假设我们有多个关系的两个表,如下所示:
class User(db.Model):
__tablename__ = 'user'
uid = db.Column(db.String(80), primary_key=True)
languages = db.relationship('Language', lazy='dynamic',
secondary='user_language')
class UserLanguage(db.Model):
__tablename__ = 'user_language'
__tableargs__ = (db.UniqueConstraint('uid', 'lid', name='user_language_ff'),)
id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)
uid = db.Column(db.String(80), db.ForeignKey('user.uid'))
lid = db.Column(db.String(80), db.ForeignKey('language.lid'))
class Language(db.Model):
lid = db.Column(db.String(80), primary_key=True)
language_name = db.Column(db.String(30))
现在在python shell中:
In [4]: user = User.query.all()[0]
In [11]: user.languages = [Language('1', 'English')]
In [12]: db.session.commit()
In [13]: user2 = User.query.all()[1]
In [14]: user2.languages = [Language('1', 'English')]
In [15]: db.session.commit()
IntegrityError: (IntegrityError) column lid is not unique u'INSERT INTO language (lid, language_name) VALUES (?, ?)' ('1', 'English')
如何让关系知道它应该忽略重复并且不破坏语言表的唯一约束?当然,我可以单独插入每种语言,并检查表中是否已经预先存在该条目,但是sqlalchemy关系提供的大部分好处都消失了。
答案 0 :(得分:7)
SQLAlchemy wiki有一个collection of examples,其中一个就是check uniqueness of instances。
但这些例子有点令人费解。基本上,创建一个classmethod get_unique
作为备用构造函数,它首先检查会话缓存,然后尝试查询现有实例,最后创建一个新实例。然后拨打Language.get_unique(id, name)
而不是Language(id, name)
。
我在另一个问题上写了一篇more detailed answer来回应OP的赏金。
答案 1 :(得分:5)
我建议你阅读Association Proxy: Simplifying Association Objects。在这种情况下,您的代码将转换为如下所示:
# NEW: need this function to auto-generate the PK for newly created Language
# here using uuid, but could be any generator
def _newid():
import uuid
return str(uuid.uuid4())
def _language_find_or_create(language_name):
language = Language.query.filter_by(language_name=language_name).first()
return language or Language(language_name=language_name)
class User(Base):
__tablename__ = 'user'
uid = Column(String(80), primary_key=True)
languages = relationship('Language', lazy='dynamic',
secondary='user_language')
# proxy the 'language_name' attribute from the 'languages' relationship
langs = association_proxy('languages', 'language_name',
creator=_language_find_or_create,
)
class UserLanguage(Base):
__tablename__ = 'user_language'
__tableargs__ = (UniqueConstraint('uid', 'lid', name='user_language_ff'),)
id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)
uid = Column(String(80), ForeignKey('user.uid'))
lid = Column(String(80), ForeignKey('language.lid'))
class Language(Base):
__tablename__ = 'language'
# NEW: added a *default* here; replace with your implementation
lid = Column(String(80), primary_key=True, default=_newid)
language_name = Column(String(30))
# test code
user = User(uid="user-1")
# NEW: add languages using association_proxy property
user.langs.append("English")
user.langs.append("Spanish")
session.add(user)
session.commit()
user2 = User(uid="user-2")
user2.langs.append("English") # this will not create a new Language row...
user2.langs.append("German")
session.add(user2)
session.commit()