我真的很高兴尝试使用Vala，并且设法解决了迄今为止遇到的大部分障碍。但是现在让我浪费时间的是Gtk3 Label和Entry小部件中字体的着色（和一般修改）。从理论上讲，有三种方法可以做到：
（1）使用PANGO标记。
（2）使用modify_base和modify_bg。
（3）使用CSS。
CSS路线似乎是Gtk3想要遵循的路线;从程序员的角度来看，它肯定是最具吸引力的。但似乎它还没有完全（甚至非常）在Vala中实现。我是对的吗？
所以现在可以接受modify_base和modify_bg;除了只有modify_bg似乎工作。在Vala中还没有实现modify_base吗？
PANGO是少数几个;但鉴于上述情况，我想知道它在Vala中的覆盖程度如何......
（下面的一些示例代码。）
using Gtk;
using Posix;
public class CSStestWindow: ApplicationWindow {
private string APPNAME = "CSStest";
private int PAGENO;
private Gdk.Color LIGHTGREY;
private Gdk.Color PALEGREEN;
private Gdk.Color PINK;
private Gdk.Color PURPLE;
private Button bQuit = new Button.from_stock(Stock.QUIT);
private Button bColour = new Button.from_stock(Stock.ADD);
private Entry eAtitle = new Entry();
private Entry eBtitle = new Entry();
private Entry eCtitle = new Entry();
private Entry eDtitle = new Entry();
private Label lAtitle = new Label("AAA");
private Label lBtitle = new Label("BBB");
private Label lCtitle = new Label("CCC");
private Label lDtitle = new Label("DDD");
private Label lTab0 = new Label("First");
private Label lTab1 = new Label("Second");
private Label lTab2 = new Label("<span foreground='red'>Third</span>");
private Label lTab3 = new Label("Fourth");
private Notebook nbMain = new Notebook();
internal CSStestWindow(CSStest app) {
Object(application:app,title:"CSStest");
Gdk.Color.parse("lightgrey",out LIGHTGREY);
Gdk.Color.parse("palegreen",out PALEGREEN);
Gdk.Color.parse("pink",out PINK);
Gdk.Color.parse("purple",out PURPLE);
string style = """
@define-color bg beige;
@define-color fg blue;
* {engine:none; font-weight:bold;}
.window {background-color:@bg;}
/* those above seem to work, those below don't */
.redongreen {background-color:green; color:red;}
.switch {font-style:italic;}
.entry {background-color:yellow;}
.entry:selected {font-style:italic;}
GtkButton {color:#ff00ea; font:Serif 12;}
GtkButton:hover {background-color:#3085a9;}
GtkLabel {background-color:#898989;}
GtkNotebook {background-color:#a939f0;}
GtkNotebook > GtkEntry {color:@fg; background-color:#1209a2;}
GtkNotebook tab GtkLabel:focused {font:Serif 12;}
#lDtitle {background-color:lightblue;}
#eDtitle {font:Times;}
:insensitive {background-color:#320a91;}
""";
CssProvider provider = new CssProvider();
try {
provider.load_from_data(style,-1);
} catch (GLib.Error e) {
warning(e.message);
}
this.get_style_context().add_provider
(provider,STYLE_PROVIDER_PRIORITY_THEME);
this.get_style_context().add_class("window");
this.window_position = WindowPosition.CENTER;
this.set_default_size(480,320);
// ---- Set up Notebook -----------------------------------------------
nbMain.switch_page.connect((p,pn)=>{switchPage(pn);});
nbMain.set_show_border(true);
// ---- Notebook Tab 0 ------------------------------------------------
Grid gTab0 = new Grid();
gTab0.attach(lAtitle,0,0,1,1);
changeColour(eAtitle,PALEGREEN);
gTab0.attach(eAtitle,1,0,1,1);
bQuit.clicked.connect(onQuit);
gTab0.attach(bQuit,2,0,1,1);
nbMain.append_page(gTab0,lTab0);
// ---- Notebook Tab 1 ------------------------------------------------
Grid gTab1 = new Grid();
gTab1.attach(lBtitle,0,0,1,1);
changeColour(eBtitle,PINK);
gTab1.attach(eBtitle,1,0,1,1);
nbMain.append_page(gTab1,lTab1);
// ---- Notebook Tab 2 ------------------------------------------------
lTab2.set_use_markup(true);
Grid gTab2 = new Grid();
gTab2.attach(lCtitle,0,0,1,1);
lCtitle.get_style_context().add_class("redongreen");
gTab2.attach(eCtitle,1,0,1,1);
bColour.clicked.connect(()=>{changeColour(eCtitle,LIGHTGREY);});
gTab2.attach(bColour,2,0,1,1);
nbMain.append_page(gTab2,lTab2);
// ---- Notebook Tab 3 ----------------------------------------------------
Grid gTab3 = new Grid();
gTab3.attach(lDtitle,0,0,1,1);
gTab3.attach(eDtitle,1,0,1,1);
PAGENO = nbMain.append_page(gTab3,lTab3);
Widget pw = nbMain.get_nth_page(PAGENO);
pw.get_style_context().add_class("redongreen");
// ---- Pack Notebook into vBox on main window ------------------------
Box vbMain = new Box(Orientation.VERTICAL,0);
vbMain.pack_start(nbMain,true,true,0);
this.add(vbMain);
this.show_all();
showDialog("Started");
}
// ==== changeColour ==================================================
private void changeColour(Entry entry,Gdk.Color colour) {
entry.modify_bg(StateType.NORMAL,colour);
entry.modify_base(StateType.NORMAL,PURPLE);
}
// ==== onQuit ========================================================
private void onQuit() {
showDialog("Ending");
exit(-1);
}
// ==== showDialog ====================================================
private void showDialog(string message) {
Dialog dialog = new Dialog.with_buttons
(APPNAME,this,DialogFlags.MODAL,
Stock.OK,ResponseType.OK,null);
var content = dialog.get_content_area();
// DURING COMPILATION:
// warning: assignment from incompatible pointer type
// [enabled by default]
Label label = new Label(message);
label.set_line_wrap(true);
content.add(label);
content.show_all();
dialog.response.connect((id)=>{dialog.destroy();});
dialog.run();
}
// ==== switchPage ====================================================
private void switchPage(uint pn) {
switch (pn) {
case 0:
break;
case 1:
break;
case 2:
break;
case 3:
break;
}
nbMain.get_tab_label(nbMain.get_nth_page(nbMain.get_current_page())).get_style_context().add_class("switch");
}
}
public class CSStest: Gtk.Application {
internal CSStest() {
Object(application_id: "org.test.CSStest");
}
protected override void activate() {
new CSStestWindow(this).show();
}
}
extern void exit(int exit_code);
public int main(string[] args) {
return new CSStest().run(args);
}
答案 0 :(得分：1)
CSS路线似乎是Gtk3想要遵循的路线;从程序员的角度来看，它肯定是最具吸引力的。但似乎它还没有完全（甚至非常）在Vala中实现。我是对的吗？
没有。 Pala完全涵盖了CSS，Pango也是如此。 Vala GTK +绑定是从GTK +源代码生成的，非常完整。我不知道任何问题，但如果特定的东西丢失或损坏，请提交错误，我们会处理它。
至于如何实际操作，我不是GTK +的专家，但我相信你想要做的是使用Gtk.CssProvider加载你的CSS。然后将其应用于Gtk.StyleContext（您可以使用Gtk.Widget.get_style_context获得）。
在任何情况下，如果你能找到一个如何用另一种语言（最好是C）来做的例子，即使你不懂其他语言，通常也很容易将它翻译成Vala。
答案 1 :(得分：1)
yippee的！谢谢，nemequ：正如你所说，Gtk3 CSS样式在Vala中完全有效。你的保证让我回到了第一原则。在上面的示例中，我已将CssProvider附加到GUI顶部窗口的StyleContext，而它应该已附加到Gdk Screen对象。修改后的（和精简的）代码如下。
using Gtk;
using Posix;
public class CSStestWindow: ApplicationWindow {
internal CSStestWindow(CSStest app) {
Object(application:app,title:"CSStest");
this.window_position = WindowPosition.CENTER;
this.set_default_size(480,320);
string style = """
GtkButton {color:#ff00ea; font:Serif 12;}
GtkButton:hover {background-color:#3085a9;}
GtkLabel {background-color:#898989;}
GtkEntry {background-color:green; color:red;}
""";
CssProvider provider = new CssProvider();
try {
provider.load_from_data(style,-1);
} catch (GLib.Error e) {
warning(e.message);
}
StyleContext context = new StyleContext();
var screen = Gdk.Screen.get_default();
context.add_provider_for_screen
(screen,provider,STYLE_PROVIDER_PRIORITY_USER);
Box vbMain = new Box(Orientation.VERTICAL,0);
bTop.clicked.connect(onQuit);
Button bTop = new Button.from_stock(Stock.QUIT);
vbMain.pack_start(bTop,false,false,0);
Label lTop = new Label("Here we are again");
vbMain.pack_start(lTop,false,false,0);
Entry eTop = new Entry();
vbMain.pack_start(eTop,false,false,0);
this.add(vbMain);
this.show_all();
}
// ==== onQuit ============================================================
private void onQuit() {
exit(-1);
}
}
public class CSStest: Gtk.Application {
internal CSStest() {
Object(application_id: "org.test.CSStest");
}
protected override void activate() {
new CSStestWindow(this).show();
}
}
extern void exit(int exit_code);
public int main(string[] args) {
return new CSStest().run(args);
}