

    //Check if the current user has required role to access the route
                    this.getPermission(this.permissionModel, roleCollection, deferred);
} else {
    //if permission is not obtained yet, we will get it from  server.
    // 'api/permissionService' is the path of server web service , used for this example.

                    $resource('/api/permissionService').get().$promise.then(function (response) {
    //when server service responds then we will fill the permission object
                    parentPointer.permissionModel.permission = response;

    //Indicator is set to true that permission object is filled and can be re-used for subsequent route request for the session of the user
                    parentPointer.permissionModel.isPermissionLoaded = true;

    //Check if the current user has required role to access the route
                    parentPointer.getPermission(parentPointer.permissionModel, roleCollection, deferred);
}
                );
}
            return deferred.promise;
},

        //Method to check if the current user has required role to access the route
        //'permissionModel' has permission information obtained from server for current user
        //'roleCollection' is the list of roles which are authorized to access route
        //'deferred' is the object through which we shall resolve promise
    getPermission: function (permissionModel, roleCollection, deferred) {
        var ifPermissionPassed = false;

        angular.forEach(roleCollection, function (role) {
            switch (role) {
                case roles.superUser:
                    if (permissionModel.permission.isSuperUser) {
                        ifPermissionPassed = true;
                    }
                    break;
                case roles.admin:
                    if (permissionModel.permission.isAdministrator) {
                        ifPermissionPassed = true;
                    }
                    break;
                case roles.user:
                    if (permissionModel.permission.isUser) {
                        ifPermissionPassed = true;
                    }
                    break;
                default:
                    ifPermissionPassed = false;
            }
        });
        if (!ifPermissionPassed) {
            //If user does not have required access, we will route the user to unauthorized access page
            $location.path(routeForUnauthorizedAccess);
            //As there could be some delay when location change event happens, we will keep a watch on $locationChangeSuccess event
            // and would resolve promise when this event occurs.
            $rootScope.$on('$locationChangeSuccess', function (next, current) {
                deferred.resolve();
            });
        } else {
            deferred.resolve();
        }
    }

};
});

步骤3：在路由中使用安全性：让我们使用到目前为止我们所做的所有硬编码来保护路由

var appModule = angular.module("appModule", ['ngRoute', 'ngResource'])
    .config(function ($routeProvider, $locationProvider) {
        $routeProvider
            .when('/superUserSpecificRoute', {
                templateUrl: '/templates/superUser.html',//path of the view/template of route
                caseInsensitiveMatch: true,
                controller: 'superUserController',//angular controller which would be used for the route
                resolve: {//Here we would use all the hardwork we have done above and make call to the authorization Service 
                    //resolve is a great feature in angular, which ensures that a route controller(in this case superUserController ) is invoked for a route only after the promises mentioned under it are resolved.
                    permission: function(authorizationService, $route) {
                        return authorizationService.permissionCheck([roles.superUser]);
                    },
                }
            })
        .when('/userSpecificRoute', {
            templateUrl: '/templates/user.html',
            caseInsensitiveMatch: true,
            controller: 'userController',
            resolve: {
                permission: function (authorizationService, $route) {
                    return authorizationService.permissionCheck([roles.user]);
                },
            }
           })
             .when('/adminSpecificRoute', {
                 templateUrl: '/templates/admin.html',
                 caseInsensitiveMatch: true,
                 controller: 'adminController',
                 resolve: {
                     permission: function(authorizationService, $route) {
                         return authorizationService.permissionCheck([roles.admin]);
                     },
                 }
             })
             .when('/adminSuperUserSpecificRoute', {
                 templateUrl: '/templates/adminSuperUser.html',
                 caseInsensitiveMatch: true,
                 controller: 'adminSuperUserController',
                 resolve: {
                     permission: function(authorizationService, $route) {
                         return authorizationService.permissionCheck([roles.admin,roles.superUser]);
                     },
                 }
             })
    });

Answer 3

app/js/app.js
-------------

'use strict';
// Declare app level module which depends on filters, and services
var app= angular.module('myApp', ['ngRoute']);
app.config(['$routeProvider', function($routeProvider) {
  $routeProvider.when('/login', {templateUrl: 'partials/login.html', controller: 'loginCtrl'});
  $routeProvider.when('/home', {templateUrl: 'partials/home.html', controller: 'homeCtrl'});
  $routeProvider.otherwise({redirectTo: '/login'});
}]);


app.run(function($rootScope, $location, loginService){
    var routespermission=['/home'];  //route that require login
    $rootScope.$on('$routeChangeStart', function(){
        if( routespermission.indexOf($location.path()) !=-1)
        {
            var connected=loginService.islogged();
            connected.then(function(msg){
                if(!msg.data) $location.path('/login');
            });
        }
    });
});

 app/js/controller/loginCtrl.js
-------------------------------

'use strict';

app.controller('loginCtrl', ['$scope','loginService', function ($scope,loginService) {
    $scope.msgtxt='';
    $scope.login=function(data){
        loginService.login(data,$scope); //call login service
    };
}]);

app/js/directives/loginDrc.js
-----------------------------
'use strict';
app.directive('loginDirective',function(){
    return{
        templateUrl:'partials/tpl/login.tpl.html'
    }

});
app/js/services/sessionService.js
---------------------------------
'use strict';

app.factory('sessionService', ['$http', function($http){
    return{
        set:function(key,value){
            return sessionStorage.setItem(key,value);
        },
        get:function(key){
            return sessionStorage.getItem(key);
        },
        destroy:function(key){
            $http.post('data/destroy_session.php');
            return sessionStorage.removeItem(key);
        }
    };
}])

app/js/services/loginService
----------------------------
'use strict';
app.factory('loginService',function($http, $location, sessionService){
    return{
        login:function(data,scope){
            var $promise=$http.post('data/user.php',data); //send data to user.php
            $promise.then(function(msg){
                var uid=msg.data;
                if(uid){
                    //scope.msgtxt='Correct information';
                    sessionService.set('uid',uid);
                    $location.path('/home');
                }          
                else  {
                    scope.msgtxt='incorrect information';
                    $location.path('/login');
                }                  
            });
        },
        logout:function(){
            sessionService.destroy('uid');
            $location.path('/login');
        },
        islogged:function(){
            var $checkSessionServer=$http.post('data/check_session.php');
            return $checkSessionServer;
            /*
            if(sessionService.get('user')) return true;
            else return false;
            */
        }
    }

});

index.html
----------
<!doctype html>
<html lang="en" ng-app="myApp">
<head>
  <meta charset="utf-8">
  <title>My AngularJS App</title>
  <link rel="stylesheet" href="css/app.css"/>
</head>
<body>
  <div ng-view></div>
  <!-- In production use:
  <script src="//ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/angularjs/1.0.7/angular.min.js"></script>
  -->
  <script src="lib/angular/angular.js"></script>
  <script src="lib/angular/angular-route.js"></script>

  <script src="js/app.js"></script>

  <script src="js/directives/loginDrc.js"></script>

  <script src="js/controllers/loginCtrl.js"></script>
  <script src="js/controllers/homeCtrl.js"></script>

  <script src="js/services/loginService.js"></script>
  <script src="js/services/sessionService.js"></script>
</body>
</html>