填充问题? (C / GCC)

时间:2013-12-30 19:05:45

标签: c gcc

我正在尝试统一一个ARM项目(特别是运行Linux 2.6.33.3的i.MX27 CPU,使用GCC 4.3.2编译)的SQLite交互方法。作为其中的一部分,我创建了一个带有union的结构,该结构用于保存值以绑定到预准备语句。

#define SQLITE_DATA_CHARACTER_STRING_MAX 1024

typedef struct
{
    int data_type;
    union
    {
        int integer;
        double floating_point;
        unsigned char character_string[SQLITE_DATA_CHARACTER_STRING_MAX];
    };
}sqlite_data;

最初,这是intfloatchar。我想使用long longdoublechar。但是,这似乎导致了一个问题。如上所述,以下代码生成可预测的输出:

int data_fields = 15;
int data_fields_index = 0;
sqlite_data data[data_fields];

LogMsg(LOG_INFO, "%s: Assigning", __FUNCTION__);

for(data_fields_index = 0; data_fields_index < data_fields; data_fields_index++)
{
    data[data_fields_index].data_type = (100 + data_fields_index);
    data[data_fields_index].integer = (1000 + data_fields_index);
    LogMsg(LOG_INFO, "%s: data[%d] - %d; type - %d", __FUNCTION__, data_fields_index, data[data_fields_index].integer, data[data_fields_index].data_type);
}

其输出是:

 Assigning
 data[0] - 1000; type - 100
 data[1] - 1001; type - 101
 data[2] - 1002; type - 102
 data[3] - 1003; type - 103
 data[4] - 1004; type - 104
 data[5] - 1005; type - 105
 data[6] - 1006; type - 106
 data[7] - 1007; type - 107
 data[8] - 1008; type - 108
 data[9] - 1009; type - 109
 data[10] - 1010; type - 110
 data[11] - 1011; type - 111
 data[12] - 1012; type - 112
 data[13] - 1013; type - 113
 data[14] - 1014; type - 114

但是,如果我只进行一次更改(integer类型为long long),那么一切都会崩溃。所以,改变如下:

typedef struct
{
    int data_type;
    union
    {
        long long integer;
        double floating_point;
        unsigned char character_string[SQLITE_DATA_CHARACTER_STRING_MAX];
    };
}sqlite_data;

生成此输出:

Assigning
data[0] - 1000; type - 0
data[1] - 1001; type - 0
data[2] - 1002; type - 0
data[3] - 1003; type - 0
data[4] - 1004; type - 0
data[5] - 1005; type - 0
data[6] - 1006; type - 0
data[7] - 1007; type - 0
data[8] - 1008; type - 0
data[9] - 1009; type - 0
data[10] - 1010; type - 0
data[11] - 1011; type - 0
data[12] - 1012; type - 0
data[13] - 1013; type - 0
data[14] - 1014; type - 0

我尝试使用#pragma pack(6)对它们进行去实现,并将该数组放在堆上,所有结果都相同:int有效,long long没有。

这里发生了什么?

2 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:6)

您没有告诉printf()期待long long。在格式字符串中使用%lld而不是%d

答案 1 :(得分:4)

Sneftel绝对正确。问题是您没有指定导致未定义行为的long long。为了帮助您将图片可视化如下:

"%s: data[%d] - %d; type - %d"

%s - [✓] __FUNCTION__ is a valid string.
%d - [✓] data_fields_index is an int
%d - [x] data[data_fields_index].integer is a long long, this will only read 
          the first 4 bytes of an 8 byte integer.
%d - [x] this is likely reading the last 4 bytes of 
          data[data_fields_index].integer which will be 0 for smaller numbers 
          on a little endian architecture.

因此,long long 1000将以小端存储在内存中:

[0x00 0x20 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00]
  ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^   ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
      first %d          second %d

将格式更改为"%s: data[%d] - %lld; type - %d" will fix this.